| Reinforced Soil Ammunition Magazine Full Scale Tests |
Aug-1994 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A Reid; Yori Sofrin; Yermi Negri; Reuben Eytan; WRIGHT LAB TYNDALL AFB FL
|
 | The paper includes the description of full scale tests conducted in Israel on an innovative reinforced soil ammunition magazine, developed by Terre Armee Ltd, Israel. The tests were performed jointly by the Israeli Air Force (IAF) and the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency (AFCESA) in May 1990. The reinforced soil ammunition magazine was subjected to a full-scale explosion of an adjacent magazine and withstood it's effects without any ... |
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| Derivation of the Manufacture to Target Sequence for Environmental Testing |
Aug-1994 |
|
| Authors:
Arthur G Ringer; AUSTRALIAN ORDNANCE COUNCIL CANBERRA
|
 | When new or modified explosives or explosive ordnance are being procured, the Australian Ordnance Council provides advice on their safety and suitability for service (S3). This information is provided from the analysis of results from a program of tests designed to replicate the manufacture-to-target sequence of the explosive ordnance being procured. The manufacture-to-target sequence identifies the various environments the ammunition will experience from the time it is delivered from the ... |
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| How Clean is Clean? Using Fluidjets as an Alternative Decontamination Process for Munitions |
Aug-1994 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Paul L Miller; ALLIANT TECHSYSTEMS INC HOPKINS MN
|
| Numerous advanced technologies have shown that explosive ordnance can be successfully cleaned of explosives by alternative methods to thermal flashing. As part of Alliant Techsystems continuing research in high-pressure Fluidjets (FJ), we have compared FJ cleaning as an alternative to flashing in order to achieve 5-X decontamination levels. |
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| Parameter Study of Underground Ammunition Storage Magazines: Results of Explosion Tests in Small-Scale Models |
Aug-1994 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Charles E Joachim; Christo V Lunderman; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) has conducted research on airblast propagation inside underground ammunition storage facilities. The purpose of the research was to develop magazine design enhancements which would minimize the Airblast Inhabited Building Distance (IBD) should an accidental internal detonation occur. This effort was a part of the Joint U.S./Korea R&D Study for New Underground Ammunition Storage Technologies. A series of 1:20-scale experiments were conducted at ... |
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| The Latest Facility Technology in the Evolving Challenge for Explosive Safety |
Aug-1994 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Dick Lucas; Brian Roberts; SPANTECH PTY LTD BROADBEACH (AUSTRALIA)
|
| The construction of safe Explosives Facilities to store, process, handle and load explosives within the Defence Forces of the world is becoming more and more expensive. The 1991 Gulf War showed that most facilities could be penetrated with a weapon despite significant concrete protection. However, whilst concrete thickness helps, the more concrete the higher the cost of construction. The cost to ensure total safety from accidental explosions or direct attacks ... |
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| Effectiveness of Transparent Shields in Protecting Explosive Operations Personnel |
Aug-1994 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Harold W Sandusky; Verence D Moore; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER INDIAN HEAD DIV SILVER SPRING MD INDIAN HEAD DIV
|
| The effectiveness of relatively portable, transparent shields for protecting personnel was evaluated for the unintentional reaction of explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics in a laboratory setting. Measurements of blast overpressure, heat flux, and temperature were made at the head positions of a sitting operator, a standing operator, and a standing observer with the energetic materials placed at a comfortable position for hands-on operations on the other side of the shield. High-speed ... |
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| Can Re-Use of Demil Explosives and Propellants in Commercial Blasting be Made Environmentally Acceptable |
Aug-1994 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Per-Anders Persson; NEW MEXICO INST OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY SOCORRO ENERGETIC MATERIAL RESEARCH AND TEST CENTER
|
| Some modern commercial blasting agents such as ANFO are of an oxygen balanced composition, i.e. their composition is such that there is just enough oxygen (mostly from ammonium nitrate) to oxidize all the hydrogen in the composition to water, all the carbon to carbon dioxide, and any aluminum to alumina, Al2O3. Such blasting agents in ideal detonation give a minimum of polluting and toxic reaction product gases, such as CO, ... |
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| Ordnance Remediation and Public Involvement: Keeping the Public from Blowing Up |
Aug-1994 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Ken Crawford; CORPS OF ENGINEERS HUNTSVILLE AL
