| Feasibility of Biodegradable MEMS Based on Cellulose Paper |
16-Dec-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jaehwan Kim; INHA UNIV INCHEON (SOUTH KOREA)
|
 | This report covers investigations of adhesive coatings, contact pressures, and depth control of micro-transfer printing (MTP) on Electro-Active paper (EAPap) and the micro-molding of cellulose EAPap, suitable to production of micro-electronics, such as inertia sensors. |
|
| Improvement of Piezoelectricity in Piezoelectric Paper Made With Cellulose |
25-Nov-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jaehwan Kim; INHA UNIV INCHEON (SOUTH KOREA)
|
| This report deals with the improvement of piezoelectricity in the piezoelectric paper made with cellulose. Piezoelectric paper fabrication process is composed of cellulose dissolving, wet cellulose casting, regenerating cellulose, stretching and drying processes. To automate these serial processes, a pilot plant was developed for the wet cellulose casting, regenerating, stretching and drying processes. |
|
| Foundation Elements for Naval Low-Rise Buildings |
Oct-2009 |
201 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Hatch; Michael P Wolcott; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN WOOD MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Natural fiber composites are commonly used in residential decking, siding, and fencing applications, but their use in high-load structural applications has been limited by their low strength performance. However, wood-plastic composites (WPCs) consisting of nylon 12 and thermoplastic epoxy resin (TPER) exhibit excellent mechanical performance. This study evaluated the extrusion parameters for each composite including: barrel/die temperature profile, lubricant compatibility, wood flour (WF) content, and WF moisture content (MC). Increases ... |
|
| Study on the Fabrication and Characterization of Piezoelectric Paper Made With Cellulose |
07-Oct-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jaehwan Kim; INHA UNIV INCHEON (SOUTH KOREA) DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| This report deals piezoelectric paper made with cellulose by mechanically and electrically aligning regenerated cellulose films. Cellulose electro-active paper was prepared by dissolving cotton pulp in LiCl/N, N-dimethylacetamide solution and regenerating cellulose chains. An electric field was applied in the mechanical direction of cellulose films along with mechanical stretching. Alignment of cellulose chains was investigated in terms of applying electric field. The characteristics of cellulose films were analyzed by x-ray ... |
|
| Durable Wood Composites for Naval Low-Rise Buildings |
JAN 2007 |
765 pages |
| Authors:
Michael P. Wolcott; Marie Pierre-Laborie; Paul Smith; Sudipta Damohapatra; Armando McDonald; Han-Seung Yang; Sudip Chowdhury; Vikram Yadama; Daniel McGraw; Timothy Smith; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN WOOD MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| SIDING AND TRIM COMPONENTS: Task S1 - Evaluate the durability perceptions, WPC substitution potential, and reasons for adopting (purchasing & carrying) new building materials from key members of the value chain (building material wholesalers and retailers). Task S2 - Examine the value propositions for specific residential siding and siding accessories and OSB products from the perspective of the manufacturer and key channel members. Task S3 - Evaluation of interactions between ... |
|
| Commercialization of Navy Advanced Wood Composites (CD-ROM) |
Oct 2005 |
|
| Authors:
WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN WOOD MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
 | ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 15 files; Adobe Acrobat (.PDF). PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 CD-ROM; 4 3/4 in.; 10.3 MB. ABSTRACT: Previous research funded by the U.S. Navy, resulted in new methods for manufacturing wood-plastic composites. This work also demonstrated their useful application in marine structures. These research products solve many problems that the US Navy currently face with repairing and building timber structures on their waterfront; including avoidance of pesticide treated timber ... |
|
| Naval Advanced Wood Composites- Project End Report (CD-ROM) |
30 MAR 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Michael P. Wolcott; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN WOOD MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 27 files; Adobe Acrobat (.PDF). PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 CD-ROM; 4 3/4 in.; 15.6 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: ABSTRACT: The US Navy has a considerable inventory of timber structures. As with other coastal communities, these structures are exposed to many forms of mechanical and environmental assault. Building durability problems can be traced to a range of factors that include moisture retention from impermeable building envelopes, moisture intrusion ... |
|
| Inspection Procedures for Military Wood Structures |
MAR 2002 |
152 pages |
| Authors:
Ghassan Al-Chaar; Mohsen A. Issa; John R. Hayes Jr; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report presents a comprehensive overview of technical information and procedures that are essential for inspecting wood structures and understanding the results. The text addresses wood species characteristics, published structural properties, building code considerations, the effects of environmental factors, and distresses caused by organisms, microorganisms, and nonliving substances such as corrosive chemicals. Inspection procedures covered include guidance on visual identification of wood types, grades, and mechanical stressors; creation of a ... |
