| Iron Limitation and the Role of Siderophores in Marine Synechococcus |
Jun-2009 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Adam R Rivers; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
 | Marine cyanobacteria in the genus Synechococcus are widely distributed and contribute significantly to global primary productivity. In many parts of the ocean their growth is limited by a lack of iron, an essential nutrient that is virtually insoluble in seawater. To overcome this, Synechococcus have evolved a number of strategies to acquire iron. Gene distribution, metagenomics and a novel immunological flow cytometry assay in the Costa Rica Upwelling Dome were ... |
|
| Multi-Threaded DNA Tag/Anti-Tag Library Generator for Multi-Core Platforms |
May-2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Arun Ravinfran; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHARLOTTE DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| Report Developed under CRADA 08-RI-CRADA-06. The report describes a new approach to the problem of generating DNA tag/anti-tag libraries used in experimental computing methods involving bio-molecules, and in biological assay methods. This approach couples multi-threaded coding methods and a highly parallel multi-population genetic algorithm to leverage performance gains made possible by the multi-core CPUs increasingly prevalent in today's commodity workstation computers. We explored and exploited algorithm and architecture trade-offs while ... |
|
| Age-Matched Comparison of Elite and Non-elite Military Performers during Free Living and Intense Operational Stress |
08-Apr-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus K Taylor; Amanda E Markham; Genieleah A Padilla; Michael D Ward; Katherine E Evans; Daniel R Gould; Barry D Adams; Eric G Dial Potterat; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| A useful approach to quantifying factors that influence human performance involves the classification and comparison of so-called elite and non-elite performers. In this pilot study, the authors classified 6 graduates of the Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL training program as elite and compared them to 6 age-matched non-elite military personnel on key aspects of physiological and psychological function during free living and in response to intense military stress. Participants completed measures of ... |
|
| Inactivating Influenza Viruses on Surfaces Using Hydrogen Peroxide or Triethylene Glycol at Low Vapor Concentrations |
Apr-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen N Rudnick; James J McDevitt; Melvin W First; John D Spengler; HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH BOSTON MA AIR TRANSPORTATION CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR AIRLINER CABIN ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
|
| Any of the exposed surfaces in airplanes can become contaminated with infectious viruses, such as influenza, and facilitate transmission of disease. In this study, we disinfected surfaces contaminated with influenza viruses. Selection of the specific decontamination agents used in this study was based on three criteria: 1) no harm would be caused to the mechanical components or avionics of the airplane, 2) no potentially harmful residue would be left behind, ... |
|
| Exploration of the Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Study of Ricin Toxicity in Cells |
Apr-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Saumil S Shah; Vicky L Bevilacqua; Jeffrey S Rice; Janna S Madren-Whalley; Lisa M Reilly; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This report is a required report for the U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center In-House Laboratory Independent Research project Cell Toxicity by NMR. Traditional assays lead to IC50/EC50 values based solely on cell survivability. However, additional information is desirable for understanding a toxin's total effects. Complex cellular metabolite mixtures can be analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with the aid of statistical methods such as chemometrics analysis (CA). However, the ... |
|
| Military Medical Research in Support of National Instruments of Power |
26-Mar-2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel H Jimenez; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| At the dawn of this new millennium, there are few threats more menacing to mankind than the global Human ImmunoDeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic. The current national security strategy and national military strategy acknowledge the threat posed by infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS and the potential adverse effects pandemic diseases have to vital U.S. interests. This strategy research project examines how military medical research serves as a soft power ... |
|
| Mycoleptodiscus terrestris: An Endophyte Turned Latent Pathogen of Eurasian Watermilfoil |