|
| In the Ordnance and Explosive Waste Remediation Program, a good public involvement program keeps people from blowing up -- literally and figuratively. First, it keeps the public informed about ordnance dangers. Second, it allows the public to get involved, keeping them from blowing up at the government and the ordnance contamination problem. Huntsville Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is the Corps' Center of Expertise for Ordnance and Explosive Waste ... |
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| Risk Analysis for Ammunition Storage in Theatres-of-Operation |
Aug-1994 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Max B Ford; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| For many elements of the Army, it is necessary to temporarily store quantities of ammunition and other explosives in order to perform their mission in a combat theatre. It is possible that, for tactical or other reasons, a commander in a combat area may make an on-the-spot decision to deviate from normal DOD safety standards. Although the safety standards provide reduced Quantity-Distances (QD) for storage in theatres of operations, the ... |
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| Concept of Field Storage of Ammunition and Explosives in 20' Standard Container |
Aug-1994 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Niels K Madsen; Steen H Madsen; Anders J Thomsen; DEMEX CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S COPENHAGEN (DENMARK)
|
| This paper presents a summary of the work carried out by DEMEX Consulting Engineers A/S for the Army Material Command and the Army Explosive Safety Chief Inspector concerning field storage of ammunition and explosives especially in the area of the former Yugoslavia where Danish UN-forces have been deployed for the last two years. Due to logistic matters and the use of air-conditioning equipment in the storage rooms, the Army uses ... |
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| Prediction of Fragment Range for Responding Magazines Based on the Bakhtar Explosives Safety Criteria |
Aug-1994 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Khosrow Bakhtar; BAKHTAR ASSOCIATES NEWPORT BEACH CA
|
| An innovative and cost effective method is presented for prediction of hazardous fragment range resulting from accidental detonation in an underground explosives storage magazine. The approach is unique in terms of its formulation and data requirements. It is formulated by defining two new terms namely; dynamic response factor (R) and load capacity factor (C) describing the characteristics of the engineered and geologic systems. The required site specific data are obtained ... |
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| The Calculation of Stability of Tunnel Under Effects of Seismic Wave of Explosion |
Aug-1994 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Li Zheng; Huang Hong; ENGINEERING DESIGN AND RESEARCH INST BEIJING (CHINA)
|
| With a lot of experiments on explosion, the dynamic stability of grotto and sprayed anchor strutted grotto were studied under effects of seismic wave of explosion, and a formula was put out for calculating the stability. The results of calculation fitted results of testing well. It is usually needed to evaluated the stability of tunnels and galleries in structures of mines, railroads and hydro-electric engineering under effects of dynamic loading, ... |
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| Effect of AC Power on EBW Detonators |
Aug-1994 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Allan H Herrbach; DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ALBUQUERQUE NM ALBUQUERQUE OPERATIONS OFFICE
|
| Modern LASL detonators were subjected to three alternating current waveforms to determine the susceptibility of the detonators to high-order detonations when the line voltages supplied by local utility companies are applied across the detonator electrodes. Dent blocks were used for each test to resolve whether a high-order detonation was obtained. Some of the detonators were confined in mock H. E. inserts to compare the performance of a confined detonator with ... |
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| Safety Research at Three Finnish Explosives Factories |
Aug-1994 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Jorma Karhulahti; RESEARCH CENTER OF THE DEFENSE FORCES LAKIALA (FINLAND)
|
| The target of this research was to solve if the company has a possibility and realistic qualifications for the safety inspection of the own operation. The other target was to look out how the authorities take an attitude to the internal control. In this research models for the system of the internal control and for the estimate of the developed safety level have been developed. This research, which has been ... |
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| Design of an Underground Facility Subjected to CWE and Accidental Threats |
Aug-1994 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas R Slawson; Steven C Lofton; Dale T Nebuda; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC VICKSBURG MS SOUTHERN DIV
|