|
| Comparing Paper and Tangible, Multimodal Tools |
2002 |
|
| Authors:
David R. McGee; Philip R. Cohen; R. M. Wesson; Sheilah Horman; BATTELLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABS RICHLAND WA
|
| In command posts, officers maintain situational awareness using paper maps, Post-it notes, and hand-written annotations. They do so because paper is robust to failure, it is portable, it offers a flexible means of capturing information, it has ultra-high resolution, and it readily supports face-to-face collaboration. We report herein on an evaluation comparing maps and Post-its with a tangible multimodal system called Rasa. Rasa augments these paper tools with sensors, enabling ... |
|
| Engineered Wood Composites for Navy Waterfronts - Project End Report (CD-ROM) |
JUN 2001 |
|
| Authors:
David E. Pendleton; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN COLL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH DIV
|
| ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 81 files; Adobe PDF (with hyperlinks). PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 47 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: IBM-clone PC-compatible; requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. ABSTRACT: The US Navy is challenged with transitioning timber material usage in marine environments to meet structural performance, installation requirements, and environmental restrictions. The overall goal of the project is to develop structural wood-plastic composite products as a timber ... |
|
| The Fractal Nature of Wood Revealed by Drying |
2000 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Benhua Fei; CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY BEIJING (CHINA) RESEARCH INST OF WOOD INDUSTRY
|
| Introducing the fractal theory into the study of wood and its porous properties will provide new insights. The fractal dimension of wood surface was first studied by using water-sorption. It was found that the fractal dimension was in the range of 2.5-2.8. An experiment with pressurized water absorption has confirmed the fractal nature of wood. The findings have shown that the pore space within wood could be characterized by fractal ... |
|
| High-Grade Paper Recycling: A Program Management Perspective |
MAR 1999 |
147 pages |
| Authors:
Roger L. Carter; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| Recycling of high-grade paper is one method of reducing the use of natural resources and the amount of waste being emitted into the environment, both in the process of manufacturing and in the disposal of unneeded documents. The Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) is a significant user of high-grade paper, thus recycling represents a potential saving to society in the form of lessened negative impact on the environment as the ... |
|
| McAlester Army Ammunition Plant (MCAAP) 40- by 44-Inch Wooden Pallet MIL-STD-1660 Tests |
JUL 1997 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Ejike J. Ajalla; ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER AND SCHOOL SAVANNA IL VALIDATION ENGINEERINGDIV
|
| The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SIOAC-DEV), was tasked by U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) to conduct MIL-STD-1660 tests on a 40- by 44-inch wooden pallet (oak) manufactured by MCAAP. This report contains test results with the pallets provided meeting MIL-STD-1660, Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads, requirements. |
|
| Performance of Bolted Wood-to-Concrete Connections and Bolted Connections in Plywood Shear Walls |
JAN 97 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Donald A. Jones; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| In the aftermath of recent earthquakes in populated areas, observations of wood- frame residential and commercial construction have revealed damage to plywood shear walls in the form of splitting of the sill plate along the line of anchor bolts in the foundation and of the end post along the bolts in the hold-down connection. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the sill plate connection, using a variety of bolt ... |
|
| M7 Armor Tile in a Nonstandard Plywood Box United Nations (UN) performance Oriented Packaging (POP) and MIL-STD-1660 Tests |
JAN 97 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Quinn D. Hartman; ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER AND SCHOOL SAVANNA IL
|
| The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SIOAC-DEV), was tasked by the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) to conduct United Nations (UN) Performance Oriented Packaging (POP) tests on a nonstandard plywood box for shipment of M7 armor tile. Test results indicated that the nonstandard plywood box did not meet the UN POP test requirements. After these initial findings, the project focus was changed ... |
|
| Timber vs. Composite/Plastic Pile Fender Systems in Pearl Harbor Maintenance Cost Comparison |
DEC 96 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph Alling; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Navy has traditionally used treated timber materials for fender systems for piers and wharves in Pearl Harbor. In recent years, the costs associated with the use of timber have escalated and the Navy has begun to use plastic piles at installations around the world to replace timber fender systems. Plastic fender systems are more expensive, but have greater energy absorption capabilities and are more resilient to environmental decay. To ... |
