Aviation: Antiaircraft Defense Systems

Italian INDIGO Missile for Antiaircraft Defense at Low Altitude -- on Land and at Sea (INDIGO, Missile Italiano per la Difesa C.A. A Bassa Quota a Terra e a Bordo).

01 SEP 1976

Authors: NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT CENTER WASHINGTON D C TRANSLATION DIV

The full text of this report is not available and therefore is not for sale. This information is provided for reference purposes only.

Several nations have developed types of missiles suitable for defense at low altitude. Among those is Italy, which has developed several interesting systems, the ALBATROS, which has already been adopted by the Navy, the INDIGO, which we will now describe, and the SPADA. The development of the INDIGO was promoted by the Ministry of Defense in order to resolve, in accordance with the specifications established by NATO, the problem of ...

Stereographic Projection in the Joint Surveillance System

SEP 1976

Authors: C. H. Nordstrom; MITRE CORP BEDFORD MA

In air defense and air traffic control systems, data from the system radars are stereographically projected onto a common coordinate plane for presentation to system operators. The stereographic projection of radar data involves two steps; stereographic projection using slant range, azimuth and height information to obtain polar coordinates in a plane of projection centered at the radar site, and transformation of the radar coordinates into cartesian coordinates on a common ...

Executive Summary for the Preliminary Design Study of a Digitally Stabilized and Controlled Brassboard Director Type Fire Control System for the Product Improved Vulcan (II VADS).

AUG 1976

Authors: Robert S. Segal; FRANKFORD ARSENAL PHILADELPHIA PA

This report summarizes a preliminary design study to increase Vulcan Air Defense System effectiveness, via an improved digital fire control system. The fire control system under study employed a non-gyro computer stabilized sight, range only radar, digital computer and digital shaft encoder/tachometer sensors on the weapon systems gun and turret gimbals.

SPEARS, (System Performance Evaluation and Requirements Simulation): An AAW Performance Simulation.

09 JUN 1976

Authors: D. J. Kaplan; L. C. Davis; M. E. B. Owens; O. F. Forsyth; J. J. Penick; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON D C

This report is the documentation for a large-scale anti-air-warfare-oriented computer simulation model designated SPEARS (System Performance Evaluation and Requirements Simulation). The model is, to the greatest extent practicable, machine and installation independent. The number of defensive and offensive units it can handle is limited only by available core storage. There are numerous applications for the model. Task force runs may be used to establish the relative effectiveness of the defense ...

The Evolution of a Family of Air Defense Models (TACOS, A Historical Review),

JUN 1976

Authors: Charles E. Colvin; ARMY MISSILE COMMAND REDSTONE ARSENAL AL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OFF ICE

This document presents a historical review of the family of the Tactical Air Defense Computer Operational Simulation (TACOS) models that have been used or are now being utilized within the Army's air defense community. (Author)

Methodology for Computer-Generation of Lines of Constant Burst-Kill Probabilities (Footprints) for Gun Air Defense Systems (ISO-PK).

MAR 1976

Authors: Stuart Olson; Robert Williams; ARMY ARMAMENT COMMAND ROCK ISLAND ILL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE

An important tool for analyzing the relative effectiveness of gun air defense systems is a plot of lines of constant (ISO) probability of kill (PK) in the volume of space surrounding the planned deployment of the system; hence, the name ISO-PK. These plots are usually presented as two-dimensional sections taken at selected places in the volume. The lines of constant kill probability sometimes form eliptical traces and, perhaps, for this ...

Air Defense Analysis, The Influence of Parametric Variation on Effectiveness of a Short Range Air Defense System.

JAN 1976

Authors: Charles S. Hicks; ROCK ISLAND ARSENAL ILL GENERAL THOMAS J RODMAN LAB

A performance analysis of a generic 30mm air defense gun system was undertaken to determine what factors influence effectiveness of such a system. A computer model that produces contours of constant kill probability vs range was employed. The significant results and conclusions are as follows: (1) A new effectiveness measure called Weighted Kill Area (WKA) was developed. (2) Curves were produced showing the influence of parameter changes on effectiveness. (3) ...

Tradoc Bulletin 4: Soviet ZSU-23-4: Capabilities and Countermeasures

JAN 1976

45 pages

Authors: ARMY TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND FORTMONROE VA

The full text of this report is available for sale.