Mar-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Judy F Shearer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Plants that are stressed or weakened are more susceptible to disease than healthy plants. An endophytic fungus that has the capability of becoming a latent pathogen may trigger a host-fungus interaction resulting in disease development in Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) (EWM) plants when they are subjected to stress. The purpose of the present study was to determine if endophyte infected (E+) plants that are weakened by nutrient stress decline ... |
|
| Preliminary Testing of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris Formulations |
Mar-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Judy F Shearer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note reports preliminary results of bioassays of dried formulations of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski (Mt) for management of the submersed macrophyte, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (hydrilla). |
|
| Chelating Polymers and Environmental Remediation |
Mar-2009 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Nicole E Zander; DYNAMIC SCIENCE INC PHOENIX AZ
|
| Although there are many approaches to clean up wastewater and soil contaminated with heavy metals and other industrial pollutants, remediation with chelating polymers is one of the most versatile and inexpensive methods. The polymer ligand's efficiency and selectivity for particular metal ions are two important parameters that can be controlled by ligand type, ligand density, solubility of the polymer, as well as operating pH. An overview of remediating polymers and ... |
|
| Engineered Bio-Molecular Nano-Devices/Systems |
Mar-2009 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew D Hibbs; Geoffrey A Barrall; ELECTRONIC BIO SCIENCES LLC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The goal of the MOLDICE program was to exploit ion channels for practical ion channel based sensing. Stochastic sensing provides a detection method that can deliver extremely low false alarm rates while still maintaining a high probability of detection. In order to develop a practical system that could be deployed in the field, the EBS led team addressed several key system parameters. First, to eliminate the previous need for vibration ... |
|
| Polymer Drag Reduction and Bioluminescence Reduction |
Mar-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael I Latz; CALIFORNIA UNIV REGENTS SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA CA
|
| Drag reducing polymers interfere with the bursting process in turbulence by absorbing the energy like a shock absorber. The objective of this project was to test the effect of the polymer drag reducing agent polyethylene oxide (PEO) on bioluminescence stimulation in fully-characterized pipe flow. The well-documented reduction of turbulent skin friction by PEO was hypothesized to also result in a similar reduction of flow-stimulated bioluminescence. Drag reduction and bioluminescence suppression ... |
|
| Role of Crk Adaptor Proteins in Cellular Migration and Invasion in Human Breast Cancer |
Mar-2009 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Kelly E Fathers; MCGILL UNIV MONTREAL (QUEBEC)
|
| The Crk adaptor proteins (CrkI, CrkII and CrkL) play an important role during cellular signalling by mediating the formation of protein complexes. We examined how the loss of Crk would affect tumor progression using RNA interference, as well as examining the consequences of Crk over-expression. For each cancer cell line tested, loss of Crk expression corresponded with a significant decrease in cell migration, invasion, and adhesion, demonstrating that Crk adaptor ... |
|
| Exploring Convergent Evolution to Provide a Foundation for Protein Engineering |
26-Feb-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Shelley D Copley; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER
|
| Pathway holes correspond to steps in a pathway for which a homologue of known enzymes cannot be identified even though other enzymes in the pathway are present. Pathway holes can occur when an organism has independently evolved an enzyme to provide a catalytic function supplied by a structurally and possibly mechanistically different enzyme in other organisms. We have approached the identification of convergently evolved enzymes that fill pathway holes using ... |
|
| A Bioinformatic Approach to Inter Functional Interactions within Protein Sequences |
23-Feb-2009 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Geoffrey I Webb; James C Whisstock; MONASH UNIV CLAYTON (AUSTRALIA)
|
| The primary purpose of the current project was to evaluate the techniques they had developed to infer functional interactions between the sites within a protein and, if appropriate, refine them in the light of the results of evaluation. The initial results revealed significant limitations of their preliminary approaches. As a result of this project, it is now apparent that deep understanding of the significance of co-evolution between sites within a ... |
|
| Merlin, the Hippo Pathway, and Tumor Suppression in Meningiomas |
07-Feb-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Anita Lal; Gilson S Baia; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE OF RESEARCH AFFAIRS
