| Social Psychological Issues in the Adaptation of a US Army Unit to the UNPROFOR Mission |
JUL 94 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartons; Mark A. Vaitkus; Amy B. Adlon; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
 | Peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance missions are increasing in frequency and importance in the post-Cold War era. The U.S. military is currently participating in major UN peacekeeping operations in Somalia (Operation Restore Hope) and the former Yugoslavia (Operation Provide Promise). While much is known about soldier stress and adaptation in more conventional military operations, the U.S. military has little experience with peacekeeping missions. How combat-trained units and soldiers adapt to this ... |
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| Attitudes Toward Peacekeeping and Peacemaking Among U.S. Infantry Soldiers Deployed to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
JUL 94 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Vaitkus; Paul T. Bartone; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| This paper reports survey findings from 171 members of the 6-502d Infantry who had just returned to Berlin from their deployment to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in support of Operation Able Sentry (January 1994). The focus is on those items related to attitudes about peacekeeping and serving with the United Nations as part of a multinational force. Although we hypothesized that their essentially "constabulary role" in Berlin would ... |
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| Learning Hand/Eye Coordination by an Active Observer. Part 1: Organizing Centers |
JUL 94 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Jean-Yves Herve; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK CENTER FOR AUTOMATION RESEARCH
|
| This report, the first of a three-part series, presents preliminary results in a study on the role of the active observer in the hand/eye coordination problem. It was shown in 11 that the hand/eye coordination problem can be represented, for a given pose of the observer, by the singularities of a surface, the PCS. Small changes in the pose of the observer generally produce smooth deformations of the PCS. There ... |
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| Determinants of Effective Unit Performance: Research on Measuring and Managing Unit Training Readiness |
JUL 94 |
341 pages |
| Authors:
Robert F. Holtz; Jack H. Hiller; Howard H. Mcfann; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| One of the primary missions of the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (USARI) is to conduct research and development to maximize the performance effectiveness of combat units. In recent years, ARI has increased its emphasis on unit collective training research in recognition that, although the Army recruits individuals, it fights as units. The research reported in this volume employed a wide spectrum of behavioral and ... |
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| Occupational Outcome in Military Aviators After Psychiatric Hospitalization |
JUL 94 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher Flynn; Suzanne McGlohn; Ralph E. Miles; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX AEROSPACE MEDICINE DIRECTORATE
|
| This study examined whether psychiatric hospitalization precluded a return to the highly demanding occupational setting of flight duties in the USAF. A 7 year retrospective review of two computerized databases was joined by individual identifiers. One database contained psychiatric hospitalization information and the other confirmed occupational responsibilities. This is one of the first studies with the capability to join psychiatric hospitalization to longitudinal occupational follow-up. All USAF aviators (N = ... |
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| A Comparison of Signals from Two Occlusive Cuff Cardiovascular Sensors Used for the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception |
JUL 94 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
|
| This study was designed to investigate the correlation between cardiovascular signals measured during a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examination using the occlusive arm and finger cuffs. Twenty subjects completed a number search task and participated in a PDD examination where the questions addressed the number circled during the number search task. Half of the subjects circled numbers within the range of the PDD questions and half circled numbers outside ... |
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| Commanders' Priorities and Psychological Readiness |
30 JUN 94 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartone; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| This brief research report summarizes the results of a study by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) on commanders' priorities and psychological readiness. The study confirms some conventional wisdom regarding leadership: that leaders' beliefs and values can influence subordinates' psychological readiness for combat. The study examined 51 Army company-sized units. Results show that leader emphasis on soldier morale or "human dimensions" issues is positively related to soldier readiness ... |
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| Where there is a Will, there is a Way: Understanding the American Attitude Toward War |
17 JUN 94 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas P. Gallagher; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
|
| Throughout the history of the United States, US national will has been misunderstood and judged to be weak. The American domestic political tradition of criticism and dissension is often misinterpreted by foreign observers looking to take a measure of American foreign policies. Many of these observers mistakenly take American public opinion to be a reflection of the American public's willingness to support foreign involvement. Foreign and domestic leaders need to ... |
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| OPDEC: The Operational Commander's Key to Surprise and Victory |
