| Improving Warfighters' Sustainment and Performance in Extreme Environmental Conditions |
18-Feb-2008 |
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| Authors:
Kevin Kregel; Zhongjie Xun; Ibolja Cernak; Joseph LaManna; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV LAUREL MD APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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 | In this project, we have developed and verified experimental rat models capable of reproducing physiological responses to extreme environmental conditions, such as simulated high-altitude hypoxia, acute heat stress, and chronic cold stress, comparable to conditions in military relevant scenarios. The major goal of the project was to experimentally test a drug treatment using a heat-shock protein co-inducer (Arimoclomol ; CytRx, Los Angeles, CA) in these rat models of extreme environmental ... |
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| Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis through Acetylation of the Metabolic Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1alpha |
01-Feb-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Pere Puigserver; DANA-FARBER CANCER INST BOSTON MA
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 | The main purpose of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that acetylation of PGC-1alpha by GCN5 and associated proteins, Pc3 and WDR18, is a key regulatory modification that controls hepatic glucose production. The major findings of this Research Technical Report are in tasks 1, 2 and 3. In task 1, we have further validated siRNAs for Pc3 and WDR18. In task 2, we have identified how WDR18 specifically interacts ... |
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| Trait Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol During Free Living and Military Stress |
Feb-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jared P Reis; Marcus K Taylor; Kenneth P Sausen; Eric G Potterat; Genieleach A Padilla; Amanda E Markham; Sean P Drummond; Amanda E Miller; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Accumulating evidence suggests that negative affect is associated with elevated cortisol. Limited research has investigated this association in young, highly functioning, and stress-resilient populations. Methods: We examined the relation of trait anxiety with total and diurnal salivary cortisol during free-living conditions and during a stressful military exercise in 26 military men ages 19 -30 yr (M = 21.6, SD = 2.3). Salivary cortisol was assessed at five time points over ... |
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| Corrections to the Shapiro Equation used to Predict Sweating and Water Requirements |
JAN 2008 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Richard R. Gonzalez; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Daniel A. Goodman; Laurie A. Blanchard; Larry G. Berglund; Michael N. Sawka; NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV LAS CRUCES DEPT OF BIOLOGY
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| The objective of this project was to cross validate the original Shapiro equation (OSE) which was developed to predict rate of sweat loss over wide environmental conditions, clothing systems, and metabolic activities. activities. Within the limits of the data, the equation has been shown to be a valid estimator of sweating rate for a variety of heat stress exposures up to 2 h and work rates limited to less than ... |
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| Stress on the Force: Measuring the Impact of Increased Operational Deployments Using Manpower Metrics |
Jan-2008 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J Guice; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
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| Accurate deployment data, when correlated with manpower metrics such as divorce, separation, and suicide rates, can provide a representative assessment of stress on the force. The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is involved in a conflict that can potentially last a generation. Given this level of operational commitment, the Marine Corps is sensitive to the ramifications, both long- and short-term, of increased operational tempo. The negative ramifications are commonly referred ... |
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| Barriers, Bridges, and Progress in Cognitive Modeling for Military Applications |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin Gluck; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB MESA AZ WARFIGHTER READINESS RESEARCH DIVISION
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| The role of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), like the other service laboratories, is to conduct the basic and applied research and advanced technology development necessary to create future technology options for the Department of Defense. At the Warfighter Readiness Research Division of AFRL's Human Effectiveness Directorate, we have initiated a research program focused on mathematical and computational cognitive process modeling for replicating, understanding, and predicting human performance and ... |
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| Mitigating Motion Sickness in Ground Vehicles |
Jan 2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
J T Coyne; R Stripling; E Rovira; D Hunter; J V Cohn; K Brendley; G Zwick; G Carter; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| Motion sickness (MS) represents a challenge to many warfighters, particularly those in command and control vehicles (C2V). Research by the U.S. Army and NASA suggests that as many as 90% of operators in a C2V experience some performance decrements and MS symptoms. Common solutions to MS emphasize pharmacological interventions, such as promethazine and dimenhydrinate (Dramamine trade mark). The challenge with these approaches is that they often lead to decrements in ... |
