| Testing of Ahura's FirstDefender Handheld Chemical Identifier Against Toxic Industrial Chemicals |
DEC 2006 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Robin L. Matthews; Terri L. Longworth; Kwok Y. Ong; Leyun Zhu; Christopher D. Brown; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
 | The handheld Raman spectrometer for point detection of chemicals developed by Ahura Corporation was tested using toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). This report reflects extended capabilities of TRI Report #200601131. The device was assessed for its capacity to detect and identity liquid and solid substances/mixtures through sealed glass containers (clear and amber) in a completely non-contact non-destructive manner. The following TICs were tested: acetone, acetone cyanohydrin, acrolein, acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol, benzene, ... |
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| Mathematical Modeling of Physical and Cognitive Performance Decrement from Mechanical and Inhalation Insults |
DEC 2006 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
James H. Stuhmiller; Lucy Bykanova; Philemon Chan; Xinglai Dang; Adam Fournier; Diane W. Long; Zi Lu; Paul Masiello; Laurel Ng; Eugene Niu; TITAN CORP SAN DIEGO CA
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| This report summarizes the first year of a 5-year program to develop physiologically and biomechanically based mathematical models that will allow the estimation of physical and cognitive performance decrements from blunt trauma and inhalation insult. The main objectives of this research effort are as follows: (1) to develop advanced lung models that include multi-scale mechanical, anatomical, functional, and patho-physiological components to predict the acute trauma and performance decrement due to ... |
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| Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine and Childhood Asthma: Role of Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptors, Neuropeptides and Fibronectin Expression in Lung |
DEC 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jesse Roman; EMORY UNIV ATLANTA GA
|
| Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by airway dysfunction. Of the many factors implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, a strong association exists between prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This is particularly true in infancy and in childhood where ETS exposure is associated with a higher incidence or prevalence of asthma, and with measures of decreased flow in the airways, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and increased respiratory ... |
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| Rational Design of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Against Botulinum Neurotoxin |
DEC 2006 |
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| Authors:
N. W. Chan; Y. Wang; C. C. Tenn; Ten Weiss; J. R. Hancock; C. L. Chenler; W. E. Lee; T. Dickinson-Laing; J. Yin; M. G. Gebremedhin; D. C. Mah; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUFFIELD (ALBERTA)
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 | In September 2006, several cases of botulinum poisoning were reported in United States and Canada due to consumption of commercial organic carrot juice. This incident led to the hospitalization of several individuals who received intensive ventilator support. In spite of botulinum neurotoxin being the most poisonous material, little is known about its mechanism of binding, effective drugs are lacking, and correct diagnosis of botulinum poisoning is slow. Fast and accurate ... |
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| Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking Water: Regulatory Issues and Legislative Actions |
29 NOV 2006 |
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| Authors:
Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Perchlorate is the explosive component of solid rocket fuel, fireworks, road flares, and other products. Used mainly by the Department of Defense (DoD) and related industries, perchlorate also occurs naturally and is present in organic nitrate fertilizer from Chile. This very soluble, persistent compound has been disposed of in the ground for decades and has been detected in sources of drinking water for more than 11 million people. It also ... |
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| Development of a PBPK Model for JP-8 |
15 NOV 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff Fisher; Michael Bartlett; Shonetta D. Gregg; GEORGIA UNIV ATHENS
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| The overarching goal of this research project was to develop a mathematical dosimetry model for aerosolized JP-8 to better understand human exposure to inhaled JP-8. The JP-8 dosimetry model could then be used to determine human health risks from exposure to JP-8. For the first time, individual hydrocarbon data were collected to characterize the atmospheric exposures and dosimetry for laboratory animals exposed to vaporized or aerosolized JP-8. Both chamber atmosphere ... |
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| Metabolic and Toxicological Networks |
01-Nov-2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Ed Perkins; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| Presentation on metabolic and toxicological networks and using systems to predict the impact of the Army on animals in the environment. |
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| Evaluation of the Performance of Iodine-Treated Biocide Filters Challenged with Bacterial Spores and Viruses |
NOV 2006 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Jin-Hwa Lee; Chang-Yu Wu; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES
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| Filter media coated with a cationic resin in triiodide form were challenged by Bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 bacteriophage aerosols delivered from a Collison nebulizer through air at 35% RH and 23 C at 14.2 cm/s face velocity. Bacteria were classified and collected in a 6-stage Andersen impactor; serially connected AGI-30 impingers were used in phage experiments. Average bacterial removal efficiency was 99.9991% for untreated (UM) and 99.9994% for treated ... |
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| Identification and Characterization of Ovarian Carcinoma Peptide Epitopes Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes |
NOV 2006 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin T. Hogan; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE
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| The purpose of the research is to identify new ovarian cancer tumor antigens that can be used in the immunotherapeutic treatment of ovarian cancer. The scope of this work involves (1) identifying the peptide antigens recognized by ovarian reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by using an antigen-unbiased mass spectrometric approach to antigen identification; and (2) identify peptide antigens within the Her-2/neu folate binding protein (FBP) and TAG proteins that give ... |
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| A Fully-Integrated MEMS Preconcentrator for Rapid Gas Sampling (Preprint) |
NOV 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Byunghoon Bae; Junghoon Yeom; Adarsh D. Radadia; Richard I. Masel; Mark A. Shannon; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN DEPT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING
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| A new type of fully integrated MEMS preconcentrator has been fabricated and tested as a front end for a flame ionization detector (FID). A 1 microliter preconcentrator filled with PEI-coated microposts is integrated with fast microvalves (response time < 50 microsecs) and a resistive microheater (ramping to 200C in 0.5 second). The integrated preconcentrator can sample a cubic centimeter of gas in 0.2 second at 50 kPa, adsorb targeted species, ... |
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| Detection of Organophosphorus Compounds by Covalently Immobilized Organophosphorus Hydrolase |
01 OCT 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jhony Orbulescu; Vipin K. Rastogi; Celeste A. Constantine; Saumil S. Shah; Joseph J. Defrank; Roger M. Leblanc; MIAMI UNIV CORAL GABLES FL
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| As a consequence of organophosphorus (OP) toxins posing a threat to human life globally, organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) has become the enzyme of choice to detoxify such compounds. Organophosphorus hydrolase was covalently immobilized onto a quartz substrate for utilization in paraoxon detection. The substrate was cleaned and modified prior to chemical attachment. Each modification step was monitored by imaging ellipsometry as the thickness increased with each modification step. The chemically attached ... |
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| A Pilot Study of the Effects of Post-Hurricane Katrina Floodwater Pumping on the Chemistry and Toxicity of Violet Marsh Sediments |
OCT 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Burton C. Suedel; Jeffery A. Steevens; David E. Splichal; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET) is investigating the environmental impacts of the future of the hurricane protection system around New Orleans, Louisiana, during Hurricane Katrina. The study is needed to determine the extent to which Katrina floodwaters in the New Orleans area may have impacted wildlife habitat and other biological resources iii surrounding areas. This technical note presents preliminary data regarding the effects of pumped floodwaters on sediment ... |
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| A Brief Analysis of Pre-service Drug Abuse Waiver Attrition |
OCT 2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
L. A. Jones; Geoffrey E. Fedak; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY MILLINGTON TN
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| Drug attrition data acquired by PERS-6 were analyzed at Navy Personnel Research, Studies, and Technology (NPRST/PERS-1). These data were merged with May 2005 Enlisted Master File (EMF) data to determine those applicants for Navy enlistment who had positive drug tests while processing for enlistment at MEPS and were subsequently enlisted with a drug waiver. Additionally, trend analysis of this cohort of Sailors was performed for enlistment years 2000 through 2004. ... |
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| Generation, Sampling, and Analysis for Low-Level GF (Cyclo-Sarin) Vapor for Inhalation Toxicology Studies |
OCT 2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Muse William T.; Sandra A. Thomson; Charles L. Crouse; Kathy L. Matson; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The generation, sampling, and analysis system used for low-level GB inhalation studies was modified to test the nerve agent GF. A saturator cell used in conjunction with an inhalation chamber generated low level OF vapor at concentrations ranging from 0.004 - 0.05 mg/cu m. Additional testing with a syringe drive spray atomization system generated OF vapor concentrations from 0.7 - 2 mg/cu m. This capability was important to determine sub-lethal ... |
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| Carcinogenicity and Immunotoxicity of Embedded Depleted Uranium and Heavy-Metal Tungsten Alloy in Rodents |
OCT 2006 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Kalinich; Alexandra C. Miller; David E. McClain; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