| A preliminary design of a large underground facility was performed. The hardened design requirements for this facility include: penetration and ground shock due to conventional weapon effects (CWE) and impact induced ground shock due to accidental aircraft crashes. CWE threats used for the preliminary design included a 450-kg general purpose bomb and a 210-kg earth penetrating bomb. Possible accidental aircraft crash scenarios were identified based on a survey of available ... |
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| Quantity-Distance Determination for Third Generation Aircraft Shelters (TGAS) |
Aug-1994 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jenus; Joseph Jr; AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS CENTER EGLIN AFB FL
|
| Hazardous fragment clear zones for hardened aircraft shelters severely restrict combat operations. These clear zones are derived from data produced by the Distant Runner test series. The two Distant Runner tests which drive this criteria demonstrated catastrophic failure of the shelters loaded with 2,292 pounds and 9,168 pounds of explosives. Hazardous fragment clear zones must be applied when shelters contain more than 110 pounds of explosives. We felt that if ... |
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| Risk Management of Explosives Storage |
Aug-1994 |
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| Authors:
D J Hewkin; V J Gill; G B Jones; I Self; R A Drake; MINISTRY OF DEFENCE LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| The use of Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) procedures to manage the safety and control of explosives has been stimulated by ever increasing demands for more efficient operation, and by the requirements of recently extended Health and Safety Legislation in Europe. The MOD safety policy statement makes it clear that the Department will meet the standards demanded by such legislation even when MOD is not formally required to do so. The ... |
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| The Audit of Explosives Storage and Transport Within the Australian Defence Force |
Aug-1994 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
L W Johnson; M J O'Reilly; AUSTRALIAN ORDNANCE COUNCIL CANBERRA
|
| A Government audit of Australian Defence Force (ADF) explosives storage and transport safety several years ago highlighted a number of deficiencies in the practices being employed and recommended that an independent audit group be established within the Australian Ordnance Council to monitor the ADF's compliance with explosives storage and transport safety principles. This audit group (The Explosives Safety Audit Group (ESAG)) was established in 1990 and has been conducting audits ... |
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| The Class/Division 1.6.: An Analysis of What are EIDS High Explosives and Which Explosive Effects are 1.6. Articles Likely to Produce |
Aug-1994 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Jean Isler; SNPE CENTRE DE RECHERCHES DU BOUCHET VERT-LE-PETIT FRANCE
|
| The new C/D 1.6 is now taken into consideration for both transportation (UN Recommendations and US/DOT Regulation) and storage (US/DOD Safety Standards, NATO Principles). Furthermore, the UN Test Series 7 has now about five years of existence, and is more and more used as a reference to evaluate the behavior of new less sensitive high explosives (HE) to accidental stimuli. The first aim of this paper is to relate SNPE ... |
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| RCRA Trial Burn Tests, Tooele Army Depot Deactivation Furnace, 9-31 August 1993 |
Aug-1994 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
J R Miller; R Anderson; TOOELE ARMY DEPOT UT
|
| The test objectives were to determine if the deactivation furnace met the performance standards for hazardous waste incinerators (HWIs), and to establish operational limits required for a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Part B Permit for the furnace. The waste feed mixtures were unique to these tests. The selection of these mixtures was used to provide adequate simulation of a broad range of munitions and propellants which would be ... |
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| ARDEC Solid Gun Propellant Shock Initiation Sensitivity Test |
Aug-1994 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
P Lu; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ
|
| NOL large card gap test is not suitable to assess the shock sensitivity of granular propellant beds made of large grains. The result can be strongly influenced by the heterogeneity of the bed. A new small scale gun propellant shock sensitivity test has been developed at ARDEC. This test is a sensitive discriminator to assess gun propellant shock sensitivity. Shock-to-detonation sensitivity is one of the most important safety/hazard properties of ... |
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| Initiation Sensitivity of Liquid Materials |
Aug-1994 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
C J Dahn; Bernadette N Reyes; SAFETY CONSULTING ENGINEERS INC SHAUMBERG IL
|
| If a liquid material which is compression sensitive is subjected to rapid adiabatic high-order explosion. This evaluating the sensitivity compression, the result could be a paper discusses the method for of liquid materials (that could detonate) to initiation of decomposition in the presence of rapidly compressed gas bubbles. The liquid may or may not be flammable, may be pure chemical compounds, homogenous mixtures or multilayer combinations of immiscible liquids. To ... |