Since World War II, the range, accuracy and lethality of air defense weapons have increased dramatically. The antiaircraft weapons of 1945 were guns, some radar controlled. but all limited in range to about 10 km. In contrast. today an air defense complex in a forward divisional area is made up of gun and missile systems covering the battle area forward and behind the area of contains for as much as ...

The Need for Tracking System Capability Verification/Calibration.

12 AUG 1975

Authors: Eugene J. Pollock; AIR FORCE SPECIAL WEAPONS CENTER KIRTLAND AFB N MEX TEST AND EVALUATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM OFFICE

This report is concerned with the need for a capability to verify and calibrate all sorts of tracking systems.

The SHORAD Requirement of the Armored Cavalry Regiment.

06 JUN 1975

Authors: William F. Daugherty; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KANS

The problem addressed in this thesis is to determine the short range air defense (SHORAD) requirement of the armored cavalry regiment (ACR) against low altitude air attack. After maximizing the regiment's organic passive and active air defense measures, an air defense shortfall remains which requires a minimum of 12 Chaparral/Vulcan (C/V) platoons in view of current air defense doctrine. This requirement equates to a C/V battalion. Further analysis establishes that ...

ONRODA Warfare Scenario.

JUN 1975

Authors: J. R. Payne; J. V. Rowney; STANFORD RESEARCH INST MENLO PARK CALIF NAVAL WARFARE RESEARCH CENTER

The strike warfare scenario presented is purely hypothetical in description of a war between GREY and ORANGE in which BLUE intervenes. GREY is aligned with BLUE while ORANGE is aligned with RED. The purpose of this scenario development is to provide specific decision situations that are based on parameters describing credible forces, geography, environment, and other pertient factors. The scenario is meant to support the ONR Operational Decision Aids (ODA) ...

HITVAL System Scoring Test Report. Volume I. Test Results and Analysis.

MAY 1975

Authors: AIR FORCE SPECIAL WEAPONS CENTER KIRTLAND AFB NM

HITVAL is a joint Army/Air Force test program to acquire an empirical data base to determine hit probability of selected Soviet antiaircraft guns against US fixed and rotary wing aircraft. The data base will be used to determine the degree of validity of three DOD aircraft attrition models. A preliminary system scoring test was conducted to determine the accuracy of the gun instrumentation mounted on an S-60 gun, the 23-mm ...

Aerospace Defense Command Weapon System Evaluation Program Plan (WSEP).

01 JAN 1975

Authors: AEROSPACE DEFENSE COMMAND ENT AFB COLO

This plan is responsive to USAF Directive 74-5, Weapon System Evaluation Program. It implements the program within the Aerospace Defense Command, and provides detailed instructions for the conduct and operation of Phase II of the program. Phase II is the live firing evaluation program conducted at Tyndall AFB, Florida under the nickname COMBAT PIKE. The conduct of Phase II is the primary subject of this plan.

Parametric Analysis of an Advanced Manned Interceptor Utilization.

JAN 1975

Authors: Norman A. Hirsch; AIR FORCE AERO PROPULSION LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO

This report parametrically reviews the interceptor and patrol aircraft requirements to adequately defend the CONUS against penetrating aircraft with a stand off missile; and subsequently reviews the interceptor and patrol aircraft requirements to assure patrol aircraft survivability against the same penetrating aircraft with an air-to-air missile. In the first situation, the only consideration is CONUS defense without regard for patrol aircraft survivability, while the latter considered both CONUS defense and ...

Engineering Design for ADDS. Volume 1. Technical. Part A.

1975

Authors: R. T. Goe; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP CANOGA PARK CALIF ROCKETDYNE DIV

The ADDS Chemical Laser system provides an output beam of 420 kW with a telescope aperture of 1 meter. With a wavelength of 3.8 microns (based on DF lasing), the ADDS is capable of providing effective power-on-target at near-maximum range for each of the defined missions. System mission effectiveness is described in detail.

Engineering Design for ADDS. Volume 1. Technical. Part B.

1975

Authors: R. T. Goe; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP CANOGA PARK CALIF ROCKETDYNE DIV

Contents: Fluid Supply System; Beam Director System; Auxiliary Subsystem; Ground Support Equipment; and System Safety, Maintenance, Reliability, and Logistics.

