| U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress |
16 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Andrew Feickert; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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 | Special Operations Forces (SOF) are small, elite military units with special training and equipment that can infiltrate into hostile territory through land, sea, or air to conduct a variety of operations, many of them classified. SOF personnel undergo rigorous selection and lengthy, specialized training. The U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) oversees the training, doctrine, and equipping of all U.S. SOF units. SOF personnel play a significant role in U.S. military ... |
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| Conventional Warheads for Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues for Congress |
16 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Amy F. Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The United States began to deploy long-range ballistic missiles in the late 1950s and early 1960s. These missiles - land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and sea-based submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) have served as the backbone of the U.S. strategic nuclear deterrent for more than 40 years. They provided the United States with the ability to threaten targets throughout the Soviet Union, and, if necessary, in other nations, from the United ... |
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| Pre-Flight Ground Testing of the Full-Scale HIFiRE-1 at Fully Duplicated Flight Conditions |
14 MAY 2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Tim P. Wadhams; Matthew G. MacLean; Michael S. Holden; Erik Mundy; CALSPAN UB RESEARCH CENTER BUFFALO NY
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 | As part of an experimental study to obtain detailed heating and pressure data over the full-scale HIFiRE-1 flight geometry, CUBRC has completed a 30-run matrix of ground tests, sponsored by the AFOSR, to determine the optimal flight hardware and instrumentation configuration necessary to achieve and make measurements of desired flow phenomena during the flight experiment HIFiRE-1 stands for Hypersonic International Flight Research and Experimentation and the flight vehicle consists of ... |
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| Serbia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy |
14 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Serbia faces an important crossroads in its development. It is seeking to integrate into the European Union (EU), but its progress has been hindered by a failure to arrest four remaining indicted war criminals and by tensions with the United States and the EU over the independence of Serbia's Kosovo province. The United States recognized Kosovo's independence on February 18, 2008. Britain, France, Germany, Italy and most other EU countries ... |
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| Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance |
13 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Christopher Bolkcom; Blas Nunez-Neto; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the lead agency charged with securing our nation's borders. While CBP is charged with overall border enforcement, within the bureau a distinction is made concerning border enforcement at and between ports of entry (POE). At POE, CBP officers are responsible for conducting immigrations, customs, and agricultural inspections on individuals presenting themselves for entry into the United States. ... |
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| Afghanistan: Government Formation and Performance |
13 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Post-Taliban Afghanistan has adopted a constitution and elected a president and a parliament; that body is emerging as a significant force and sometimes challenger to President Hamid Karzai. The central government's limited writ, which many Afghans believe should remain limited, and its perceived corruption, are helping sustain a Taliban insurgency. See CRS Report RL30588, "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy," by Kenneth Katzman. |
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| Observations of Kuroshio Flow Variations in the East China Sea |
10 MAY 2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Magdalena Andres; M. Wimbush; J. H. Park; K. I. Chang; B. H. Lim; D. R. Watts; Hiroshi Ichikawa; William J. Teague; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Kuroshio velocity Structure and transport in the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated as part of a 23-month study using inverted echo sounders and acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) along the regularly sampled PN-line. Flow toward the northeast is concentrated near the continental shelf with the mean surface velocity maximum located 30 km offshore from the shelf break (taken as the 170 m isobath). There are two regions of southwestward ... |
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| Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security |
09 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Operation Iraqi Freedom overthrew Saddam Hussein's regime, but during 2004-2007 much of Iraq was highly violent because of Sunni Arab resentment and a related insurgency, resulting Sunni-Shiite sectarian violence, competition among Shiite groups, and the failure of Iraq's government to equitably administer justice or deliver services. At the same time, mounting U.S. casualties and financial costs stimulated debate within the United States over whether the initial goals of the intervention ... |
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| Latvia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy |
08 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| After restoration of its independence in 1991 following decades of Soviet rule, Latvia made rapid strides toward establishing a democratic political system and a dynamic, free market economy. It achieved two key foreign policy goals when it joined NATO and the European Union in 2004. However, relations with Russia remain strained over such issues as the country's Russian-speaking minority and energy relations. Latvia and the United States have excellent relations. ... |