|
| McAlester Army Ammunition Plant (MCAAP) Wooden Pallet MIL-STD-1660 Tests |
JUL 96 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Bradley J. Haas; ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER AND SCHOOL SAVANNA IL
|
| The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center and School (USADACS), Validation Engineering Division (SIOAC-DEV), was tasked by the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) to conduct MIL- STD-1660 tests on 40- by 48-inch pallets produced by McAlester Army Ammunition Plant (MCAAP). This report contains test results with the pallets provided failing to meet MIL-STD-1660, Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads, requirements due to nail failure. |
|
| Use of Recycled Plastics Versus Wood |
FEB 1996 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Scott Strotman; ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT SAVANNAH GA
|
| This technical note provides information on the present and potential uses of recycled plastic "timbers" in parks and recreation areas. Observations of direct onsite application have determined that recycled plastics are a cost- saving alternative to traditional lumber and wood products in certain applications. Two sites--Hartwell Lake and the Old Faithful Area of Yellowstone National Park--are cited here. Over the past few years, innovations in the design and construction of ... |
|
| Defense Performance Review Metrics: Wood Products Initiative |
DEC 95 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Paul E. Grover; Sharan E. Dockery; DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| A test was conducted to compare the performance of local purchase against a modified form of central procurement for wood products. During a test period of January 1, 1995 through September 30, 1995, two Marine bases were each instructed to purchase wood products via one of the test methods and to report test metrics. The base using local purchase reported generally higher prices averaging about 10% along with longer lead ... |
|
| Defense Reutilization and Marketing Manual. Change 95-07 |
18 MAY 95 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS SERVICES (DOD) DC DIRECTIVES DIV
|
| This numbered letter is directive in nature and expires 1 year from the date of this letter unless sooner superseded or rescinded. The purpose of this numbered letter is to incorporate new policy into the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Manual, DoD 4160.21-M, Chapter VIII. Pending accomplishment of a formal publication, insert the following as paragraph B76 (currently in a reserved status): "76. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) treated wood products. jg p.1 ... |
|
| Materials for Tomorrow's Infrastructure: A Ten-Year Plan for Deploying High-Performance Construction Materials and Systems |
27 DEC 94 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Belle; Kathleen H. Almand; CIVIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report presents a detailed program to transform our nation's infrastructure. The Intended audience Is the Administration and Congress, other national policy makers, and government and industry leaders. Descriptions of major high-performance research and commercialization projects are provided by working groups representing ten different materials: aluminum, coatings, fiber- reinforced polymer composites, concrete, hot mix asphalt. masonry, roofing materials, smart material devices and monitoring systems, steel, and wood. The report builds ... |
|
| M24 Wooden Box with Metal Liner, United Nations (UN) Performance Oriented Packaging (POP) Tests |
NOV 94 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Meyer; ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER AND SCHOOL SAVANNA IL
|
| The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center and School (USADACS), Validation Engineering Division (SMCAC-DEV), was tasked by U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) to conduct UN POP tests on M24 wooden boxes with metal liners which were manufactured in 1972 and 1982. UN POP tests were conducted to determine if these M24 wooden boxes were suitable to use for the shipment of M6 solid propellant. The M24 containers ... |
|
| S. G. Romanovskiy Method of Thermal Treatment and Drying of Nonconducting Materials (Description of an Invention for an Author's Certificate) |
06 NOV 92 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
S. G. Romanovskiy; FOREIGN AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER WRIGHT- PATTERSON AFB OH
|
|
| An Installation for Heat Treatment and Drying of Materials, which do not Conduct Electricity (Description of the Invention for an Author's Certificate 339735) |
06 AUG 92 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
S. G. Romanovskiy; FOREIGN AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER WRIGHT- PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| There are installations used for heat treatment and drying of materials, which do not conduct electricity, for example, wood, which contain a chamber with an electromagnetic winding fed by currents at industrial frequency and heat-producing elements, for example, made of ferromagnetic steels arranged between the layers of the material being dried. The purpose of the invention is to intensify the heat exchange and to reduce the cost. ANNOTATION: An Installation ... |
|
| Multi-Ply Paper Separator. |
08 OCT 1991 |