Analysis of Tilt Data of Antiaircraft Gun Mounts from HITVAL Field Test,

DEC 1974

Authors: J. A. Ross; A. J. Pemberton; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ARLINGTON VA SYSTEMS EVALUATION DIV

The object of the HITVAL program is to verify the validity (or lack thereof) of mathematical models used to calculate the probability of hit of aircraft fired at by antiaircraft guns. To accomplish this validation of models, a field test was conducted in which aircraft were flown past antiaircraft guns, while their flight paths were recorded by cinetheodolites. The antiaircraft gun crews simulated fire at the aircraft, and instrumentation recorded ...

A New Methodology for Analytical Cost Effectiveness Comparisons of Air Defense Systems.

OCT 1974

Authors: Thomas R. McLaughlin; Stanley J. Souvenir; Robert E. Churchill; Thomas J. Meaders; ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND REDSTONE ARSENAL ALA SAM-D PROJECT

This paper presents a new methodology for analytical cost effectiveness comparisons for air defense systems. The scenario used for evaluation is a typical deployment of an Army in the Field. No specific geographical location or terrain need be specified. Air Defense systems are described by their Single Shot Engagement Kill Probability, PK, their surveillance and intercept footprints, their reaction times and shot-to-shot time constraints, their multiple simultaneous engagement, MSE, capability, ...

Extraction of Alert Functions by Inductive Inference on Historical Data.

OCT 1974

Authors: Abraham Waksman; STANFORD RESEARCH INST MENLO PARK CALIF

This report describes a partial implementation of a system concept for retrospective analysis of historical data to discover alert and alarm indicators. Such a system can become an important component in a larger system for administration aid and monitoring where historical data plays an important part. The system described is a knowledge-base system where data-source knowledge is represented in the form of rule-functions participating in the systems decision mechanism. (Modified ...

Instruction Manual for the Interactive Tactical Engagement Model, Version 2 (Item-2), Executive Summary.

SEP 1974

Authors: David M. Salmon; Robert J. Ducot; SYSTEMS CONTROL INC PALO ALTO CALIF

This executive summary is one of three companion volumes describing a battalion level model of the SAM-D and IMPROVED HAWK air defense systems. References 1 and 2 provide respectively and Analyst/Programmer Manual and a Planner/Users Manual.

Electronic Warfare Joint Test and Evaluation: Design of a Simulation Program for Determining Engagement Kill Probabilities Using the AFEWES Facility.

AUG 1974

Authors: Sylvia L. Waller; John H. Daniel; Robert M. Shaw; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ARLINGTON VA SYSTEMS EVALUATION DIV

The purpose of this report is to present the design for a simulation program using the Air Force Electronic Warfare Evaluation Simulator (AFEWES) facility at General Dynamics, Fort Worth, to obtain estimates of aircraft attrition resulting from SAM or AAA engagements over the range of conditions experienced in the Phase II EW Joint Test. The evaluation will make use of the following types of simulations: (1) Simulation of representative engagements ...

A Study of the Effects of Jamming and Aircraft Maneuvers on Radar Tracking Performance (Numerical Results). Volume I.

26 JUL 1974

Authors: KAPPA SYSTEMS INC WILLOW GROVE PA

This report describes a study of the effectiveness of various aircraft tracking algorithms. The aircraft is observed by a search radar as it approaches its target. On each revolution the radar measures the range, azimuth, and elevation of the aircraft and estimates the measurement error. This information is input to the tracking algorithm, where it is used to compute a track; i.e., polynomial expressions for the X, Y, and Z ...

A Study of the Effects of Jamming and Aircraft Maneuvers on Radar Tracking Performance (Numerical Results). Volume II. Appendices A, B and C.

26 JUL 1974

Authors: KAPPA SYSTEMS INC WILLOW GROVE PA

PROBE I: A Differential Equation Model for Comparing Fighter Escort and Airbase Attack Systems in a Counter-Air Operation.

JUL 1974

Authors: F. A. Tatum; L. N. Rowell; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF

PROBE I models an attack air force versus an interceptor defense in a conflict extending over as many as thirty missions. For any mission, the attack sorties may be allocated to any combination of (1) aircraft with bombs only, assigned to prime targets, (2) similar aircraft targeting hostile interceptor bases, or (3) aircraft with only air-combat weapons that defend the bombers. The model shows the results of one or a ...