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| Bulk Powder Electrostatics Hazards Evaluation |
Aug-1994 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
C J Dahn; Bernadette N Reyes; SAFETY CONSULTING ENGINEERS INC SHAUMBERG IL
|
| As process sizing increases, larger quantities of powders are handled at any location in the process. In the gun propellant manufacturing processes, large blend batch sizes produce more uniform gun ballistic output. In a few facilities, up to 100,000 pounds of propellant is blended in a single batch. Other facilities blend anywhere from 200 pounds to 5,000 pounds. Flare and pyrotechnic composition bulk powder operations have been scaled up to ... |
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| Debunking the Myth of Open Burning/Open Detonation's Environmental Unacceptability |
Aug-1994 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
MacDonald B Johnson; Douglas P Bacon; ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND UT
|
| For more than 40 years, open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) procedures have been the mainstay of energetic-ordnance disposal activities. Because these thermal treatment processes have been safe, reliable, expeditious, and economical, both government and industry felt little incentive until the early 1980s to develop other means for destroying the preponderance of unwanted munitions. In the last decade, however, OB/OD operations have been under a cloud of environmental suspicion, and provisions of ... |
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| Yield Line Analysis of Slabs with Covered Openings |
Aug-1994 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip C Wager; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA
|
| The yield line analysis method is used extensively throughout the blast design and analysis community to determine the strength of reinforced concrete structural elements to resist blast overpressures. Technical literature has long been available that describes the yield line method of analysis and explains how to derive the necessary analysis equations for a structural element such as a wall or a roof. Most presentations of the yield line analysis method ... |
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| Quantity-Distance Criteria for Small Net Explosives Quantities |
Aug-1994 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
J J Goold; M J Gould; J M Ward; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE EXPLOSIVES SAFETY BOARD ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) document AASTP1, Safety Principles for the Storage of Military Ammunition and Explosives does not provide quantity-distance criteria guidance for net explosive quantities (NEQ) less than 5OO kilograms -sitings are based on a minimum NEQ of 5OO kilograms. NATO AC258 (Group of Experts on the Safety Aspects of Transportation and Storage of Military Ammunition and Explosives) have held a series of workshops to address this ... |
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| Program Overview and Update for the Joint U.S./ROK Research, Development, and Testing Program for New Underground Ammunition Storage Technologies |
Aug-1994 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Gary W Abrisz; ARMY TECHNICAL CENTER FOR EXPLOSIVES SAFETY SAVANNA IL
|
| GOOD AFTERNOON. I AM GARY W. ABRISZ, THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF THE U.S. ARMY TECHNICAL CENTER FOR EXPLOSIVES SAFETY IN SAVANNA, ILLINOIS. I AM ALSO THE U.S. PROGRAM MANAGER FOR THE JOINT U.S./REPUBLIC OF KOREA RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND TEST PROGRAM TO DEVELOP NEW UNDERGROUND AMMUNITION STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES. MY PURPOSE IS TO PRESENT TO YOU TODAY A VERY BRIEF OVERVIEW AND UPDATE OF THE PROGRAM AND THE ONGOING AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES. ... |
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| Explosives Classification Program |
Aug-1994 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GERMANTOWN MD TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT DIV
|
| The purpose of the Explosives Classification Program is to ensure that new explosives, developed under DOE cognizance, are classified and transported in a conservatively safe manner and in compliance with established industrial standards and all applicable Federal regulations. The provisions of this Explosives Classification Program cover all Departmental Elements and contractors performing work for the Department as provided by law and/or contract and as implemented by the appropriate contracting officer. ... |
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| Advancements in Depleted Uranium Catchbox Designs for Ballistic Test Applications |
Aug-1994 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Steven C Torma; OLIN CORP ST PETERSBURG FL CHEMICAL DIV
|
| The present article reviews design considerations and structural affectivity of depleted uranium (DU) catchboxes. Environmental considerations have driven technical design advancements required to minimize the environmental impact encountered when decommissioning ballistic test facilities. Furthermore, this paper will review disposal challenges and alternative methods available for DU contaminated soil remediation. The depleted uranium (DU) Armor Piercing, Fin Stabilized, Discarding Sabot - Tracer (APFSDS-T) 120 mm tank ammunition cartridge is the primary ... |