|
| The goal of this proposal was to determine whether merlin exerts its tumor suppressive effects in meningiomas by signaling through the Hippo pathway. Using paired meningioma cell lines, where the only difference is expression of merlin, we have shown that loss of merlin is associated with a clear increase in the protein levels of YAP, a transcriptional coactivator and downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. In addition to this increase, ... |
|
| Preparation and Applications of Active Nanostructures as Biosensors |
04-Feb-2009 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Chung-Yuan Mou; Tien-Sung Lin; NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIV TAIPEI (TAIWAN) DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| This project synthesized active mesoporous silicas with nanospaces to immobilize proteins or fragments of DNA to determine their biosensing utility via electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. |
|
| Ethyl Pyruvate Provides Therapeutic Benefits to Resuscitation Fluids |
Feb-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Luis Ulloa; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY NEWARK
|
| Many promising strategies in experimental models of hemorrhage have failed in clinical trials, in part because classical experimental models may not mimic clinical settings. Unlike classical experimental models, hemorrhage in critical care is normally associated with collateral trauma that affects the physiological responses during resuscitation. Unlike rodents, swine are an optimal species donor for experimental hemorrhage as they have an anatomy, physiology and hemodynamic responses that closely resembles human. Here, ... |
|
| Manganese Research Health Project (MHRP) |
Feb-2009 |
146 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Aschner; Vanesssa A Fitsanakis; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN
|
| Manganese (Mn) and iron are essential metals for normal growth and development that compete for and share the same transporters. Thus, during periods of low dietary iron intake, the transport and deposition of Mn in the brain are increased. Conversely, high-risk populations for Mn intoxication, namely Mn miners and welders, may benefit from iron supplementation, which may lower their central nervous system (CNS) Mn burden. For the first 3 years, ... |
|
| Sensitivity Analysis of QSAR Models for Assessing Novel Military Compounds |
Jan-2009 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Igor Linkov; Jay L Clausen; Erin Bennett; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Reliable estimates of physical and biochemical properties of novel energetic compounds are essential before making the investment to synthesize, scale-up, and manufacture a new material for use in either military or civilian applications. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) software tools are available for predicting the physicochemical properties and environmental impacts of these emerging materials. The uncertainty and variability in melting point, solubility, half-lives, and related properties as a means of determining ... |
|
| Emissions Performance of a Novel Combustor Burning Shredded Wood |
Jan-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
C Lindsey; A Schmidt; Mikel Sawyer; P Aubrey; A Webster; ANTARES GROUP INC LANDOVER MD
|
| The Air Force Research Laboratory, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ) is engineering and evaluating a Transportable Waste to Energy System (TWES). This trailer-mounted system will convert military base waste and biomass waste streams to useful heat and power. The Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) is a TWES funding partner. The first stage of the project is a suspension-type combustor (furnace). The furnace has been built and tested. ... |
|
| Prevention of Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer by Amifostine |
Jan-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael M Weil; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| This project is a pre-clinical study designed to determine if amifostine might be effective in preventing breast cancer initiation by medical exposures to ionizing radiation. The experiments will determine if amifostine is protective in a murine model of breast cancer and, if so, determine the optimum dose, route and timing for its administration. The first year's objective was to test a high dose of amifostine administered I.P. prior to irradiation ... |
|
| Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Disulfide-Linked Growth Hormone Variants |
Jan-2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Bradley C Nindl; Joseph R Pierce; Alexander P Tuckow; Joseph A Alemany; Kevin R Rarick; Jeffery S Staab; Everett A Harman; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY PERFORMANCE DIV
|
| Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the appearance of disulfide-linked growth hormone (GH) aggregates during and after an acute resistance exercise test (ARET) in men could be influenced by chronic physical training. Fourteen men (28 + or - 1 yr) underwent two different 8-wk physical training programs designed to improve military performance. Before and after chronic training, subjects performed an ARET (six sets of 10 repetition-maximum squat) and had venous ... |
|
| Biological Impact of Senescence Induction in Prostate Cancer Therapy |
Jan-2009 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
David F Jarrard; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| Recently, it has been recognized that a distinct mechanism of terminal proliferation arrest after chemotherapy involves the reactivation of senescence. However, whether this phenotype occurs in vivo is unclear, as is the biological impact of senescence induction. We have previously identified pathways and genes involved in human senescence that may serve as senescence markers, and have demonstrated that senescence occurs in prostate cancer cell lines after chemotherapy. In this proposal, ... |
|
| Development of a Nature-Inspired Vector for Targeted Systemic Breast Cancer Gene Therapy |
Jan-2009 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Arash Hatefi; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN
|
| The purpose of this research was to develop a gene delivery system that can target breast cancer cells specifically and transfect them efficiently. A biomimetic vector was genetically engineered to contain at precise locations: a) an adenovirus micro peptide to condense pDNA into nanosize particles, b) a synthetic peptide to target breast cancer cells, c) a pH-responsive synthetic fusogenic peptide to disrupt endosome membranes and facilitate escape of the nanoparticles ... |
|
| Glutamate Receptor Aptamers and ALS |
Jan-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Li Niu; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY RESEARCH FOUNDATION
|
| Excitotoxicity is one of the leading causes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our goal was to develop a novel class of powerful aptamer-based, anti-excitotoxic inhibitors against GluR2Qflip, a key AMPA receptor subunit that controls the calcium permeability and mediates excitotoxicity. An aptamer is a single-stranded nucleic acid that directly inhibits a protein's function by folding into a specific tertiary structure that dictates high-affinity binding to the target protein. To date, ... |
|
| The Function of PTP1B in Neuroendocrine Differentation of Prostate Cancer |
Jan-2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Jiaoti Huang; ROCHESTER UNIV NY
|
| The goal of the project is to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for therapeutic failure in prostate cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy Scope: The scope of the project is to use prostate cancer cell lines in in-vitro cell culture systems to study the complex signal transduction pathways that may be responsible for the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells, particularly the relationship of PTP1B to IL-8 signaling through its receptors ... |
|
| Prostate Cancer Cell Growth: Stimulatory Role of Neurotensin and Mechanism of Inhibition by Flavonoids as Related to Protein Kinase C |
Jan-2009 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Dobner; Robert E Carraway; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV MEDICAL SCHOOL WORCESTER
|
| The purpose is to define the relationship between neurotensin (NT) and protein kinases and to investigate the mechanism by which flavonoids (FLAV) inhibit NT growth signaling in PC3 cells. The long-range scope is to determine the significance of NT in the negative effects of high fat intake on PC incidence and the positive effects of diets containing FLAV. Our results show that NT-induced growth signaling involves activation of PKC, that ... |
|
| Involvement of Novel Multifunction Steroid Hormone Receptor Coactivator, E6-Associated Protein, in Prostate Gland Tumorigenesis |
Jan-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Sathish Srinivasan; MIAMI UNIV FL
|
| E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase enzyme, E6-associated protein (E6-AP), is a novel dual function steroid hormone receptor coactivator. Previously I have shown that E6-AP regulates PI3K-Akt pathway in the prostate gland and as well as LNCaP cells. In this report I have provided evidence that E6-AP plays a vital role in the prostate gland growth and prostate cancer cell proliferation. E6-AP by itself can modulate p53 levels in prostate cancer cells independent ... |
|
| Anger Expression and Psychophysiological Stress Responses in Military Men |
29-Dec-2008 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus K Taylor; Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi; Eric G Potterat; Amanda E Markham; Genieleah A Padilla; Nausheen Dial Momen; Michael D Ward; Katherine E Evans; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Little is known of individual differences governing human responses to realistic stress. In this study, the authors examined the relationships of anger experience and expression to psychophysiological stress indices during daily living and in response to military survival training in 45 healthy, male, active-duty Navy personnel. Prior to participation in survival training, participants completed self-report measures of perceived stress and anger. Also, salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were assessed ... |