Spaceborne Radar Study

28 JUN 1974

175 pages

Authors: Joseph Greene; Richard Kaplan; Gerald J. McNiff; Paul Nosal; Jack L. Schultz; GRUMMAN AEROSPACE CORP BETHPAGE NY

Three air-defense radar surveillance systems are described, each consisting of active radar satellites capable of operating at earth-synchronous orbit altitude with associated ground control stations. Systems 1 (three satellites) provides a detection fence around the North American continent and does target tracking within the fence. System 2 (three satellites) provides detection fences around the USSR and China. System 3 (seven Satellites) provides worldwide coverage for aircraft detection and tracking. The ...

Self-Guidance System of an Antiaircraft Guided Missile,

21 JUN 1974

Authors: F. Neupokoev; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER CHARLOTTESVILLE VA

The report describes the homing system of an antiaircraft guided missile. The system can be an active one or a semiactive one; in an active system, the energy source, illuminating the target and the signal receiver is in the missile itself. In a semiactive one, the electromagnetic energy for illuminating the target is not contained in the missile.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume I. Executive Summary.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The Tactical Air Defense Computer Operational Simulation (TACOS II) represents interactions which occur between a large deployment of air defense systems and a large attack of aerial penetrator vehicles in a conventional setting over a field army. Up to 255 fire units (distributed as desired over 15 system types) and up to 255 cells (distributed over 10 types) may be engaged in a highly realistic simulation of an air defense ...

TACOS II Documentation. Volume II. Chapter FRAG3R. Programmer/Analyst Manual.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

FRAG3R is a CDC 6600 computer program that forms part of the TACOS II model. It is a post processor designed to summarize the results of a modeled battle simulated in FRAG3C. It uses the history data set to produce reports describing the effectiveness of the various air defense and penetrator systems described by the input to FRAG3C. There are 33 different types of reports which can be generated by ...

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIB. Chapter FRAG1A. Programmer/Analyst Manual.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

TACOS 2 was originally developed for use in direct support of the USACDCADA SAM-D Weapons Family Cost-Effectiveness Study (SAMWEPS). The major development cycle expended approximately 50 man-months over the period October 1966 to May 1967. Improvements and changes have been constantly made to TACOS 2 to encompass dynamic threat and defense concepts. The usefulness of TACOS 2 was enhanced when it was converted for use on a CDC 6600 by ...

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIB. Chapter FRAG1B. Programmer/Analyst Manual.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The objective of this detailed narrative description is to provide a brief, narrative, non-mathematical, synopsis of each submodel in FRAG1B of the TACOS system.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIB. Chapter FRAG1C. FRAG1 Programmer/Analyst Manual.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The report presents a description of the FRAG1 computer program of the TACOS system.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIB. FRAG2. Programmer/Analyst Manual (F2.1 through Routine INAPUT).

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIB. FRAG2. Programmer/Analyst Manual (Routine INBPUT) through Glossary).

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The report presents a description of the FRAG2 computer program of the TACOS system.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIC. Chapter FRAG3I. Programmer/Analyst Manual.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIC. Chapter FRAG3C. Programmer/Analyst Manual (F3C.1 through Routine CH0BJ).

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

Contents: Module structure; Input record formats; Mathematical/logical structure; Program logic; Error message list; Output record formats; Machine environment.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IID. TERAIN, PMAP, and SORTEV. Programmer/Analyst Manual (Chapter PMAP).

15 MAY 1974

197 pages

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The report discusses the structure of the PMAP module of the TACOS system which is defined by specifying the functional flow, a detailed narrative description of each submodel contained in PMAP, a description of inputs required and outputs generated by PMAP and the subroutine call sequence.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IID. TERAIN, PMAP, and SORTEV. Programmer/Analyst Manual (Chapter SORTEV).

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The basic concept of SORTEV is to select events from a FRAG3 history tape (data set) of the TACOS system, pass them to the CDC supplied COBOL Sort program, receive them in a new sequence from Sort, translate them into legible line images, and to print them.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IID. TERAIN, PMAP, and SORTEV. Programmer/Analyst Manual (Chapter TERAIN).