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| Skill Set Requirements for Nurses Deployed with an Expeditionary Medical Unit Based on Lessons Learned |
Jan 2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
John J Whitcomb; Kimberly J Newell; NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER PORTSMOUTH VA
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| Based in Kuwait 3 years apart, the authors recount how nurses and corps staff, along with their physician counterparts, came together to form well-run medical facilities under adverse circumstances. Their respective hospitals became competent organizations because of specific formulas for success, along with preparation, identification of required skill sets, and making improvements based on experience. This article describes the training of medical, nursing, and corps staff, the facilities and resources ... |
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| Characterization of the Effects of Fatigue on the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Drug Therapies |
NOV 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Laura Mery; TEXAS UNIV HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO
|
| This study aimed to establish a rat fatigue model to test fatigue countermeasures. The model focused on central fatigue. Central fatigue associated with sleep disruption may precede peripheral fatigue, and therefore may predict impaired performance earlier than peripheral fatigue. The modified flower pot method of sleep disruption was used to induce fatigue. This study utilized hippocampal dependant tasks, the radial arm maze and the Barnes maze, to characterize the effects ... |
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| Investigation of Murine Models for Sleep, Wakefulness and Target Discovery |
01-Oct-2007 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Gui-lan Ye; Thomas Lanthorn; Katerina Savelieva; LEXICON GENETICS INC THE WOODLANDS TX
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| Genetic inhibition of two genes, an orphan GPCR and a kinase, have been shown to produce changes in the behavior of mice that suggest the ability to promote sleep and to promote extended wakefulness. One of these is a well-known clock gene, but its effects on normal sleep-wake states had not been characterized. Pharmaceutical investigation of either of these genes appears to be very limited, but could be fruitful in ... |
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| Neuro-Cognitive Assessment, Symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and Soldier Performance during 68W Advanced Individual Training |
OCT 2007 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Valerie J. Rice; Diane Marra; Jenny Butler; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
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| This study is one in a series of studies examining factors that impact Soldier performance during Advanced Initial Training (AIT). This study examines the relationships between a) Soldier performance using the Interactive Metronome1 (IM), a new interactive computer technology used to assess neuro-cognitive function in terms of auditory and visual input with psychomotor timing and rhythm output, b) symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (SoAD/HD), and c) academic and ... |
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| Demonstration of Real-Time Physiological Status Monitoring of Encapsulated 1st Civil Support Team - Weapons of Mass Destruction (CST-WMD) Personnel |
OCT 2007 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Mark J. Buller; William J. Tharion; Anthony J. Karis; William R. Santee; Stephen P. Mullen; Laurie A. Blanchard; Reed W. Hoyt; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
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| Civil Support Teams Weapons of Mass Destruction (CST-WMD) have a requirement for a medical monitoring telemetry system. This study demonstrated the Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring (WPSM) system's capability in meeting those needs during a typical training exercise. CST-WMD Soldiers (n= 12) volunteered for this study. The Vital Sign Detection System (VSDS) and hub were worn during 2 days of training. Remote monitoring took place with data transmitted to a base ... |
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| Evaluation of Two Cold Thermoregulatory Models for Prediction of Core Temperature During Exercise in Cold Water |
20 SEP 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Castellani; Catherine O'Brien; Peter Tikuisis; Ingrid V. Sils; Xiaojiang Xu; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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| COld thermoregulatory model(CTM) have primirily been developed to predict core temperature (t sub core) responses during sednetary immersion. Few studies have examined their efficacy to predict T(sub core) during exercise cold exposure. The purpose of this study was to compare observed T(sub core) responses during exercise in cold water with the predicted T(sub core) from a three-cylinder (3-CTM) and a six-cylinder (6-CTM) model, adjusted to include heat production from exercise. ... |
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| The Effect of Continuous Operations and Various Secondary Task Displays on Soldier Shooting Performance |
SEP 2007 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
David R. Scribner; Patrick H. Wiley; William H. Harper; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
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| Soldiers will be required to perform missions with advanced information displays as the Army transforms. Soldiers will also be placed under a range of environmental stressors including continuous operations. The need to provide an information display that is operable during extended stressful conditions is crucial to the mission success of the Soldier. Optimal Soldier-system performance is desired to maximize performance and minimize errors for the end result of increased Soldier ... |