|
| Uncoupling GP1 and GP2 Expression in the Lassa Virus Glycoprotein Complex: Implications for GPI Ectodomain Shedding |
23-Dec-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Luis M Branco; Alex Matschiner; Joseph N Fair; Megan M Illick; Kerry A Illick; Randal Schoepp; Robert F Garry; Mary C Guttieri; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) was characterized in plasma from infected African Green monkeys, rabbits, and guinea pigs. In all cases, during the terminal phase of infection only the protease-activated 63-kDa form of protective antigen (PA63) and the residual 20-kDa fragment (PA20) were detected in the plasma. No uncut PA with a molecular mass of 83 kDa was detected in plasma from toxemic animals during the terminal stage of infection. ... |
|
| Vitamin D Supplementation in Submarines |
02-Dec-2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey Gertner; Wayne Horn; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT
|
| Vitamin D is primarily recognized for its role in calcium homeostasis. However, recent research has suggested that the functions of vitamin D may be more numerous and complex. This paper is a review of basic physiology of vitamin D, recent research, and how it applies to submarine crews. Epidemiological and cellular research indicate that vitamin D may play a role in autoimmune disorders and cancer formation. These studies are not ... |
|
| Aptamer Selection Express: A Novel Method for Rapid Single-Step Selection and Sensing of Aptamers |
Dec-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Maomian Fan; Shelly Roper; Carrie Andrews; Amity Allman; John Bruno; Jonathan Kiel; CONCEPTUAL MINDWORKS INC SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| This article describes a new DNA capture element (DCE) sensing system, based on the quenching and dequenching of a double-stranded aptamer. This system shows very good sensitivity and thermal stability. While quenching, dequenching, and separating the DCE systems made from different aptamers (all selected by SELEX), an alternative method to rapidly select aptamers was developed the Aptamer Selection Express (ASExp). This process has been used to select aptamers against different ... |
|
| Blood Chemistries Following Repeated Days of First Strike Ration or Meal, Ready-to-Eat consumption |
Dec-2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Scott J Montain; John S Cuddy; Brent C Ruby; Dustin Slivka; Matthew R Ely; Susan M McGraw; Jennifer Rood; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY NUTRITION DIV
|
| To determine if the First Strike Ration (FSR) sustains nutritional and metabolic status as effectively as the Meals, Ready to Eat (MRE), blood chemistries were compared between Soldiers who consumed 1 FSR (2864 Kcal, 377 g CHO, 91 g PRO, 109 g Fat) per day or 2 MRE (2620 Kcal, 348 g CHO, 84 g PRO, 102 g Fat) per day while performing 3 days of wildland fire suppression. Eighteen ... |
|
| Telomere Length Polymorphisms: A Potential Factor Underlying Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer in African American Men and Familial Prostate Cancer |
Dec-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Alan K Meeker; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| This project tests the hypothesis that inherited and/or acquired differences in telomere length unprostate cancer observed in African Americans compared to Caucasians and in affected members of hefamilies. To test this hypothesis, telomere content in genomic DNA isolated from blood samples of by quantitative PCR and the data assessed for associations with either racial background or prostathe period of this report we have isolated genomic DNA from 128 members from ... |
|
| Molecular Targets for the Prevention of Prostate Cancer |
Dec-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Ajit K Verma; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| The objectives of this proposal are to determine whether protein kinase C epsilon (PKCe) is linked to the initiation and progression of Prostate cancer (PCa) and should be explored as a molecular target for the prevention of human PCa. PKCe, a calcium-insensitive PKC, is among the PKC isoforms expressed in both mouse and human prostate tissue. We plan to test the hypothesis that PKCe is linked to the onset, progression ... |
|
| Hyaluronan Tumor Cell Interactions in Prostate Cancer Growth and Survival |
Dec-2008 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
James B McCarthy; Eva Turley; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
|
| Hyaluronan is a high molecular weight polyanionic polysaccharide that is increased in more advanced prostate cancers. Tumor cell interaction with this polysaccharide by specific receptors CD44 and RHAMM promote tumor growth, survival and invasion. Work during the last funding period have further defined the mechanism of action of each of these receptors. Studies show that extracellular RHAMM acts a co-receptor for CD44, and the combined action of this receptor complex ... |