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| Results of Fatigue Tests of Bare AF1410 Steel Unnotched Flat Plates with Surface Corrosion Damage. Engineering Data Report |
08 MAY 2008 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
David T. Rusk; Annette Arocho; Jennifer Pierce; Garry Abfalter; NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND PATUXENT RIVER MD STRUCTURES DIV
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| The global maritime operating environment of U.S. Naval Aviation assets necessitates their prolonged exposure to severe corrosive environments. The resulting corrosion damage on flight critical structural components has a significant adverse impact on fleet readiness and total ownership costs. To address these issues, NAVAIR has initiated a multi-year research program to investigate and quantify the fatigue life reduction due to corrosion on high-strength steels, and to develop models and metrics ... |
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| Violent Islamist Extremism, the Internet, and the Homegrown Terrorist Threat |
08 MAY 2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
SENATE (UNITED STATES) WASHINGTON DC
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| This is the first in a series of reports by the Majority and Minority staff of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on the threat of homegrown terrorism inspired by violent Islamist extremism. The Committee initiated an investigation into this threat during the 109th Congress. The first hearing on the homegrown threat considered the potential for radicalization in U.S. prisons. During the 110th Congress, the Committee has ... |
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| Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses |
06 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The Bush Administration characterizes Iran as a "profound threat to U.S. national security interests." The Administration perception is generated primarily by Iran's nuclear program but is increasingly focused on Iran's military assistance to armed groups in Iraq, which is resulting in U.S. battlefield losses. Iranian aid to the Palestinian group Hamas and Lebanese Hezbollah is also considered a key threat to U.S. interests. The threat assessment of some other governments ... |
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| Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background and Current Issues |
02 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Julie Kim; Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Close to nine years after NATO intervened militarily in the southern Serbian province of Kosovo, Kosovo declared itself an independent and sovereign state on February 17, 2008. The event marked a new stage in, but not the end of, international concern and engagement in the western Balkan region. Serbia strenuously objects to and does not recognize Kosovo's independence. Kosovo represented the last major unfinished business from the wars of Yugoslav ... |
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| Internal Mass Motion for Spacecraft Dynamics and Control |
01 MAY 2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher D. Hall; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST BLACKSBURG
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| We present a detailed description of the application of a noncanonical Hamiltonian formulation to the modeling, analysis, and simulation of the dynamics of gyrostat spacecraft with internal mass motion. The methods have been applied to the practical implementation of control of a three-dimensional air bearing spacecraft simulator. We also present the analysis of electrodynamic tether systems, including optimal control of a simplified model. |
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| Navy DDG-1000 Destroyer Program: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress |
01 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The Navy is procuring a new kind of destroyer called the DDG-1000. The ship was earlier called the DD(X). Navy plans call for procuring a total of seven DDG-1000s. The first two were procured in FY2007 using split funding (i.e., incremental funding) in FY2007 and FY2008. The Navy estimates their combined procurement cost a $6,325 million. The figure includes about $2.0 billion detailed design/non-recurring engineering (DD/NRE) costs for the entire ... |
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| U.S. Foreign Aid to East and South Asia: Selected Recipients |
01 MAY 2008 |
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| Authors:
Thomas Lum; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| This report analyzes annual budget justifications and legislation for foreign operations appropriations and discusses U.S. foreign aid trends, programs, and restrictions in 16 East Asian and South Asian countries. It does not cover aid to Pacific Island nations, North Korea, and Afghanistan. Country tables do not include assistance from U.S. State Department programs funded outside the foreign operations budget, such as educational and cultural exchange programs, and assistance from other ... |
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| Summary of a Modeling and Simulation Framework for High-Fidelity Weapon Models in Joint Semi-Automated Forces (JSAF) and Other Mission-Simulation Software |
01 MAY 2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Welch; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
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| This report (1) summarizes a modeling and simulation (M&S) framework for testing high-fidelity weapon models In Joint Semi- Automated Forces (JSAF) and other mission-simulation software; (2) highlights the products and steps required to develop a weapon model and communicate with other weapon models in a mission-level simulation; (3) introduces the four configuration levels of the M&S framework; and (4) presents a cost-effective M&S laboratory design based on Mak Technologies and ... |
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| Second-Generation Therapeutic DNA Lymphoma Vaccines |
01-May-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Larry W Kwak; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