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| Chapter 9 - Neurotoxicological Interactions with Physical and Psychological Stressors |
SEP 2007 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Karl Friedl; Stephen Grate; Susan Proctor; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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| Over the past deade, the U.S. DoD invested >150M to investigate undiagnosed Gulf War Illness (GWI) and more than twice that amount in clinical management and related efforts with regard to the same issues. The research produced important new understanding of post-deployment health issues and potentially hazardous occupational, materiel, and environmental exposures. Gulf War Illnesses issues also created a new awareness of important neuropsychological and neurotoxicological interactions which were not ... |
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| Simulator Sickness During Emergency Procedures Training in a Helicopter Simulator: Age, Flight Experience, and Amount Learned |
SEP 2007 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Johnson; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES FORT RUCKER AL
|
| This research measured simulator sickness both before and after exposure to a helicopter simulator that was being used for emergency procedures training. Research issues were the incidence and magnitude of simulator sickness, after effects, susceptibility, and the effect of simulator sickness on training effectiveness. A total of 474 AH-64A (Apache) Army aviators participated in this research. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSO) was administered prior to simulator exposure, immediately after simulator ... |
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| Prevalence and Outcomes of Restless Legs Syndrome among Veterans |
SEP 2007 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Claire C. Bourguet; NORTHEASTERN OHIO UNIVERSITIES COLLEGE OF MEDICINE ROOTSTOWN
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| Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by unpleasant, abnormal feelings in the legs and occasionally arms which occur at rest and when initiating sleep. The sufferer experiences an uncontrollable urge to move in order to relieve symptoms. RLS interferes with the ability to fall asleep or to maintain sleep. The resulting sleep deprivation can interfere with family life, social activities, and job performance. RLS is a commonly ... |
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| Physical Fitness Influences Stress Reactions to Extreme Military Training |
09-Aug-2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jared P Reis; Marcus K Taylor; Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi; Eric G Potterat; Amanda E Markham; Sean P Drummond; Ganieleah A Padilla; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Physical fitness and physical conditioning have long been valued by the military for their roles in enhancing mission-specific performance and reducing risk of injury in the warfighter. It is not known whether physical fitness plays a causal role in attenuating acute military stress reactions or the evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether physical fitness influences the impact of stressful events during ... |
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| Artificial Pancreas for Control of BG and Insulin Levels in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes and Stress Hyperglycemia |
01 AUG 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey I. Joseph; THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| This addendum to the final report contains a summary of the data analyses for the research project entitled Artificial Pancreas for Control of BG and Insulin Levels in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes and Stress Hyperglycemia , (Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Joseph, DO; Award Number: W81XWH-04-1-0004). The original tasks set forth in the statement of work for this research project are given in Table 1 (modifications to the statement of work appear ... |
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| PTSD Symptoms, Life Events, and Unit Cohesion in U.S. Soldiers: Baseline Findings From the Neurocognition Deployment Health Study |
AUG 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
K. Brailey; J. J. Vasterling; S. P. Proctor; J. I. Constans; M. J. Friedman; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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| Relationships among a modifiable situational factor (unit cohesion), prior stressful life events, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed in 1,579 U.S. Army soldiers with no history of contemporary war zone deployment. It was predicted that unit cohesion would attenuate the dose-response relationship between past stressor exposures and PTSD symptoms at relatively moderate levels of exposure. Consistent with this hypothesis, regression analysis revealed that life experiences and unit cohesion ... |
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| Assessment of Male Anthropometric Trends and the Effects on Thermal Regulatory Models |
AUG 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Miyo Yokota; Gaston P. Bathalon; Larry G. Berglund; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
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| This study investigated temporal differences in body dimensions (height, weight, percent body fat (%BF)) of U.S. Army male soldiers by comparing 2004 and 1988 databases. Identified anthropometric somatotypes were subsequently incorporated in a thermal regulatory model to examine simulated individual differences in core temperature (Tcr) to heat stress (35 C/50%rh, ~550W work rate, rest for 30min and walk for 70 min). A significant increase in body weight (2.4kg) was observed ... |