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| This study investigated the carcinogenic and immunotoxic potential of embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) and a heavy-metal tungsten alloy (WA) consisting of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt. Male Fisher 344 rats were surgically implanted with pellets of DU, WA, tantalum (inert metal, negative control), or nickel (known carcinogen, positive control). Implanted WA resulted in the rapid formation of tumors, identified as rhabdomyosarcomas, surrounding the pellets. These tumors had, within the ... |
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| Advances in Biotechnology and the Biosciences for Warfighter Performance and Protection: Anti-Aptamers for Revenom |
OCT 2006 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
George W. Irving; Amanda J. Tijerina; Mark Sloan; CONCEPTUAL MINDWORKS INC SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| This effort was focused on developing a novel, aptamer-based antivenin for treatment of envenomation by the Kurdistan Viper (Vipera raddei kurdistanica). The research was conducted to provide evidence to prove whether a synthetic, aptamer-based antivenin could be developed to treat snake envenomations in humans. Using PLA2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom as a simulant of the Kurdistan viper venom, two tissue culture cell lines were examined and developed for in ... |
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| Carcinogenicity and Immunotoxicity of Embedded Depleted Uranium and Heavy-Metal Tungsten Alloy in Rodents |
OCT 2006 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Kalinich; Alexandra C. Miller; David E. McClain; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| This study investigated the carcinogenic and immunotoxic potential of embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) and a heavy-metal tungsten alloy (WA) consisting of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt. Male Fisher 344 rats were surgically implanted with pellets of DU, WA, tantalum (inert metal, negative control), or nickel (known carcinogen, positive control). Implanted WA resulted in the rapid formation of tumors, identified as rhabdomyosarcomas, surrounding the pellets. These tumors had, within the ... |
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| A Model DoD Systems Approach for Tobacco Cessation |
OCT 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Harry Lando; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
|
| Military personnel have a smoking rate of approximately 30%, and recent evidence indicates that this rate is no longer decreasing. Given the costs of smoking in terms of health care expenditures and decreased troop readiness, more must be done to decrease smoking in the military. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate whether implementation of a specialized intervention program based on the recommendations of the DoD Tobacco Cessation ... |
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| Effect of Nanoparticles on Complement System in Cell Culture Model |
15 SEP 2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Dariusz T. Sladowski; MEDICAL UNIV OF WARSAW (POLAND)
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| The research focused on complement activation by nanoparticles which have been already tested in cell culture by AFRL/HEPB Identification of complement activation pathways was carried out by evaluation of the concentration of pathway specific complement split products generated during human plasma exposure to nanoparticles, Measurements were performed using assay kits supplied by QUIDEL Corporation San Diego California, Different sizes of nanoparticles such as silver (Ag; 151,000 nm) molybdenum (MoO3; 30 ... |
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| Chemical Facility Preparedness: A Comprehensive Approach |
SEP 2006 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Pennington; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
|
| Across the country thousands of facilities use, manufacture, or store large stockpiles of toxic and/or flammable substances. Many sites are clustered together in densely populated areas. If terrorists cause catastrophic chemical releases or explosions at these key facilities, large numbers of Americans will be put at risk of injury or death. Such attacks may also have a devastating impact on the U.S. economy. Surprisingly, in light of these risks most ... |
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| Low-Level Sarin (GB) Vapor Exposure in the Gottingen Minipig: Effect of Exposure Concentration and Duration on Pupil Size |
SEP 2006 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley W. Hulet; Douglas R. Sommerville; Bernard J. Benton; Jeffry S. Forster; Jacqueline A. Scotto; William T. Muse; Ronald B. Crosier; Sharon A. Reutter; Robert J. Mioduszewski; Sandra A. Thomson; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| One of the goals of this study was to determine the lowest sarin (GB) vapor concentration of physiological significance. During the whole body exposure to GB vapor of a living species, the first noticeable effect is constriction of the pupil (miosis). The Gottingen minipig was chosen as a model for studying the effects of GB vapor because of the anatomical and physiological similarities between humans and minipigs. The minipigs were ... |
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| Mechanism for Prenatal LPS-Induced DA Neuron Loss |
SEP 2006 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
Paul M. Carvey; RUSH UNIV MEDICAL CENTER CHICAGO IL
|