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| State of the Art of Blast Resistant Windows |
Aug-1994 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald E Meyers; Donald Baldwin; Paul Mlakar; DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Over the past decade a reliable, but possibly conservative, practice has evolved for the design of blast resistant window systems. Herein, the procedure for glazing design is first summarized. This is then comprehensively compared to the results of various prototype tests. Next, the failure criteria for the glass component of the system is critically considered. Finally, the practice for window frame design is examined with a view toward reliable economies. ... |
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| Apollo, First Commercial Explosives Waste Incinerator in the U.S. - Status and Capability |
Aug-1994 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Mark M Zaugg; David J Bullis; John R Isbell; Robert C Morhard; David Zoghby; ICI EXPLOSIVES VALLEY FORGE PA
|
| Construction is nearing completion on the first commercial explosives waste incinerator in the U.S. designed specifically for incineration of explosives materials and items. Upon completion in September 1994, it will undergo commissioning and shakedown testing prior to trial burn testing and startup of commercial operations. The project, designated Apollo, is being built by ICI Explosives Environmental Company, on the ICI Explosives USA plant in Joplin, Missouri. This paper presents information ... |
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| Cost Effective Strengthening Measures to Increase the Blast Resistance of Structures Adjacent to Explosive Facilities |
Aug-1994 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Reuben Eytan; EYTAN BUILDING DESIGN LTD TEL AVIV (ISRAEL)
|
| The paper includes the description of the recent R & D efforts (1991 - 1994) in researching, developing, testing and building practical strengthening measures for existing civilian buildings to increase their resistance against explosive effects. The strengthening measures refer to all types of building elements sensitive to blast loadings, such as windows, doors, light roofs and weak ceilings, as constructed in normal unhardened buildings. The strengthening measures comprise additional means ... |
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| Hazard Ranges for Small Net Explosive Quantities in Hardened Aircraft Shelters |
Aug-1994 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Swisdak; M M Jr; J M Ward; E M Jacobs; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER INDIAN HEAD DIV SILVER SPRING MD INDIAN HEAD DIV
|
| An analysis of all available data has been performed to determine the effects of a detonation of small explosive weights inside the U.S. Third Generation Hardened Aircraft Shelters. An explosive weight for a Zero Quantity-Distance event has been established. In addition, the quantity-distances (Q-D) for both blast and fragmentation/debris have been established for charge weights up to 500 kilograms. These quantity-distance ranges are also formulated as proposed changes for both ... |
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| Performance Criteria for 12-Inch Concrete Substantial Dividing Walls |
Aug-1994 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick F Acosta; Zehrt; William H Jr; CORPS OF ENGINEERS HUNTSVILLE AL
|
| Large numbers of 12-inch concrete substantial dividing walls (SDWs) exist throughout the munitions production, operations, maintenance, and storage infrastructure. These walls are often used to subdivide explosives for quantity-distance definition and to provide operational shields for personnel. Current Army and Air Force safety regulations assume that 12-inch SDWs will prevent propagation for up to 425 pounds of Class/Division 1.1 explosives and will function as an operational shield for up to ... |
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| Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) OEW Cost Effectiveness Risk Tool (OEWCert) |
Aug-1994 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey L Riggs; Arkie Fanning; CORPS OF ENGINEERS HUNTSVILLE AL
|
| Efficient and effective allocation of resources has always been a prime management consideration. Due to the public perception of risk and the political considerations related to the Ordnance Explosive Waste (OEW) Program, a quantitative management tool was developed to calculate the amount of risk reduction that can be achieved per dollar spent on OEW site remediation. This tool, developed by QuantiTech, Inc., is the OEW Cost Effectiveness Risk Tool (OEWCert). ... |
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| Case Study of Structural Modifications to Existing Explosives Manufacturing Facility for Enhanced Capabilities and Increased Personnel Safety |
Aug-1994 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
D K Coatsworth; OLIN CORP INDEPENDENCE MO DEFENSE SYSTEMS
|