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| The overall goal of our proposal is to develop a lymphoma vaccine for clinical study. Our vaccine strategy aims to activate immune cells that can recognize and eventually eliminate tumor cells. Lymphoma uniquely expresses a tumor-specific antigen termed "idiotype." By genetic modification we linked this lymphoma antigen with a type of small proteins that are able to recruit immune cells. When given to animals these vaccines profoundly induced tumor protection ... |
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| An Essential Protein Repair Enzyme: Investigation of the Molecular Recognition Mechanism of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A |
01-May-2008 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Joanne D So; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD
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| The amino acid methionine is particularly sensitive to damage by reactive oxygen species. The enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is capable of repairing oxidized methionines [Met-(O)] found in a wide range of damaged substrates, ultimately protecting cells against oxidative damage. How MsrA reverses oxygen modifications to these damaged proteins is well known, but very little is known about how MsrA recognizes the damaged proteins in the first place. Unlike ... |
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| Inhibition of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, SHP-1, in Dendritic Cells to Enhance their Efficacy as Cell-Based Prostate Cancer Vaccines |
01-May-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan M Levitt; BAYLOR COLL OF MEDICINE HOUSTON TX
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| Early preclinical and clinical trials suggest that dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccines are both feasible and safe. However, to date clinical trials of DC-based vaccines have demonstrated only limited efficacy in causing tumor regression despite eliciting measurable systemic T cell responses against prostate cancer. In an effort to enhance the effectiveness of DC-based vaccines against prostate cancer, we have tested the hypothesis that the Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 ... |
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| The Impact of the 6:3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio on Intermediate Markers of Breast Cancer |
01-May-2008 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Alana Hudson; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
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| Evidence suggests omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) promote breast cancer whereas omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs inhibit breast cancer growth. These fatty acids may influence breast cancer development by impacting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation and consequently estradiol synthesis. We sought to establish the relationship between erythrocyte n-6 and n-3 PUFAs with serum estradiol and breast density, two hormonally-related breast cancer risk factors. We hypothesized the n-6 PUFA's and the 6:3 PUFA ... |
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| Role of GGAP/PIKE-A in Prostate Cancer Progression |
01-May-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael M Ittmann; BAYLOR COLL OF MEDICINE HOUSTON TX
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| The clinical behavior of prostate cancer is extremely heterogeneous ranging from indolent disease to aggressive metastatic cancer with rapid mortality. GGAP2 is a GTPase protein with a GTPase activating protein (GAP) domain at the C-terminus. It was reported that GGAP2 or PIKE-A can activate Akt and inhibit apoptosis. The goal of this proposal is characterize the role of GGAP2 in prostate cancer progression. Our results indicate that GGAP2 expression is ... |
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| Investigation of Metastatic Breast Tumor Heterogeneity and Progression Using Dual Optical/SPECT Imaging. Addendum |
01-May-2008 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Peter P Antich; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS
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| The goal of our project was to develop methods to image the processes that occur during tumor growth and metastatic spread or regression including the fate of minimal residual disease. The key to this was through the development of a dual modality imaging system capable of performing both optical and SPECT imaging in mice. To do so it is necessary to test the limits of sensitivity of newly developed techniques: ... |
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| Estrogen Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study |
01-May-2008 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITA ROME (ITALY)
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| Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States (IARC 1995) and the second most common in the European Community (IARC 1995). The causes of prostate cancer however remain largely unknown with age race and family history being the only established risk factors (Nomura et al. 1997). The prostate gland has historically been considered the prototype of an androgen-dependent organ. However there is evidence that estrogens ... |
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| Quantitative in Situ Assessment of the Somatostatin Receptor in Breast Cancer to Assess Response to Targeted Therapy with 111-in-Pentetreotide. Addendum |
01-May-2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
David Rimm; Gina G Chung; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT
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| Somatostatin (SST) is a peptide hormone implicated in the growth and progression of cancers and SSTR2 is the predominant receptor subtype expressed in breast cancer. We hope to study the pattern of expression and clinical significance of SSTR2 levels in breast cancer. We have developed an algorithm called AQUA that can assess protein expression on tissue microarrays (TMA) based on molecular co-localization techniques. Our results show that SSTR2 is localized ... |