|
| Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Engage the Cell Death Program Through the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Dec-2008 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Steven J Kridel; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
|
| Fatty acid synthase (FAS), the enzyme that synthesizes the 16-carbon fatty acid palmitate, in highly expressed in prostate cancer. Because of a corresponding lack of expression in normal prostate, FAS is an attractive drug target. We have described the endoplasmic stress (ER) response as a critical mediator of the anti-tumor effects of FAS inhibitors. In this report we demonstrate the mechanism that drives the synergy between FASN inhibitors and the ... |
|
| Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Obesity-Associated Coronary Artery Disease, an Imminent Military Epidemic |
Dec-2008 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Ira Tabas; Wai H Woo; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK
|
| There is an epidemic of obesity in the military. Obesity leads to type 2 diabetes, the most dangerous consequence of which is atherothrombotic vascular disease. We have made major progress on the key Tasks over the last year. We have gained more in-depth understanding on how the AngII targets CaMKII and NADPH oxidase trigger apoptosis in ER-stressed macrophages. Our knowledge of how PPARs and obesity affect advanced plaque progression was ... |
|
| Prostate Cancer in African-American Men: Serum Biomarkers for Early Detection Using Nanoparticles |
01-Nov-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Catherine M Phelan; H LEE MOFFITT CANCER CENTER AND RESEARCH INST TAMPA FL
|
| We have blood samples from 40 African-American men with prostate cancer and 30 ethnically-matched control healthy men with questionnaire data on demographics, general health and cancer family history. Our total accrual goal is 100 cases and 200 controls. The use of nanoscale materials and devices has enhanced the lower limits of detection of proteins and other compounds in plasma and tissues. We have investigated using nanoparticles or quantum dots conjugated ... |
|
| Carbon Dioxide Corrosion and Acetate: A Hypothesis on the Influence of Microorganisms |
Nov-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda J Little; Joseph M Suflita; Tommy J Phelps; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| It is our hypothesis that fermentative acetogenic, and sulfate-reducing bacteria residing in pipeline facilities can influence corrosion through the production of carbon dioxide and acetate under the prevailing anaerobic conditions. The exacerbation of carbon dioxide corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of acetic acid is a well-known phenomenon in the oil industry. Both chemical compounds can be produced and consumed by microorganisms during the anaerobic biodegradation of organic matter-- ... |
|
| The Role of Interleukin-6/GP130 Signaling in Prostate Cancer Progression and its Contribution to Bone Metastasis Morbidity |
Nov-2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Richard P Redvers; MONASH UNIV CLAYTON (AUSTRALIA) INST OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
|
| Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the leading cause of male cancer death in Western civilization. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine implicated in primary PrCa growth and survival post-androgen withdrawal. Moreover, IL-6 is strongly associated with bone metastasis, a major cause of morbidity in PrCa patients. This project aims to investigate the IL-6 axis in a novel in vivo PrCa xenograft model (BM18) of androgen-dependent growth (McCulloch et al., 2005) and osteosclerotic ... |
|
| The Role of HOX Proteins in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer |
Nov-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Sunshine Daddario; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| HOX genes encode a large family of transcription factors involved in key developmental decisions, and are often aberrantly expressed in cancer. Our laboratory has previously shown that a subset of genes of the HOXC cluster are overexpressed in primary prostate tumors, metastases, and prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines1. Increasing transient expression of HOXC8 in LNCaP PCa cells as well as HPr-1 AR non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells results in a progressive ... |
|
| PIM1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer |
31-Oct-2008 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Lilly; LOMA LINDA UNIV CA
|
| The contract supports studies to define the role of the PIM1 kinase in acquired resistance to chemotherapy by prostate cancer cells. Data to date for specific aim #1 define a signaling pathway induced by docetaxel, involving sequential steps of STAT3 phosphorylation, expression of PIM1, and activation of NFkB signaling. Blockade of this pathway prevents drug-induced upregulation of NFkB activity, and sensitizes cells to docetaxel. Other studies (specific aim #2)focus on ... |