|
| Authors:
Bruce M. Windsor III; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This patent discloses an apparatus for separating continuous multiple ply paper manifolds into individual leaves of continuous fan-folded webs of paper. The apparatus comprises a housing for supporting the various components, a plurality of wire separators, and a paper drive mechanism for pulling webs of paper through the apparatus. The apparatus allows for efficient and rapid separation of the continuous manifold into individual webs without tearing or separating the individual ... |
|
| The Fruits of Adversity: Technical Refinements of the Turkish Composite Bow during the Crusading Era |
91 |
187 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard A. Boit; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
|
| Administration of the Federal Ban on Exports of Unprocessed Federal Timber |
20 MAR 90 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
|
| We present information on the implementation of the federal ban on exports of unprocessed federal timber. The current restrictions were established in 1973, when the Congress banned the export of unprocessed timber from federal lands in much of the western United States because of the adverse impact on the domestic wood-processing industry. Through regulations, however, timber- exporting companies have been allowed to maintain their historic export levels and to continue ... |
|
| Summary of Experimental Piling Inspections at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii |
DEC 89 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
David E. Pendleton; NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LAB PORT HUENEME CA
|
| Two hundred seventy-three treated Douglas-fir and southern pine piling were installed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii from 1963 to 1966 and periodically inspected to determine cross-sectional area loss caused by teredine, limnorian, and pholad marine borers. All piling treated with creosote and copper-nickel sheathing, chlordane, creosote and dieldrin, basic zinc sulfate, and most piling treated with an arsenical salt and creosote (dual treatment) have sustained little loss. Piling treated with phenylmercuric ... |
|
| Chemical Effects in Particulate Filtration. 1. The Size Range 0.1 - 0.3 Micrometers |
JUL 87 |
|
| Authors:
John R. Coleman; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
|
| Aerosols were prepared from sixteen materials, liquid and solid. These were used, over the size range 0.01-0.30 micrometers to challenge a standard filter paper. Penetration was nearly independent of the chemical nature of the aerosol in the size range 0.10-0.30 micrometer. Below of 0.10 micrometer, penetration varied widely from challenge to challenge. |
|
| Observations on Electrostatic Effects in a Filter Test System |
JUN 87 |
|
| Authors:
John R. Coleman; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
|
| The filter test system FTS 400 was used to examine a variety of filter papers, using sodium chloride and dioctylphthalate as aerosols challenges. In nearly every case of minimum in penetration was observed at particle size in the vicinity of 0.02 micrometers. In the same region NaC1 particles (but not DOP droplets) exhibited substantial in-line losses which could affect measured penetration results. Introduction of a radioactive neutralizer which removes most ... |
|
| Microbial Studies of Biofouling of Treated and Untreated Wood Pilings in the Marine Environment |
28 FEB 86 |
|
| Authors:
Rita R. Colwell; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY
|
| The role of marine microorganisms in facilitating attachment, invasions, and subsequent destination, viz., biofouling, of solid substrata, especially wood, in the marine environment was studied. Relationships between microorganisms, primarily bacteria, and invertebrate macroorganisms that bore into wood were also investigated. It was concluded that naphthalene enrichment of creosote retards biofouling of wood pilings during the first year of placement of the treated wood into tropical marine waters. After that, little ... |
|
| Steam-Injection Pressing of Isocyanate-Bonded Aspen Flakeboards, Latitudes and Limitations |
JUL 85 |
|
| Authors:
R. L. Geimer; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| Injection of steam into a flakeboard mat during pressing significantly reduces press times. One-half-inch-thick 0.640 specific gravity (SG) isocyanate-bonded aspen flakeboard can be cured in 60 seconds by injecting 99 Btu's of steam energy per pound (Btu/lb) of board. Press time may be reduced to 40 seconds when energy consumption is increased to 177 Btu/lb of board. Two- inch-thick 0.640 SG board can be pressed in 201 seconds with 185 ... |
|
| A Profile of Wood Use in Nonresidential Building Construction |
JUN 85 |
|
| Authors:
H. Spelter; R. G. Anderson; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| This report contains information on the recent status of wood-based building materials in nonresidential building construction and highlights some of the problems and opportunities wood manufacturers face. The first section covers information from the survey about characteristics of new nonresidential and nonhousekeeping building construction, such as floor area, regional distribution, and type of construction. The second provides detailed information on estimated wood use. The third presents estimates of wood use ... |
|
| Rate- and Duration-of-Load Behavior of Lab-Made Structural Flakeboards |
JUN 85 |
|
| Authors:
J. D. McNatt; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| Tests of structural use panels under different loading conditions provide basic information for establishing design stresses. This paper reports the effects of loading rate in tension and bending and of duration of load in tension on the properties of four lab-made structural flakeboards, (two of which had aligned flakes). The objective was to determine if these panels-made from larger, engineered flakes-behaved the same as commercial particleboards-made primarily from planer shavings ... |
|
| Empirical Equations for Estimating Drying Times of Thick Rotary-Cut Veneer in Press and Jet Dryers |
MAY 85 |
|
| Authors:
J. L. Tschernitz; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| This paper describes the use of empirical equations for the analytical correlation of the drying variables-time, temperature, green thickness, and moisture content-for drying southern pine and Douglas-fir thick- cut veneers in two dryer types. The author describes a method of fitting veneer drying data to an empirical equation of a form applicable to both jet and press drying for veneers 1/8 to 1/2 inch thick across a wide range of ... |
|
| Development of a Model for the Heat Release Rate of Wood. A Status Report |
MAY 85 |
|
| Authors:
W. J. Parker; NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR FIRE RESEARCH
|
| This report describes the status of the development of a method for predicting the heat release rate of wood for different thicknesses, moisture contents, and exposure conditions. A computer program has been set up on a microcomputer. Experimental techniques have been devised to obtain the input data required by the model. These include (1) the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature and percent loss, (2) the kinetic constants needed ... |
|
| FPL (Forest Products Laboratory) Design for Lumber Dry Kiln Using Solar/ Wood Energy in Tropical Latitudes |
APR 85 |
|
| Authors:
J. L. Tschernitz; W. T. Simpson; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| Developing countries with a timber resource that can be manufactured into finished products either for local use or export often lack the capital to build high-cost dry kilns. Many of these countries are in the tropics where solar radiation and ambient temperatures are high. The low-cost solar/wood energy lumber dry kiln described in this report was designed and tested by the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for such countries where solar ... |
|
| Evaluation of Mixed Hardwood Studs Manufactured by the Saw-Dry-Rip (SDR) Process |
MAR 85 |
|
| Authors:
R. R. Maeglin; R. S. Boone; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| In some areas, harvesting mixed hardwood species may be necessary to provide enough log volume to keep a hardwood stud mill in business. Basswood and red maple should make good studs and should be suitable for combination with yellow-poplar, paper birch, or other species shown to be good performers using the Saw-Dry-Rip (SDR) process. This study evaluates basswood, red maple, and black willow for making studs using SDR. Results show ... |
|
| A Microwave Method for Measuring Moisture Content, Density, and Grain Angle of Wood |
MAR 85 |
|
| Authors:
W. L. James; Y. H. Yen; R. J. King; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| The attenuation, phase shift and depolarization of a polarized 4.81- gigahertz wave as it is transmitted through a wood specimen can provide estimates of the moisture content (MC), density, and grain angle of the specimen. Calibrations are empirical, and computations are complicated, with considerable interaction between parameters. Measured dielectric parameters, however, correlate uniquely and repeatably with MC over a range of MC at least as great as 100 percent of ... |
|
| Reaction of Epoxides with Wood |
DEC 84 |
|
| Authors:
R. M. Rowell; W. D. Ellis; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| This report is a summary of an 8-year research program at the Forest Products Laboratory on chemical modification of wood with epoxides. Several species of wood were tested and the reactivity of many mono and difunctional epoxides was determined. The majority of the research concentrated on the reactions of propylene and butylene oxides catalyzed with triethylamine using southern pine. Low molecular weight epoxides react with wood cell wall polymer hydroxyl ... |
|
| Strength and Stiffness Analysis of Notched, Green Oak Pallet Stringers |
DEC 84 |
|
| Authors:
T. D. Gerhardt; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| Although 5.4 billion board feet of lumber was converted to 258 million pallets in 1980, design information for notched pallet stringers is limited. In this report, methodology is developed that determines stiffness and strength reductions caused by notches in pallet stringers. A finite element (FE) structural model is developed to model notched stringers. Displacement and stress predictions agree well with experimental measurements. The author derived closed form equations that approximate ... |
|
| Structural Fire Design: Wood |
OCT 1984 |
|
| Authors:
E. L. Schaffer; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| Analytical procedures to predict the fire endurance of structural wood members have been developed worldwide. This research is reviewed for capability to predict the results of tests in North America and what considerations are necessary to apply the information here. Critical research needs suggested include: (1) Investigation of load levels used in reported tests, and parameters in analyses, for application to North American practice; (2) the effect of lumber grade ... |