| In nonfamilial Parkinson's Disease (PD) the etiologies of the majority of patients are still unknown. However, recent advances by the authors suggest that prenatal exposure to the bacterial toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be an important etiology for some PD patients. A key finding is that animals exposed to LPS prenatally display fewer than the normal number of dopamine (DA) neurons in the midbrain, the hallmark of PD pathology in human ... |
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| Mechanisms of alpha-Synuclein Aggregation and Toxicity |
SEP 2006 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin Wolozin; BOSTON UNIV MA
|
| Alpha-synuclein is a protein implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this proposal is to study the regulation of synuclein aggregation by metals, the interaction of synuclein with other proteins associated with its pathophysiology and the effects of aggregated alpha-synuclein on the function of neuronal mitochondria. During the current year, we have studied the regulation of synuclein aggregation and toxicity in vitro. We examined the response of ... |
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| Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System |
AUG 2006 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Scott Kooistra; John Walter; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), with support from the U.S. Army client organizations and funding from U.S. Army Science and Technology Objective (STO) IV.ME.2004.03, is developing an Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system to provide rapid toxicity identification for a broad spectrum of chemicals in water. A critical initial phase of the STO is to test and evaluate toxicity sensor technologies (also called ESB system technologies). Because ... |
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| Toxicity of a New Polynitramine Energetic Material, CL-20, to the Enchytraeid Worm, Enchytraeus Crypticus, in a Sandy Loam Soil |
AUG 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Roman G. Kuperman; Ronald T. Checkai; Michael Simini; Carlton T. Phillips; J. S. Anthony; Jan E. Kolakowski; Carl W. Kurnas; Emily A. Davis; DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING ARLINGTON VA STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
|
| In this report, the toxicity of polynitramine energetic material, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), to the soil invertebrate species, Enchytraeus crypticus, was investigated using the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test. The study was designed to develop eco-toxicological benchmark values for the ecological risk assessment of the potential impacts of the accidental release of this compound into the environment. Tests were conducted in Sassafras Sandy Loam soil, which supports the relatively high bio-availability of CL-20. Weathering ... |
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| A System for Discovering Bioengineered Threats by Knowledge Base Driven Mining of Toxin Data |
AUG 2006 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
S. Swaminathan; BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LAB UPTON NY
|
| This project was funded to establish a Toxin Knowledge Base (TKB) which will encompass information about bacterial toxins in general and toxins relevant to biodefense, in particular. The overall goal of this project is to establish an easy to use database viz. a Knowledge Base to populate itself and expand using machine learning techniques, to make it more dynamic. It is designed to be a bioinformatics resource focused on molecular ... |
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| Examination of Potential Anti-Tumor Activity of N-Thiolated b-Lactam Antibiotics in Nude Mice Bearing Human Breast Tumors |
AUG 2006 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Q. P. Dou; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI
|
| Activation of the cellular apoptotic program is a current strategy for the prevention and treatment of human cancer including breast cancer. Because of the ease of synthesis and structural manipulation, small molecules with apoptosis-inducing ability have great potential to be developed into chemotherapeutic drugs. The beta-lactam antibiotics have for the past 60 years played an essential role in treating bacterial infections without causing toxic side effects in the host. We ... |
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| An Electrochemiluminescence-Based Competitive Displacement Immunossay for the Type-2 Brevetoxius in Oyster Extracts |
24 JUL 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Poli; Victor R. Rivera; Dwayne D. Neal; Daniel G. Baden; Shawn A. Messer; Steven M. Plakas; Robert W. Dickey; Kathleen E. Said; Leanne Flewelling; David Green; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| A new competitive electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay for the type-2 brevetoxins in oyster extracts was developed. The assay was verified by spiking known amounts of PbTx-3 into 80% methanol extracts of Gulf Coast oysters. We also provide preliminary data demonstrating that 100% acetone extracts, aqueous homogenates, and the clinical matrixes urine and serum can also be analyzed without significant matrix interferences. The assay offers the advantages of speed (2 h analysis time); ... |
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| Standardization of the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-Carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium, Inner Salt (MTS) Assay for the SK-N-SH, KYSE-30, MCF-7, and HeLa Cell Lines |
JUL 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer G. Catalano; James J. Valdes; Darrel Menking; Kyle Hubbard; Averell L. Gnatt; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE
|