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| Assessment of Anthropometric Trends and the Effects on Thermal Regulatory Models: Females Versus Males |
AUG 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Miyo Yokota; Gaston P. Bathalon; Larry G. Berglund; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
|
| The purpose of this study is to investigate secular change in body dimensions (height, weight, %body fat (%BF)) in U.S. Army female soldiers, by comparing the 2004 and 1988 databases. Identified anthropometric somatotypes were subsequently incorporated in a thermal regulatory model to examine simulated individual differences in core temperature (Tcr) to heat stress (rest for 30 min and walk @ 3mph with 12 kg load in 35 C/50%rh environment for ... |
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| Comparison of Model Predictions to Core Temperature Responses During Prolonged Intermittent Exercise |
AUG 2007 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Laurie Blanchard; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Daniel A. Goodman; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
|
| The USARIEM Heat Strain Decision Aid (HSDA) is an empirically developed tool for mission planning and prevention of heat injury. HSDA uses information about the individual, their environment, clothing, and activity to estimate core temperature (Tc) and calculate recommended safe work times. Data from a recent series of experiments was used to validate the performance of HSDA for the conditions studied. |
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| The Effects of Total Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep on Cognitive Performance and Brain Function |
AUG 2007 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Sean P. Drummond; VETERANS MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION SAN DIEGO CA
|
| An ever-increasing number of military personnel and civilians alike must work daily without adequate sleep. Although considerable data show that sleep deprivation alters many aspects of behavior, little is known about changes in the brain substrate underlying the behavioral effects, and even less is known about the cerebral effects of recovery sleep. The overarching objective of this study is to investigate the effects of 2 full nights of sleep loss ... |
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| Reflective Inserts to Reduce Heat Strain in Body Armor: Tests With and Without Irradiance |
AUG 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce S. Cadarette; William R. Santee; Scott B. Robinson; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Delivered by U.S . Army Soldier IP : 153.103.190.11 Tue, 04 Dec 2007 irradiance. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007; 78:809 13. Background: This study evaluated adding reflective thermal inserts (RTI) to reduce the physiological strain during exercise-heat stress with a radiant load. RTI were used with a U.S. Army desert battle dress uniform, body armor, and helmet. Methods: Four male volunteers attempted four trials (10 min rest followed by 100 ... |
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| The Effects of Diesel Exhaust and Stress on the Acute Phase Response and in the Chemically Intolerant |
AUG 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy Fideler; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY NEWARK
|
| Exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and other petrochemical combustion products were the exposures reported by the greatest percentage of all Gulf War veterans (GWV). Along with diesel exhaust and other chemical exposures, psychological stress has been implicated in the onset of unexplained symptoms such as chemical sensitivity among GWV. The purpose of the proposed study is to test a model for chemical sensitivity in GWV, in which simultaneous acute exposures ... |
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| Flight Attendant Fatigue |
JUL 2007 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas E. Nesthus; David J. Schroeder; Mary M. Connors; Heike K. Rentmeister-Bryant; Charles A. DeRoshia; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| The Departments of Transportation and Treasury and Independent Agencies Appropriations Bill (House Rpt. 108-671) included a directive to the Federal Aviation Administration to conduct a study of flight attendant fatigue. The NASA Ames Research Center Fatigue Countermeasures Group (FCG) was contracted by CAMI to conduct the study. To meet the goals of the study, this report contains a literature review on fatigue as potentially experienced by flight attendants, an evaluation ... |
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| Simulator Sickness Research Summary |
JUL 2007 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Johnson; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Simulator Sickness (SS) is a form of Motion Sickness (MS) that does not require true motion but does require a wide field of view (FOV) visual display [5, 46, 64]. Like all varieties of MS, an intact vestibular system is necessary to experience SS [12]. It has been called visually induced motion sickness [3, 52, 48] and Cinerama sickness [3, 5, 52]. The term "vection" is used to describe a ... |
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| Continuous Pre-hospital Data as a Predictor of Outcome Following Major Trauma: A Study Using Improved and Expanded Data |
JUN 2007 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