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

TERAIN is a CDC 6600 computer program designed to illustrate pictorially and statistically the effects of the terrain surrounding an air defense site on that site's visibility coverage. Diagrams of actual terrain may also be produced. These TERAIN displays are used by the analyst for selection of weapon mix, air defense site locations, and analysis of site/vehicle intervisibility.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIIA. FRAG1A, FRAG1B, and FRAG1C User/Planner Manual.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIIB. FRAG2 User/Planner Manual.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The FRAG2 program module is the keystone of the TACOS model since this module calculates all events which are based on the geometry of threat-defense relationships and integrates these geometric events with environmental events calculated in FRAG1. This integrated event list then serves to drive FRAG3's dynamic engagement simulation module, FRAG3C. An appreciation of the FRAG2 functional relationship to the TACOS model may be gained by examining TACOS.3-1. As shown, ...

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIIC. Chapters FRAG3I, FRAG3C and FRAG3R User/Planner Manual.

15 MAY 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIID. TERAIN, PMAP, SORTEV User/Planner Manual.

15 MAY 1974

214 pages

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The report presents a description of the TERAIN, PMAP, and SORTEV computer programs of the TACOS system.

Advanced Concepts for COR (Continental Operations Range).

19 APR 1974

Authors: Eugene J. Pollock; AIR FORCE SPECIAL WEAPONS CENTER KIRTLAND AFB N MEX TEST AND EVALUATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM OFFICE

This report is primarily concerned with advanced concepts for COR.

COR Data System.

27 MAR 1974

Authors: Eugene J. Pollock; AIR FORCE SPECIAL WEAPONS CENTER KIRTLAND AFB N MEX TEST AND EVALUATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM OFFICE

The COR area contains a collection of noncontiguous instrumentation sites which must be integrated in an autonomous range. In order for the COR to function as a unit, it is mandatory that instrumentation within COR be able to use metric trajectory (TSPI) data generated at any other location. In view of the large distances involved, and the mountainous terrain, continuous tracking may not be possible. The philosophy of central measurement ...

Antiaircraft Defense Herald. Number 10, 1973.

22 MAR 1974

Authors: ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER CHARLOTTESVILLE VA

The report is a compilation of articles in reference to Soviet antiaircraft defense systems and military training.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIC. FRAG3C Programmer/Analyst Manual (Routine CLINE through INTCPT).

15 MAR 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The report presents a description of the FRAG3C computer program of the TACOS system.

TACOS II Documentation. Volume IIC. FRAG3C Programmer/Analyst Manual (Routine JAMCAN through Glossary).

15 MAR 1974

Authors: BRADDOCK DUNN AND MCDONALD INC ALBUQUERQUE N MEX

The report contains a description of the FRAG3C computer program of the TACOS system.

Antiaircraft Defense Herald. Number 9, 1973.

19 FEB 1974

Authors: ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER CHARLOTTESVILLE VA

The report is a compilation of articles pertaining to the Soviet antiaircraft defense systems and military training.

Parametric Study of Advanced Forward Area Air Defense Weapon System (AFAADS). Volume 1. Analysis. Supplement

31 JAN 1974

467 pages

Authors: Herbert K. Weiss; LITTON SYSTEMS INC VAN NUYS CA DATA SYSTEMS DIV

The purpose of the reported supplemental effort is to provide additional analyses and evaluations of potential closed loop predicted fire systems for air defense, to assess and interpret experimental data on actual aircraft flight paths in terms of predictability, to examine the potential of rocket and rocket-boost projectiles in comparison with conventional gun fired projectiles, and to consider what advantages may lie in a system using control of projectiles in ...

Parametric Study of Advanced Forward Area Air Defense Weapon System (AFAADS). Volume II Data Processing Requirements Analysis. Supplement

31 JAN 1974

375 pages

Authors: LITTON SYSTEMS INC VAN NUYS CA DATA SYSTEMS DIV

This volume II of the Advanced Forward Area Air Defense System (AFAADS) Phase III final report presents an overall description of the conceptual design and sizing for a digital AFAADS gun fire control computer, including the operator display and control panel. The material of this volume is divided into three parts: (1) Summary, is a brief overview of the conceptual design for the digital AFAADS gun fire control computer; (2) ...