| One common way to examine toxicity in vitro is to measure the effect on cell viability. In one such assay, the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3 -carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt MTS reagent is bioreduced to a formazan product in living cells. Various cell lines may have differing abilities to reduce MTS; therefore, standardization should be carried out for each one. To optimize the assay, the toxicity of MTS, the linear range for signal versus ... |
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| Jet Fuel Exposure and Neurological Health in Military Personnel |
JUL 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Susan P. Proctor; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| Jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) has recently been recognized by the Department of Defense as the single largest chemical exposure for its personnel. The primary aim of this project is to conduct an epidemiological field study to examine the relationship between JP-8 fuel exposure and adverse neurological outcomes in military personnel working in a cold climate environment. The research objectives include the following: (1) determination of the individual service member's ... |
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| The Role of a Novel Topological Form of the Prion Protein in Prion Disease |
JUL 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Richard S. Stewart; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO
|
| Most(but not all) cases of prion disease are associated with a conformationally altered form of the prion protein (PrP) known as PrPSc. Several lines of evidence indicate that while PrpSc is the infectious molecule, it may not be the proximate cause of toxicity in prion disease. Several other candidates for such a toxic species have been proposed, including an altered topological form of PrP known as CtmPrP. Lines of transgenic ... |
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| Dynamic Energy Budgets and Bioaccumulation: A Model for Marine Mammals and Marine Mammal Populations |
JUN 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Tin Klanjscek; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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| Energy intake of individuals affects growth of organisms and, therefore, populations. Persistent lipophilic toxicants acquired with the energy can bioaccumulate and harm individuals. Marine mammals are particularly vulnerable because of their large energy requirements, and transfer of energy and toxicants from mothers to their young during gestation and lactation. Dynamic energy budget (DEB) models for energy assimilation and utilization, coupled with pharmacokinetic models that calculate distribution of toxicants in individuals, ... |
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| Post-Service Mortality of Air Force Veterans Occupationally Exposed to Herbicides during the Vietnam War |
JUN 2006 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Norma S. Ketchum; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/DIRECTED ENERGY BIOEFFECTS DIV
|
| The Air Force Health Study (AFHS) is a prospective epidemiological study of the health, mortality, and reproductive outcomes of veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for aerially spraying herbicides in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. The study began in 1982 and concludes in 2006. This report updates the authors' mortality findings published in 2005 (deaths through December, 1999) by summarizing current all-cause and cause-specific post-service mortality in veterans ... |
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| Integrated Formulation, Testing and Analysis Program for Trans Sodium Crocetinate (TSC) |
05 MAY 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
David G. Kalergis; DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS LLC CHARLOTTESVILLE VA
|
| The purpose of the research under this contract is to support the transition of the novel drug trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) from pre-clinical to clinical use, especially as to advanced drug formulation, stability testing and chemical characterization and data documentation and analysis tasks required by the U.S. FDA. TSC was invented at the University of Virginia by Professor John Gainer, who has received funding from the Office of Naval Research ... |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated KM03 Red Phosphorus Floating Smoke Pot |
MAY 2006 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Emily A. Davis; Mark V. Haley; David A. McCaskey; Robert L. Kristovich; Charles L. Crouse; Kathy L. Matson; Steven D. Turley; Dennis T. Burton; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The United States Marine Corps Floating Smoke Pot (FSP) MK 7 MOD 0 Program was established to redesign the previously fielded M4A2 Hexachioroethane (HC) Smoke Pot. Although the HC pots were extremely effective as an obscurant, there were safety concerns from a manufacturing and an operational perspective. Red phosphorous (RP) has been widely used in screening applications and was chosen as a replacement for the smoke payload. The smoke payload ... |
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| Storm Water Toxicity Evaluation Conducted at Naval Station San Diego, Naval Submarine Base San Diego, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, and Naval Air Station North Island |
MAY 2006 |
715 pages |
| Authors:
C. Katz; G. Rosen; E. Arias; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| This report describes results of a study to evaluate the toxicity of industrial storm water discharges from U.S. Navy facilities bordering San Diego Bay. The study was conducted to support a request from the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board to develop a scientifically based acute toxicity threshold for industrial storm water discharges that can be applied to National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. Current NPDES storm water ... |