E. S. Kinkler; Victor A. Convertino; Donald J. Gordon; John B. Holcomb; Jose Salinas; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| This study is designed to acquire near continuous physiologic measurements, beginning at the earliest practical time after injury, on large numbers of injured patients with severe trauma. The study will utilize commercially available FDA-certified monitoring equipment, operating in a fleet of ground EMS ambulances currently serving a large metropolitan area with multiple trauma centers. First Responders may represent the earliest opportunity to acquire meaningful medical data in injury cases. This ... |
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| Cognitive, Psychomotor, and Physical Performance in Cold Air After Cooling by Exercise in Cold Water |
JUN 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Catherine O'Brien; Ingrid V. Sils Tharion and John W. Castellani; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| This study evaluated performance after lowering core temperature at different rates while local tissues were either cooled (lower body) or not cooled (upper body). Methods: There were 10 men who volunteered to perform up to 8 cold water immersions (CWI) at combinations of 2 water temperatures (10 deg C and 15 deg C), 2 depths [waist (W), chest (C)], and 2 walking speeds (0.44 or 0.88 m/s^-1) until their core ... |
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| Preliminary Assessment of Stroboscopic Shutter Glasses on Motion Sickness in Helicopter Passengers |
MAY 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur Estrada; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| This report presents the results of preliminary tests conducted by the USAARL of two sets of stroboscopic shutter glasses (at 4Hz and 8 Hz) proposed as a countermeasure for motion sickness. The purpose was to examine the mission applicability and product potential of the glasses and to gain support for their inclusion in future USAARL motion sickness studies. Six participants experienced two flights in the cabin of a Black Hawk ... |
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| Galvanic Skin Response as a Measure of Soldier Stress |
MAY 2007 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Chuck H. Perala; Bruce S. Sterling; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| In the ever-increasing realm of "high-tech" Soldier systems, one factor remains fairly constant: the human factor. The use of multiple high-tech and increasingly complex systems is intended to add capabilities to Soldiers and to reduce stress and workload. However, these systems may add increased levels of stress and workload onto Soldiers who are already at heightened levels of each because of the environments in which the systems are employed. To ... |
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| Radiation Sensitization in Breast Cancer via Targeting Survivin Expression |
MAY 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Bo Lu; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN
|
| We proposed to determine whether overexpression of survivin results in radioresistance and the possible mechanisms; whether regulators of survivin serve as targets for radiosensitization. We also found that deregulation of survivin in breast cancer is mediated by Stat3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription). Co-inhibition of survivin and Stat3 results in significantly increased sensitization of breast cancer. In addition we found that inhibition of apoptosis induces autophagy in cell culture ... |
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| Evaluation of the Limits to Accurate Sweat Loss Prediction During Prolong Exercise |
MAY 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
S.N. Cheuvront; S.J. Montain; D.A. Goodman; L. Blanchard; M. N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Sweat prediction equations are often used outside their boundaries to estimate fluid requirements and generate guidance. The limitations associated with these generalized predictions have not been characterized. The purpose of this study were to: 1)evaluate the accuracy of a widely used sweat prediction equation (SHAP) when widening it's boundaries to include cooler environments (2h) and very prolonged exercise (8h), 2) determine the independent impact of holding skin temperature constant (SHAP36), ... |
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| Heat Stress Mitigation for Leopard 2C Tank Crew |
MAY 2007 |
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| Authors:
Ira Jacobs; Robert Michas; Robert Limmer; Debbie Kerrigan-Brown; Tom McLellan; P. Turbide; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
| The Directorate Armament Sustainment Programme Management (DASPM) requested Defence R&D Canada (DRDC) support with the investigation and recommendation of "...technologies available to mitigate the effects of the heat stress expected for Leopard 2C crews operating in the Kandahar region of Afghanistan in summer." DRDC was asked to focus "...on technologies that are likely to be able to be delivered and installed by the beginning of June 2007." Candidate heat stress ... |
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| What a Decade of Experiments Reveals about Factors that Influence the Sense of Presence: Latest Findings |
MAY 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Christine Youngblut; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This report reviews the results of experiments that have examined the sense of spatial presence experienced in virtual environments. It provides guidance about factors that have a good probability of manipulating presence and gives an idea of the scope of experimentation that has been performed. Over 120 experiments are identified but the analysis focuses on those experiments that have been replicated (more or less) and on factors that have shown ... |
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| Exercise to Countereact Loss of Bone and Muscle During Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer |
MAY 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Wendy M. Kohrt; L. M. Glode; Robert S. Schwartz; Daniel W. Barry; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| The original objective was to determine whether a 1-year intensive resistance exercise training (RT) program is more effective than a moderate-intensity walking program in ameliorating the effects on body composition of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer. It was postulated that: 1) RT will attenuate the declines in bone mineral density (BMD) and fat-free mass (FFM) to a greater extent than walking; and 2) both RT and ... |
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| Neurophysiologic Methods to Measure Stress During Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape Training |
May-2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus K Taylor; Kenneth P Sausen; Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi; Eric G Potterat; Matthew A Yanagi; Kim Hyung; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Training in Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) is required for U.S. military members at high risk of capture. This physically and psychologically demanding course is considered an analog to the stress imposed by war, captivity, and related events, thus offering a unique and unprecedented medium in which to systematically examine human stress and performance during a realistically intense operational context. Operational stress is multifaceted, manifesting cerebral, neuroendocrine, cardiac, and ... |
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| Simulator-Induced Spatial Disorientation: Effects of Age, Sleep Deprivation, and Type of Conflict |
May 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Fred H Previc; William R Ercoline; Richard H Evans; Nathan Dillon; Nadia Lopez; Christina M Daluz; Andrew Workman; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH 711 HUMAN PERFORMANCE WING
|
| Spatial disorientation mishaps are greater at night and with greater time on task, and sleep deprivation is known to decrease cognitive and overall flight performance. However, the ability to perceive and to be influenced by physiologically appropriate simulated SD conflicts has not previously been studied in an automated simulator flight profile. Methods: A set of 10 flight profiles were flown by 10 U.S. Air Force (USAF) pilots over a period ... |
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| Considerations of Pharmacology on Fitness for Duty in the Operational Environment |
May 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Mary A Kautz; Maria L Thomas; J L Caldwell; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH 711 HUMAN PERFORMANCE WING
|
| Coordination of strategies for transitioning psychoactive pharmacological compounds from basic laboratory research to the field environment has been an ongoing effort among military laboratories. Several workshops have been held specifically to address the operationally relevant issues and other military and scientific challenges as they relate to the enhancement and sustainability of cognitive performance. In this preface, we tie together recommendations of the Pharmacological Strategies Focus Team for one such Workshop, ... |
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| Workload, Stress, and Situation Awareness of Soldiers Who are Controlling Unmanned Vehicles in Future Urban Operations |
APR 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce S. Sterling; Chuck H. Perala; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| This research describes the workload, stress, and situation awareness of operators of robotic reconnaissance platforms who are conducting future full spectrum operations in an urban setting. The participants controlled unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, and unmanned ground sensors in a virtual reality simulation as part of a combined arms battalion using Future Combat Systems. Results suggested that robotic controllers supporting infantry units had higher workloads and stress than controllers ... |
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| Time Based Subjective Evaluations of Seated Cushion Comfort |
APR 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph A. Pellettiere; Hilary L. Gallagher; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH BIOMECHANICS BRANCH
|
| The detrimental effects of prolonged sitting during long-duration flights include deep vein thrombosis, pressure sores, and decreased awareness and performance. Oftentimes, the cushion is the only component of the seat system that can be modified to mitigate these effects. In addition, it is the cushion that has a direct connection to the seated subject, and thus directly influences his perception. Several studies were undertaken at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) ... |
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| Sleep and Alertness Management IV: Effects of Alertness Enhancers Caffeine and Modafinil on Performance in Marmosets |
MAR 2007 |
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| Authors:
I. H. Philippens; S. A. van Vliet; M. J. Jongsma; R. A. Vanwersch; TNO DEFENCE SECURITY AND SAFETY RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
| Flumazenil might be effective to maintain normal performance in case of an alertness demanding situation directly after taking a hypnotic. However, in case personnel have to be alert during a time of the day that the circadian rhythm is programmed for sleep, the use of wake promoting drugs `night be more efficient. The alertness enhancer caffeine counteracted the sleep deprivation induced decline on the performance and activity. Modafinil even improved ... |
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| Endogenous 6-Hydroxymelatonin Excretion and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study |