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| Development of Augmented Leukemia/Lymphoma-Specific T-Cell Immunotherapy for Deployment with Haploidentical, Hematompoietic Progenitor-Cell Transplant |
01-May-2008 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Laurence Cooper; Rita Young; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
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| To develop T-cell therapies for B-cell malignancies we have developed a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) which when expressed on the cell surface redirects T-cell specificity for CD19, a B-lineage cell-surface antigen. We have undertaken a series of systematic experiments to improve the ability of these CAR+ T cells to persist after adoptive transfer based on conditional expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) which is a potent cytokine that can prolong T-cell persistence. ... |
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| Exploiting for Breast Cancer Control a Proposed Unified Mechanism for Reduction of Human Breast Cancer Risk by the Hormones of Pregnancy |
01-May-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Herbert Jacobson; Thomas T Andersen; James A Bennett; ALBANY MEDICAL COLL NY
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| Results in the third grant year further support the Unified Mechanism Hypothesis in that: (1) Giving pregnancy associated hormones or hCG to virgin female rats either before or after MNU treatment elicits persistent serum AFP levels, thereby explaining why breast cancer appearance is inhibited when employing either treatment sequence; (2) Giving hCG to estrogenized SCID mice bearing human breast cancer xenografts inhibits the cancer growth, apparently by action of murine ... |
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| Competitive Nurse Rostering and Rerostering |
MAY 2008 |
154 pages |
| Authors:
Michael V. Chiaramonte; ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE
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| Nurse rostering is the assignment of specific nurses to specific shifts for a future scheduling period. The work schedule that is created is called a roster. The reconstruction of a disrupted roster is called rerostering. When solving the rostering and rerostering problems there are two considerations: the organization's costs and the nurses preferences. Traditional solution methods, often based on integer programs (IP), have two short comings; first, they rely on ... |
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| WindSAT Data Analysis for Cal/Val |
MAY 2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Ralph C. Foster; Robert A. Brown; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| We investigated the accuracy, capabilities and limitations of surface wind vectors from the first release of WindSAT passive microwave radiometer data using atmospheric boundary layer models and comparisons with NASA QuikSCAT scatterometers winds. Our methods allowed both point by point vector comparisons and integrated, non-local comparisons through derived sea level pressure fields. We found that the preliminary WindSAT winds were surprisingly good and that the combined vector wind and integrated ... |
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| Administration of Naval Science Awards Program (NSAP) Scholarships |
MAY 2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Doris E. Cousens; ACADEMY OF APPLIED SCIENCE INC CONCORD NH
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| The Academy of Applied Science (AAS), Concord. New Hampshire, utilized funds provided by the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA. under Grant NOOOl4-03-1-0549 to support the Naval Science Awards Program (NSAP). This effort included: (1) undergraduate scholarship payments to colleges and universities being attended by ONR's science fair scholarship recipients; (2) the acquisition of educational recognition awards for students that are participating in NSAP venues; and (3) expenses of educational ... |
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| Assessing Constraints on Soldier Cognitive and Perceptual Motor Performance During Vehicle Motion |
MAY 2008 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Metcalfe; Jr. Davis; Richard A. Tauson; Kaleb McDowell; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| Among the most significant challenges to implementing U.S. Army future force concepts are persistent human factors issues associated with staffing ground vehicles that are equipped with advanced capabilities including intelligent automation. This review is particularly concerned with understanding the influence of vehicle motion on the ability of Soldiers to perform goal-directed behaviors in future military vehicles. Because vehicle motion is a primary influence on the Soldier's performance, understanding the relationship ... |
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| Meeting of New Researchers in Statistics and Probability (10th). Held in Salt Lake City, UT on July 24-28, 2007 |
MAY 2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mayetri Gupta; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| The Tenth Conference of New Researchers in Statistics and Probability, sponsored by the IMS, was held on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, from July 24th to 28th, 2007. This yearly conference provides a unique opportunity for new researchers to exchange research ideas and initiate contacts amongst themselves in an informal setting as well as provide them an opportunity to interact with the invited senior ... |
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| Mass Spectral Fragmentation of VX |
MAY 2008 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis K. Rohrbaugh; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The objective of this study was to provide structural identification of VX fragment ions formed during mass spectrometric analysis, elucidation of fragmentation pathways, and a compilation of tandem mass spectral product ion spectra to aid in detection and confirmation of trace levels of VX in complex matrices. Fragmentation was observed and is reported here for both electron ionization and chemical ionization (methane) conditions. Isotopic labeling analysis using d5-VX was performed ... |