| The AMC-R 385-100 Safety Manual requires that facility modernization efforts involving an increase in explosive limits include provisions to upgrade existing facilities to meet explosion resistant construction criteria set forth in TM 5-1300, Structures To Resist The Effects of Accidental Explosions. Through a Safety Enhancement Modernization project for a Lead Styphnate and Tetracene manufacturing facility, analysis was conducted to determine the structural sufficiency of the kettle room reinforced concrete walls ... |
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| Intermediate-Scale Underground Magazine Explosion Tests Decoupled Ground Motion Experiments |
Aug-1994 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Gordon W McMahon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| A series of decoupled detonations were conducted in a one-third-scale underground magazine system. Chamber loading densities for these experiments were 1, 5, 15, and 42 kilograms per cubic-meter. The Composition B explosive sources included cast cubes (20.3-cm), reclaimed flaked material and M-15 mines. Ground motion sensors were grouted into holes drilled into a side wall and the roof of the detonation chamber, and in the wall of the main drift ... |
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| Determination of Worst Case Acceptors for Large Scale Sympathetic Detonation Testing |
Aug 1994 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Ona R Lyman; Robert Frey; William Lawrence; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The Project Manager for Ammunition Logistics (PM-AMMOLOG) has an interest in barriers which prevent sympathetic detonation between large stacks of ammunition. Test of such devices are very expensive, and the results are valid only for the munitions testsed. To extend the validity of such tests, PM-AMMOLOG would like to identify worst-case acceptors which can be used in such tests. A successful test with a worst-case acceptor would validate a barrier ... |
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| Storage of Limited Quantities of Explosives at Reduced Q-D |
Aug 1994 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
R S Wright; James P Manthey; CORPS OF ENGINEERS HUNTSVILLE AL
|
| Department of Defense installations often desire storage locations for limited quantities of explosives which may exceed existing Q-D requirements. Department of Defense Explosive Safety Regulations (DOD 6055.9) and implementing Army regulations (AR 385-64) require safety zones based on a 670 foot arc for quantities of explosives up to 100 pounds and 1250 feet minimum for higher quantities. These default limits can impose a severe burden on installations. A limited explosive ... |
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| TNT Equivalence of Selected U.S. Army Gun Propellants |
Aug 1994 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Swisdak; Michael M Jr; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER INDIAN HEAD DIV SILVER SPRING MD INDIAN HEAD DIV
|
| Tests have been conducted to determine the TNT equivalency of selected U.S. Army gun propellants. These tests examined M1, M6, and M30A1 propellants. The tests utilized relatively large stacks of material (Net Explosive Weight on the order of 2000 pounds). The tests were conducted by placing the material inside a heavy-walled concrete pipe. Airblast was measured outside the structure. Equivalent yield and TNT equivalency were determined from the airblast. All ... |
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| Bullet and Fragment Hazard Testing |
Aug 1994 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Overton C Parrent; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER INDIAN HEAD DIV SILVER SPRING MD INDIAN HEAD DIV
|
| An August 1992 meeting involving US and UK representatives included a USN technical presentation on bullet and fragment hazard tests. Discussions arose concerning the cardinal purpose of and the complexity of issues surrounding the tests, and the recognition that it would be advantageous for the UK and the US to arrive at a bilateral agreement on the nature and use of those tests. This situation paper resulted from those discussions. ... |
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| A Model for Injury from Fragments Generated by the Explosion of Munitions |
Aug 1994 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
S M Gilbert; F P Lees; N F Scilly; LOUGHBOROUGH UNIV OF TECHNOLOGY (UNITED KINGDOM) DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| A model is described for the assessment of the injury to persons exposed in the open to primary fragments generated by the explosion of a stack of munitions. The model is in two parts, the first dealing with the generation and flight of the fragments and the second with their injuring power. The model accepts standard fragment mass distribution data for the unit of weapons. It generates the probabilities of ... |
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| Computer Enhancements for Determining Explosive Fragmentation Q-D |
Aug 1994 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Robert E Hasse; James P Manthey; Paul M LaHoud; CORPS OF ENGINEERS HUNTSVILLE AL
|