|
| PSMA-Targeted Nano-Conjugates as Dual-Modality (MRI/PET) Imaging Probes for the Non-Invasive Detection of Prostate Cancer |
Oct-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Xiankai Sun; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
|
| The goal of this project is to develop dual modality imaging probes for the detection of prostate cancer by doping radioisotopes to iron oxide nanoparticles, so that the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer diagnosis could be significantly improved. In the three years, a facile approach has been developed to prepare gamma- or positron emitting nuclides incorporated SPIO nanoparticles (NUSPIONs) for dual modality imaging of prostate cancer, where a size-exclusion ... |
|
| Function of Klotho and is MicroRNA in Prostate Cancer and Aging |
Oct-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Shao-Yao Ying; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
|
| We have observed the expression of CD164, IGFR, and Klotho proteins in human prostate cancer tissue microarrays as determined by immunohistochemistry. A positive correlation between CD164, IGFR and stages of prostate cancer was observed whereas a negative correlation between Klotho and stages was detected. However, the expression of Klotho in terms of the age of patients was not conclusive due to a small number of older (65 years) patients. Previously, ... |
|
| Development of the C-Terminal Inhibitors of Heat Shock Protein 90 in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer |
Oct-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey Holzbeierlein; KANSAS UNIV MEDICAL CENTER RESEARCH INST KANSAS CITY
|
| To develop and evaluate novel compounds which inhibit the C-terminal portion of Hsp90 in prostate cancer models. To develop a library of novobiocin analogues to be tested in vitro initially and then in a mouse model. Major findings: we have tested over 220 analogues of the original parent compound (A-1) all of which have been tested in at least two commonly used prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC3. Screening ... |
|
| Lysosome-mediated Cell Death and Autophagy-Dependent Multidrug Resistance in Breast Cancer |
Oct-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Victor V Levenson; NORTHWESTERN UNIV EVANSTON IL
|
| The original Statement of Work called for analysis of proteins and organelles involved in autophagic cell death (Task 1); for analysis of expression profiles and identification of pathways affected by tamoxifen treatment in parental cells and in resistant derivatives (Task 2); and for functional testing of identified differentially regulated genes as potential components of regulatory pathways for autophagy-related cell death (Task 3). It is important to recognize that Tasks 1 ... |
|
| Targeting Fatty Acid Synthase Gene for Prostate Cancer Therapy |
Oct-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Kounosuke Watabe; Eiji Furuta; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV SPRINGFIELD
|
| Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is significantly over-expressed in prostate tumor cells and inhibition of FAS results in apoptosis, suggesting that FAS is an ideal target for drug development. The overarching hypothesis of this project is that a specific inhibitor for FAS dimerization will block the function of this enzyme and cause apoptosis of the tumor cell. Our specific aims are (1) to characterize the apoptotic pathway induced by FAS inhibition, ... |
|
| The Impact of a Common Mdm2 SNP on the Sensitivity of Breast Cancer To Treatment |
Oct-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Jin-Ming Yang; Kim M Hirshfield; Bruce Haffty; ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL SCHOOL PISCATAWAY NJ
|
| The discovery of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the mdm2 promoter uncovered a previously unknown role of this SNP in predicting early onset of breast and the possibility that this germ line variation could decrease the effectiveness of treatment. These outcomes are likely due to the increased expression of mdm2 protein in SNP309 individuals, which blunts the p53-mediated apoptotic response to DNA damage. The objective of this proposal is ... |
|
| Mechanisms Down-Regulating Sprouty1, a Growth Inhibitor in Prostate Cancer |
Oct-2008 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard Kwabi-Addo; HOWARD UNIV WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Sprouty gene family negatively regulates growth factor-induced receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in human prostate cancer (PCa). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Sprouty1 in PCa, determine its biological function and elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) regulating its expression in PCa. RESULTS: Using immunohistochemical and quantitative RT-PCR analysis, I have shown that Sprouty1 is down-regulated in PCa tissues compared to matched normal prostate tissues. Transient forced ... |
|
Biochemistry