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| Remote Station User's Guide |
MAY 2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
John T. Clark; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| A transmitter that responds to an input signal (transponder) has been designed at the Ka Band frequency range. The transponder is further enhanced to simulate a moving target by returning a signal with an artificial Doppler frequency and power level commensurate with that of a particular Radar Cross Section (RCS). The RF architecture is described first, followed by a detailed derivation of simulated RCS and then a complete step by ... |
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| Scalability of Robotic Controllers: An Evaluation of Controller Options |
MAY 2008 |
86 pages |
| Authors:
Rodger A. Petitt; Elizabeth S. Redden; Christian B. Carstens; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| This study, conducted at Fort Benning, Georgia, was an operational investigation of tele-operation control performance with the use of three different robotic control devices. Twelve Soldiers from the Officers Candidate School and three Soldiers from Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment served as participants. Before any training, Soldiers provided an initial evaluation of the intuitiveness of controller features. After training in the operation of the IRobot PackBot Robot system, ... |
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| The Human Factors of Sensor Fusion |
MAY 2008 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce P. Hunn; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| This report discusses select, cognitively based principles associated with the sensor fusion process. A review is made of the standard definitions and descriptions of sensor fusion from an information processing perspective, and that review is tied to basic principles of human cognitive processes which are involved with processing information. Each step of the definition of sensor fusion provided by the Joint Directors of Laboratories is used as a basis of ... |
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| Detection and Localization of Vibrotactile Signals in Moving Vehicles |
MAY 2008 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Andrea S. Krausman; Timothy L. White; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| The focus of this research was to examine how well participants could detect and localize tactile signals while riding in moving vehicles. A ride motion simulator (RMS) was used to simulate a Bradley fighting vehicle or high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle traversing a cross-country course or gravel road. Two tactile display systems were used to provide signals. The wireless tactile control unit (WTCU) employed a vibrating motor similar to that ... |
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| Nuclear Power's Role in Generating Electricity |
MAY 2008 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Justin Falk; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| This study assesses the commercial viability of advanced nuclear technology as a means of meeting future demand for electricity by comparing the costs of producing electricity from different sources under varying circumstances. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated the cost of producing electricity using a new generation of nuclear reactors and other base-load technologies under a variety of assumptions about prospective carbon dioxide charges, EPAct incentives, and future market conditions. ... |
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| Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Unmanned Ground Vehicle Teaming: UAV Guided Navigation |
MAY 2008 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Jessie Y. Chen; Bryan R. Clark; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| We simulated a military reconnaissance environment and examined the performance of ground robotics operators who needed to use sensor images from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to navigate their ground robot to the locations of the targets. We also evaluated participants spatial ability and examined if it affected their performance or perceived workload. Results showed that participants overall performance (speed and accuracy) was better when they had access to images ... |
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| U.S. Foreign Policy and Regime Instability |
MAY 2008 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
James Meernik; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The United States utilizes a vast arsenal of foreign policy tools to induce, compel, and deter changes in other nations' foreign policies. As the quantity and quality of such activity increases, the U.S. "footprint" in such nations grows deeper and wider. The U.S. presence may range from a diplomatic mission to a massive invasion force. The United States may seek to use its presence to openly compel change in a ... |
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| Borders: Technology and Security -- Strategic Responses to New Challenges |
MAY 2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
II Johnson Douglas V.; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The New Mexico State University Government Department, in cooperation with the Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, conducted a 2-day colloquium, "Borders: Technology and Security -- Strategic Responses to New Challenges," on April 1-2, 2008. Approximately 60 invitees attended. Session topics included the following: "Rethinking Security, Borders, and Technology after 9/11: New Theories and Conceptual Frameworks," "The Changing Role of the Military in Border and Homeland Security," "Homeland and ... |
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| Evaluation Criteria for Aged Asphalt Concrete Surfaces; Phase II |
MAY 2008 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Haley P. Bell; Reed B. Freeman; E. R. Brown; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