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| Population Health Trial for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation With Military Personnel |
MAY 2006 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
OREGON RESEARCH INST EUGENE
|
| While smoking cessation has received considerable attention within the military the use of smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco and snuff) has not been a focus of medical services or research. Epidemiological data suggest that while smoking has continued to decline both in the general population and within the military the use of smokeless tobacco products has increased. The primary objective of this research is to develop and evaluate an intervention for ... |
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| Comparison of Pilot Medical History and Medications Found In Postmortem Specimens |
MAY 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis V. Canfield; Guillermo J. Salazar; Russell J. Lewis; James E. Whinnery; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Pilots are required by FAA regulations to report all medications and medical conditions to the FAA Office of Aerospace Medicine for review as to the overall suitability of the pilot for flight activities. Following a fatal aviation accident, specimens from deceased pilots are collected by local pathologists and sent to the Bioaeronautical Sciences Research Laboratory (BSRL) for toxicological analysis. The results of such tests are entered into the BSRL Forensic ... |
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| Development of an Integrated Toxicity Assessment System for use in Operational Deployment and Materials Development |
MAY 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin T. Geiss; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY BRANCH
|
| Rapid assessment of chemical hazards and potential toxicity are serious concerns for the modern battle field commander before and following deployment. Whether it is considered during the design and development of a weapon system, or in the fielding of that system, the effects of chemicals used in operational setting have the potential to cause mission degradation, morbidity and mortality. In addition to NBC concerns, there are issues in many current ... |
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| Cerebral Acetylcholine and Choline Contents and Turnover Following Low-Dose Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment in Rats |
May-2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Wei Sun; Tsung-Ming Shih; Oscar U Scremin; Margareth Roch; Ly Huynh; Donald J Jenden; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Rats were treated for three weeks with regular drinking water plus subcutaneous (sc) saline (0.5 ml/kg) injections three times/week; pyridostigmine bromide (PB) in drinking water (80 mg/L) plus sc saline injections three times/week; regular drinking water plus sc sarin (0.5 x LD50) injections three times/week; or PB in drinking water plus sc sarin injections three times/week. Repeated doses of sarin, with or without PB, were devoid of acute toxicity during ... |
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| Neuronal Death Following Soman Intoxication: Necrosis or Apoptosis? |
May-2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Tracey A Hamilton; Gerald P Ballough; Robert K Kan; Denise M Fath; Christina P Tompkins; Margaret G Filbert; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| We investigated the temporal progression of apoptotic cell death in the rat piriform cortex after soman intoxication. At various time intervals after seizure onset, animals were euthanized. Brain sections were stained with microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), Fluoro- Jade B (FJ-B) and in situ oligo ligation (ISOL). MAP-2 immunoreactivity was markedly decreased at 12 hr and 24 hr. FJ-B staining was evident as early as 1 hour after onset of seizures. ... |
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| Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins: c-Fos Protein Expression in the Brain of Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus |
21 APR 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
J. D. Salierno; N. S. Snyder; A. Z. Murphy; M. Poli; S. Hall; D. Baden; A. S. Kane; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The immediate early gene c-fos, and its protein product c-Fos, are known to be induced in neurons of mammals and fish as a result of neuronal stimulation. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine CNS alterations in killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, in relation to harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxin exposure. c-Fos expression was visualized using immunocytochemistry in the brains of killifish exposed to the excitatory neurotoxins domoic acid (DA) ... |
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| Generation Sampling and Analysis for Low-Level GB (SARIN) Vapor for Inhalation Toxicology Studies |
APR 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Muse William T.; Sandra A. Thomson; Kathy L. Matson; Charles L. Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This study tested and optimized various methodologies to generate, sample, and characterize sarin (GB) test atmospheres in an inhalation chamber, particularly at low-vapor levels. A syringe drive/spray atomization system produced GB vapor at lethal concentrations of 1-44 mg/m3. A saturator cell was used to generate GB vapor at sub-lethal concentrations from 1 mg/m down to very low GB levels approaching the TLV-TWA of 0.0001 mg/m3. Both generation techniques demonstrated the ... |