| Operations involving the manufacture, storage and maintenance of explosives and munitions create an unusual risk to people and unrelated facilities. To reduce this risk to acceptable levels Department of Defense Explosive Safety Regulations define minimum separation distances. Required safety zones are based on a 670 foot separation distance for quantities of explosive less than 100 pounds and 1250 feet minimum for higher quantities. The land encumbered by these safety zones ... |
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| Predicting Coalescence of Blast Waves from Sequentially Exploding Ammunition Stacks |
Aug 1994 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
John Starkenberg; Kelly J Benjamin; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The current requirement that quantity-distance computations for air blast limitations be based on the total weight of all mass-detonating explosives at a storage site may be excessively restrictive. Therefore, a computer program called BWACO, which is intended to estimate pertinent aspects of the blast environment associated with sequentiality detonating. spatially distributed ammunition stacks, was developed. This paper explains the assumptions used and documents the evolution of BWACO on the Cray ... |
|
| MK 83 Warhead Effectiveness Tests |
Aug 1994 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen J Schelfhout; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The Coastal Systems Station has been tasked by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM) Program Engineering Office 407 (PMO 407), Mine Warfare Systems, to develop Shallow Water Mine Countermeasure (SWMCM) systems that will clear mines and obstacles in a lane from the sea onto the high water mark on the beach at the beginning of an amphibious assault. One of these SWMCM projects, Obstacle Breaching System (OBS), is tasked to ... |
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| Simplified Kingery Airblast Calculations |
Aug 1994 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Swisdak; Michael M Jr; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER INDIAN HEAD DIV MD
|
| In July 1980, the Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) Explosive Safety Standard DOD 6055.9-STD became linked with or referenced to the 1966 Kingery Hemispherical TNT Surface Burst airblast compilation. In 1984, a revised Kingery compilation was released. The 1984 Kingery paper presented the compiled airblast parameters in terms of high order polynomials. Since its adoption by the DDESB, questions have been raised about this compilation. Questions such as ... |
|
| The Murat Labels: A Good Answer to IM Policies - The Example of the French Doctrine |
Aug 1994 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick Lamy; Jean Isler; DGA/DSP/STTC ARMEES (FRANCE) COMPLEX SYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPT
|
| Most of the main nations involved in the ordnance production have nowadays issued IM Policies. The aim of these Policies is to provide an incentive to structure research programs and to develop the technology necessary for production and procurement of IM for service use. But very often the requirements of these Policies are directed towards a reduction of hazards due to specific threats, as a result of a Threat Hazard ... |
|
| Spigot Intrusion |
Aug 1994 |
|
| Authors:
I G Wallace; MINISTRY OF DEFENCE BATH (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| The Chief inspector of Naval Ordnance (CINO) is the Safety Approving Authority for all munitions which are embarked on HM ships. CINO therefore has to be satisfied that embarked stores are adequately safe. This is largely a question of having sufficient confidence in how a store will behave in a range of normal and abnormal environments. Simplistically the process which is gone through to acquire much of this confidence is ... |
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| The U.S. Army Ordnance and Explosives Waste (OEW) Task Force |
Aug 1994 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Byrd; John L Jr; ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER AND SCHOOL SAVANNA IL
|
| The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), established the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP). This program requires the Department of Defense (DOD) to identify, investigate, and clean up Ordnance and Explosives Waste (OEW), to include that which contaminates Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS). The Department of the Army (DA) has been designated as the ... |
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| An Investigation into the Relative Risks from the Road Transport of Blasting Explosives in Maximum Loads of 5 Tonne and 16 Tonne |
Aug 1994 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
R Merrifield; P A Moreton; AEA TECHNOLOGY WARRINGTON (UNITED KINGDOM)
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| In 1992 the UK Health and Safety Commission published a report by the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Substances (ACDS) of a five year study into the risks of transporting dangerous commodities in the UK. The risks associated with both road and rail transportation of five such commodities, including explosives, were studied. The risks from these activities were found to be tolerable but at a level requiring consideration for further reduction ... |
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Ammunition and Explosives