| An evaluation of aged asphalt concrete (AC) was performed during the period March August 2007 at Polk Army Airfield (Fort Polk, LA), Redstone Army Airfield (Huntsville, AL), Simmons Army Airfield (Fort Bragg, NC), and Forney Army Airfield (Fort Leonard Wood, MO) to develop a method for predicting the performance of aged AC surfaces in situ. This research project was an extension of an investigation that was conducted in fiscal year ... |
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| Evaluation of SiC VJFET Devices for Scalable Solid-State Circuit Breakers |
MAY 2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Damian P. Urciuoli; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| Power electronic converters functioning as components in high power systems, such as those of hybrid military ground vehicles require fast fault isolation, and in most cases benefit additionally from bi-directional fault isolation. To prevent converter damage or failure, fault current interrupt speeds in the hundreds of microseconds to few millisecond range are necessary. Presently used mechanical contractors do not provide adequate actuation speeds, and suffer severe degradation during repeated fault ... |
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| Nuclear Weapons: NNSA Needs to Establish a Cost and Schedule Baseline for Manufacturing a Critical Nuclear Weapon Component |
MAY 2008 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Department of Energy s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) is responsible for manufacturing pits, a key component in a nuclear warhead. The department lost its ability to manufacture pits in 1989 with the closing of the Rocky Flats Plant. In 1996, the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was directed to reestablish a pit manufacturing capability, starting with a limited number of pits for the W88 warhead. In recent years, ... |
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| Postdoctoral Fellowship for Dr. Lindholm, Underwater Physiology and Medicine |
MAY 2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Claes E. Lundgren; David R. Pendergast; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTS
|
| The objective of this Postdoctoral fellowship was to provide education to extend their training to embarking on an independent research. Two Postdoctoral Fellows were trained. Important safety issues of breath-holding and limitations to diver performance were studied. Two studies showed the potential for increased risk of loss of consciousness (LOC) during breath-holing when carbohydrate stores were reduced by either dietary restriction or exercise without proper replenishment of glucose and glycogen. ... |
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| Homegrown Terrorism: The Threat Within |
MAY 2008 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberley L. Thachuk; Marion E. (Spike) Bowman; Courtney Richardson; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
|
| The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2002 orchestrated from Afghanistan and carried out by foreign nationals startled and frightened people the world over. Events since have produced a disquieting fear of quite another stripe that of the homegrown terrorist. More than 200 died, and some 1,500 were wounded as a result of terrorist attacks in Spain on March 11, 2004, just days before the nation's general elections. In the Netherlands, ... |
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| Design and Testing of a Diver Thermal Protection Garment |
MAY 2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
David R. Pendergast; Joseph M. Mollendorf; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTS
|
| Missions in cold and hot water have to be planned to insure thermal protection to prevent loss of diver capability. The objective of this project was to design, develop and test a diver thermal protection system (DTPS) that would eliminate the thermal constraint, and protect free swimming divers in waters from 5C to 40C at rest and during exercise at depths to 350 fsw. The DTPS developed met the objectives, ... |
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| Environmental Acceptable Medium Caliber Ammunition Percussion Primers |
MAY 2008 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Ellis; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ
|
| Percussion primers are used to ignite fixed ammunition propellant charges with a very high functional reliability. In order to achieve this high degree of reliability, extremely sensitive primary explosive compositions are selected as the initiating materials. Medium caliber ammunition percussion primers typically consist of lead styphnate and antimony sulfide. Although highly effective, these heavy material compounds were identified under 40 CFR 401.15 as toxic pollutants and should be replaced or ... |
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| Adaptability of Land Forces to 21st Century Security Challenges |
MAY 2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard F. Griffard; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
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| Over the past 45 years changes in the strategic environment require land forces capable of more than just attacking and defending. Today combat power entails the simultaneous and continuous implementation of offense, defense, stability, and civil support operations. Shaping the civil situation to accomplish the strategic endstate is just as important as combat success. This changed environment increases the importance of land forces and their contribution. In this full-spectrum environment, ... |
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| Defense Science Board Task Force on Developmental Test and Evaluation |
MAY 2008 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION TECHNOLOGY AND LOGISTICS WASHINGTON DC
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| A Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force on Developmental Test and Evaluation (DT&E) was convened in the summer of 2007 to investigate the causal factors for the high percentage of programs entering Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOT&E) in recent years which have been evaluated as both not operationally effective and not operationally suitable. The following are the specific issues which the Task Force was asked to assess: (1) Office ... |
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Biochemistry