|
| The Influence of Moisture Content on the Flexural Properties of Southern Pine Dimension Lumber |
OCT 1984 |
|
| Authors:
T. E. McLain; A. L. DeBonis; D. W. Green; F. J. Wilson; C. L. Link; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| Based on the study results we conclude that: (1) In general, drying increases the flexural properties of Southern Pine dimension lumber. (2) Improvements in Moduli of Rupture (MOR) and Moduli of Elasticity (MOE) with drying are significant for Select Structural lumber at virtually all levels of the cumulative frequency distribution. The magnitude of the increase for mean MOE and fifth percentile MOR for Select Structural lumber appears to exceed that ... |
|
| Marine Exposure of Preservative-Treated Small Wood Panels |
OCT 1984 |
|
| Authors:
B. R. Johnson; D. I. Gutzmer; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| Small wood panels treated with many different chemicals have been exposed to limnorian and teredine marine borers in the sea at Key West, Florida. These preservatives and treatments include creosotes with and without modification, waterborne salts, salt-creosote dual treatments, chemical modifications of wood, and modified polymers. In spite of the accelerated nature of this test, many treated panels remain free of attack after 13-1/2 years in the sea. Untreated panels ... |
|
| How Some Test Variables Affect Bending, Tension, and Compression Values for Particle Panel Products |
JUL 1984 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
J. D. McNatt; M. J. Superfesky; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| Three different particle panel products-particleboard, waferboard, and alined flakeboard (lab-made)--were tested in bending, tension, and compression to evaluate the effects of various test conditions and specimen sizes on strength and stiffness. Standard ASTM-size bending specimens were loaded at midspan or at the quarter points. There were no substantial differences between the two loading methods in average modulus of rupture or modulus of elasticity (MOE) values obtained for any of the ... |
|
| Trends in the Production and Consumption of Major Forest Products in the United States |
JUL 1984 |
|
| Authors:
D. B. McKeever; C. A. Hatfield; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| This report presents statistical information in tables and graphs on past trends in the production, consumption, and foreign trade of forest products in the United States. It follows the flow of wood through the U.S. economy from the Nation's forests, through the primary and secondary wood-processing industries, to the final end uses. (Author) |
|
| Dimension Yields from Yellow-Poplar Lumber |
JUN 1984 |
|
| Authors:
R. C. Gilmore; S. J. Hanover; J. D. Danielson; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| The available supply of yellow-poplar(Liriodendron tulipifera L.), its potential for new uses, and its continuing importance to the furniture industry have created a need to accumulate additional information about this species. As an aid to better utilization of this species, charts for determining cutting stock yields from yellow-poplar lumber are presented for each of the five top grades. Adjustment charts present the changes for specified width cuttings, also by grade. ... |
|
| Trends in the Production and Consumption of Major Forest Products in the United States. Charts for Use in Classes and Meetings |
JUN 1984 |
|
| Authors:
D. B. McKeever; C. A. Hatfield; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
|
| This report presents 124 charts (figs. 1-124) of statistical information on past trends in the production, consumption, and foreign trade of forest products in the United States. The intent is to provide charts for use in classes or meetings by anyone interested in communicating this information, such as teachers, industry personnel, or state and federal resource managers. The large format of the charts makes them suitable for use with opaque ... |
|
| Preparation of Paper Containing Activated Carbon |
JUN 1984 |
|
| Authors:
J. K. Dix; J. A. Wheat; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
|
| Paper containing activated charcoal has been produced by dispersing finely-ground charcoal in water along with dispersing agents and adding the mixture to the paper stock before forming the paper. This paper has been produced both as handsheets and on pilot-scale paper machine. Optimization of properties such as strength, retention of charcoal in the paper and adsorption capacity is being studied. Charcoal paper could be used as curtains in a contamination ... |
|
| Purdue Plane Structures Analyzer II. A Computerized Wood Engineering System. 1983 Version |
MAY 1984 |
|
| Authors:
S. K. Suddarth; R. W. Wolfe; FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WI
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| The Purdue Plane Structures Analyzer (PPSA) is a computer program developed specifically for the analysis of wood structures. It uses recognized analysis procedures, in conjunction with recommendations of the 1982 National Design Specification for Wood Construction, to determine stresses and deflections of wood trusses and frames. The program offers several options for the analysis of member capacity, depending on lateral support conditions, strength property variations, and critical load assumptions. Tabulated ... |
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Wood, Paper and Related Forestry Products