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| Targeted Eradication of Prostate Cancer Mediated by Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
APR 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Yan Cui; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV NEW ORLEANS
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| Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in North America mostly due to a high incidence of cancer cell spreading to bones (metastasis) which is incurable by any currently used regimens. Our long-range goal is to develop an innovative non-invasive approach to reach those metastatic prostate cancer cells via tumor interacting stromal cells and eliminate them on-site through cytotoxic gene delivery. This will be achieved ... |
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| Neurotoxicity From Chronic Exposure to Depleted Uranium |
APR 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M. Lasley; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
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| This project is designed to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to depleted uranium (DU) impairs neuronal processes underlying cognitive function via alterations induced at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. Evidence has been uncovered that suggests a direct effect of uranium to diminish stimulated hippocampal glutamate release which may account for the reported decrease in neuronal excitability (3). However other findings indicate that long-term DU exposure may also inhibit glial glutamate and ... |
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| Rapid Detection of Clostridium botulinum Toxins A, B, E, and F in Clinical Samples, Selected Food Matrices, and Buffer Using Paramagnetic Bead-Based Electrochemiluminescence Detection |
20 MAR 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Victor R. Rivera; Frank J. Gamez; William K. Keener; Jill A. White; Mark A. Poli; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
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| Sensitive and specific electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays were used to detect Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins serotypes A, B, E, and F in undiluted human serum, undiluted human urine, assay buffer, and selected food matrices (whole milk, apple juice, ground beef, pastry, and raw eggs). These novel assays used paramagnetic bead-based electrochemiluminescent technology in which biotinylated serotype-specific antibodies were bound to streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. The beads acted as the solid support and captured ... |
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| Toward High Magnetic Moment, Controlled-Size, Blood Dispersible Nanoparticles: An Enabling Technology for Biomagnetics Interfacing Concepts |
02 MAR 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Judy S. Riffle; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| We have developed a productive alliance with Drs. Kaminski and Mertz from the Argonne National Laboratories and with Dr. Rosengart from the University of Chicago, who have designed a unique, portable, blood detoxification device with the goal of magnetically filtering undesirable components from the blood stream. Our group has supported their DARPA-AFOSR project entitled Biohazard Detoxification Method Utilizing Magnetic Particles by providing materials and materials guidance. Our focus during the ... |
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| In Vitro Toxicity of Aluminum Nanoparticles in Rat Alveolar Macrophages |
MAR 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Wagner; Charles Bleckmann; E. England; Krista Hess Saber /Hussain; John J. Schlager; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
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| The purpose of this research was to investigate and characterize the in vitro cellular effects of exposing rat lung macrophages to aluminum oxide nanoparticles (30 and 40nm average size) compared to aluminum metal nanoparticles (50, 80, and 120nm). This study used toxicity endpoints involving cell viability, mitochondrial function, phagocytotic ability, and inflammatory response. Results indicated none to minimal toxicological effects occurred with exposure of macrophages as high as 500 microg/ml ... |
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| In Vitro Toxicity of Aluminum Nanoparticles in Rat Alveolar Macrophages |
MAR 2006 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J. Wagner; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| The purpose of this research is to characterize the in vitro cellular effects of rat lung macrophages to exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NP) (30 and 40nm) compared to aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NP) (50, 80, and 120nm). This study concentrates on cell viability, mitochondrial function, phagocytosis ability, and cytokine response. Results indicate no to minimal toxicological effects on macrophages exposed as high as 500 μg/ml for 24 hours with Al2O3-NP. However, ... |
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| Targeting Breast Cancer Vasculature |
MAR 2006 |
143 pages |
| Authors:
Erkki Ruoslahti; BURNHAM INST LA JOLLA CA
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| The purpose of our project is to develop ways of reducing the toxic side effects that's limit the usefulness of many of the existing anti-cancer drugs. The approach is to develop a strategy for physically concentrating therapeutic agents in tumor tissue. Our strategy makes use of unique features of tumor vasculature. We screen libraries of peptides displayed on phage in vivo to profile the specialization of breast cancer vasculature. We ... |
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Toxicology