MAR 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Paola C. Muti; ITALIAN NATIONAL CANCER INST REGINA ELENA ROME (ITALY)
|
| The prevalence of breast cancer is greatest in industrialized regions and exposure to light at night has been proposed as a potential risk factor. Modulation of melatonin secretion by light has been implicated in the causal pathway linking exposure to light and breast cancer risk. Recent evidence indicates that melatonin is a natural oncostatic agent capable of functioning through a variety of anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative, and immunostimulatory mechanisms. We conduct a ... |
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| Thermal Responses for Men With Different Fat Compositions During Immersion in Cold Water at Two Depths: Prediction versus Observation |
16 FEB 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaojiang Xu; John W. Castellani; William Santee; Margaret Kolka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
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| A cold thermoregulatory model (CTM) was applied to data from partially immersed subjects divided into normal (NF) or low fat (LF) groups in order to validate CTM during immersion at two depths and to examine mechanisms underlying the individual differences. CTM defines thermal characteristics, e.g. surface area and maximal shivering intensity, using height, weight, fat%, age and VO2max. Ten clothed subjects, 5 NF (15-19%) and 5 LF (8.1-14.7%), were immersed ... |
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| Workload and Stress of Crews Operating Future Manned Vehicles |
FEB 2007 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce S. Sterling; Chuck H. Perala; Stephen F. Blaske; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
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| This study examined workload and stress of crews operating future manned vehicles during virtual and live simulation and varied threat conditions. The effects, for live simulation only, of autonomous driving, crew position, and driving speed on workload and stress were also examined. Because of the small number of participants, only descriptive statistics were used. Results suggest that for the task of operating a vehicle and searching for and discriminating between ... |
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| A Randomized Trial of Musculoskeletal Pain Treatment in a Military Population |
FEB 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Gatchel; Alan Peterson; Christine Hunter; Christopher Hunter; Jeffrey Goodie; Mark Oordt; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS
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| Musculoskeletal system conditions are the leading cause of hospitalization and disability for the U.S. Armed Forces. The department of Defense pays over $1.5 billion per year to disabled service members, and musculoskeletal conditions account for 40-50% of this amount. This study investigates the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary functional restoration approach to the treatment of Active Duty military from all 4 branches suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). The primary aims ... |
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| A Chemoprevention Trial to Study the Effects of High Tea Consumption on Smoking-Related Oxidative Stress |
FEB 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Iman A. Hakim; H-H. Chow; R. B. Harris; L. Garland; S. Rodney; M. Tobar; C. Cordova; A. Strebing; L. Goodman; D. Mikhael; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
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| The authors' overall goal is to develop a safe and feasible model for the chemoprevention of a wide range of tobacco-related diseases. Their immediate goal, addressed over a 4-year study period, is to determine the effects of high tea consumption on the biological markers of oxidative stress that mediate lung cancer risk. They are conducting a 6-month randomized, controlled, double-blinded chemopreventive trial with subjects who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ... |
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| Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis through Acetylation of the Metabolic Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1alpha |
FEB 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Pere Puigserver; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
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| The purpose of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that acetylation of PGC-1alpha by the Acetyl Transferase GCN5 associated proteins, Pc3 and WDR18, is a key regulatory modification that controls hepatic glucose production. This investigation has a define scope to specifically test how these proteins control the acetylation status of PGC-1alpha and what is the functional effect in blood glucose levels. The major findings of this Research Technical Report ... |
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| Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Methods of Treatment for Fragile |
FEB 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
David H. Perlmutter; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PITTSBURGH PA
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| Fragile X (FX) syndrome causes behavioral disturbances such as labile mood, anxiety, hyperactivity, and aberrant behavioral responses to stress. Affected males may suffer from learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders, mental retardation, or autism spectrum disorders. We seek to address the most effective methods of treatment (pharmacological and behavioral) for the symptoms and behavioral problems associated with FX syndrome. During the past year, we have established a comprehensive FX syndrome clinic ... |
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Stress Physiology