17 JUN 94 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey A. Kwallek; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
|
| This paper examines operational deception (OPDEC) as the operational commander's key to achieving surprise and victory. The paper describes what OPDEC is and discusses some important principles for conducting successful deception operations. In the context of those principles, it reviews four highly successful deception cases--the 1956 Sinai Campaign, the 1967 Six Day War, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, and Desert Storm, highlighting significant lessons learned and their relevance for the ... |
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| Interdisciplinary Training in Life Sciences (FY91 Assert) |
15 JUN 94 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Steinman; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION AND ADVANCEMENT
|
| This grant supports the interdisciplinary training (psychology, neuroscience and computer science) of an advanced graduate student (Julie Epelboim), who is earning a PH.D. in Psychology by participating as a graduate Research Assistant on AFOSR Grant 91-0124, entitled 'Coordinated action in 3-D Space'. Her doctoral thesis will be derived from problems investigated in this 'parent' grant which has two main thrusts. First, it tests alternative hypotheses about the mechanism that controls ... |
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| Assessing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and PTSD Symptomatology in U. S. Army Personnel |
11 JUN 94 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartone; Mark A. Adler; Mark A. Vaitkus; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| This poster presentation reports on selected findings from a large- scale survey study of U.S. Army Gulf War veterans, showing that combat exposure is related to PTSD caseness for substantial numbers of soldiers. In defining PTSD, the diagnostic algorithm contained in DSM3-R was followed, using appropriate self-reported symptons from two scales in the soldier survey. While this PTSD scale was adequate to the purpose, some of the items were less ... |
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| Identifying the Cognitive Decrements Caused By HIV |
10 JUN 94 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Diane L. Damos; Richard S. John; Elizabeth S. Parker; Alexandra M. Levine; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES INST OF SAFETY AND SYSTEMS MANA GEMENT
|
| This study had two purposes. The first was to determine the disease stage at which cognitive decrements caused by HIV become detectable. The second was to compare the sensitivity of information processing tests to neuropsychological instruments for detecting cognitive deficits caused by HIV. The study design initially had five groups: an asymptomatic group (Walter Reed Stages 1, 2, and 3), a symptomatic group (Walter Reed Stages 4 and 5), a ... |
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| Augmentation of Research on Cognitive Control |
07 JUN 94 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Whitney; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| The influence of individual differences in working memory span (WMS) on comprehension of instructional text was examined. Results from the second year of the AASERT grant showed that readers across the range of WMS paid special attention to thematic statements when they read instructional texts. This was shown through longer reading times of sentences in the initial position of paragraphs. However, if comprehension of specific details was stresses by asking ... |
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| The Factors of Soldier's Load |
03 JUN 94 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen J. Townsend; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
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 | This study examines the factors that cause or contribute to the overloading of dismounted combat soldiers in the Army of the 1990's. This examination considers the body of literature on the subject, primarily post- World War II, to identify what factors cause soldiers to carry too much weight into battle. The goals of the study are to identify the causative factors and increase leader understanding of the problem and review ... |
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| The Impact of Command Likelihood on Commitment |
03 JUN 94 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Steven M. Jones; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
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| This study focuses on how commitment among army officers, having between five and fifteen years of commissioned service, may be impacted as a consequence of the army's current drawdown. It was hypothesized that officer commitment would decline as a result of a reduced likelihood of commanding a battalion. Additionally, an officer's branch specialty and number of alternatives defining a successful career were expected to have varying impact on commitment. Despite ... |
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| Marshal Louis N. Davout and the Art of Command |
03 JUN 94 |
157 pages |
| Authors:
John M. Keefe; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This paper involves an in-depth study of the art of command at all three levels of warfare. It examines this art through the eyes of one of Napoleon's Marshals, Louis N. Davout. The paper addresses and accomplishes three primary goals. First, it defines act of command and shows its relevance to modern day warfare. Second, the paper shows that Marshal Davout was the best of Napoleon's generals and had an ... |
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| Dragoon or Cavalryman, Major General John Buford in the American Civil War |
03 JUN 94 |
198 pages |
| Authors:
Mark R. Stricker; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This study investigates the American Civil War role and contributions of Major General John Buford. Buford, a 1848 graduate of the United States Military Academy, began his Army career on America's frontier with the First United States Dragoons. With the outbreak of the Civil War, Buford was selected to command a cavalry brigade in John Pope's Army of Virginia, and participated in the Second Manassas Campaign. Buford went on to ... |
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| National Service and Its Effect on the Army's Ability to Acquire Quality Soldiers |
03 JUN 94 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Allen W. Batschelet; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This thesis investigates the effect the National and Community Service Act of 1993 will have on the Army's ability to acquire high-quality soldiers. The research shows that the Act of 1993 will attract one-third of the high-quality youth who had previously indicated a desire to serve in the Army. This equates to 24,500 of the 70,000 individuals the Army must recruit annually. The analysis includes a determination of the factors ... |
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| EPIC Computational Models of Psychological Refractory-Period Effects in Human Multiple-Task Performance |
01 JUN 94 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
David E. Meyer; David E. Kieras; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR DIV OF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
|
| Perceptual-motor and cognitive processes whereby people perform multiple concurrent tasks have been studied through an overlapping-tasks procedure. During this procedure, two successive choice-region tasks are performed with a variable interval (stimulus onset asynchrony, or SOA) between the beginning of the first and second tasks. Subjects' reaction times (RTs) for Task 2 are typically greater after very short SOAs. The RT increase, called the psychological refractory-period (PRP) effect, reveals basic characteristics ... |
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| Assessment of the ACSE Science Learning Environment and the Impact of Movies and Simulations |
01 JUN 94 |
|
| Authors:
John F. Pane; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
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| This paper describes an empirical study that assesses a multimedia science learning environment, and the impact on student learning of movies and simulations as lesson components. The study measures summative effects on student performance and satisfaction, and gathers formative data about student use of the environment for iterative improvement to the system and lessons. Two lessons containing movies and simulations were compared with lessons that used static graphics to present ... |
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| Tractable Temporal Reasoning: Temporal Spatial Constraint Propagation Management |
JUN 94 |
|
| Authors:
Louis J. Hoebel; ROME LAB GRIFFISS AFB NY
|
| The focus of this work has been to develop a practical temporal reasoner suitable for use in large scale and dynamic problems. The system developed is expressive and capable of supporting anytime temporal reasoning in application areas such as time dependent planning, execution, monitoring and natural language dialog. Initial results are obtained by comparing a compilation of constraints using the hierarchy based space and time (S&T) system to a compilation ... |
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| An Annotated Bibliography on Second Language Acquisition |
JUN 94 |
124 pages |
| Authors:
Cathie E. Alderks; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This report summarizes representative literature in second language acquisition and learning. Writings by the major theorists and researchers were abstracted. These writings were categorized by topic: Testing/Evaluation, Feedback, Interlanguage, General Language Research Issues, Instruction vs. Natural Learning, Acquisition/Order and Acquisition, Personal Factors, Attrition, Strategies and Styles of Learning, Theory, and Computerized Learning. Summaries of the articles are provided. Second language acquisition, Retention, Foreign language, Language. Interlanguage, |
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| Learning Styles of Government and Industry Negotiators: An Analysis |
JUN 94 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Hayward; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This research sought to identify and compare the predominant learning styles of Government versus Industry negotiators using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory. Additionally it sought to identify and analyze differences and similarities between Government Procuring Contracting Officers (PCOS) and Administrative Contracting Officers (ACOs), Government versus Industry negotiators, and by variances due to educational background. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory is a self descriptive questionnaire designed to measure individual emphasis on ... |
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| The Social Construction of Gender in the U.S. Navy |
JUN 94 |
151 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas S. Borrebach; Norman G. Fitzpatrick; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis explores the social construction of masculinity in the U. S. Navy and its implication for the successful integration of women. Semi- structured, in-depth interviews of 40 Naval Academy graduates were the major source of data. The literature explores the construction of masculinity and how the identity of men is developed through social interaction. Constant comparative analysis of qualitative data yielded 15 major themes. The themes display various ways ... |
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| The Effectiveness of Tactical Adaptation and Coordination Training on Team Performance in Tactical Scenarios |
JUN 94 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Lonnie R. Green; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| In Command and Control, decisions require the fusion of inputs from a number of subordinate decision-makers during the situation assessment process. The tactical operating environment often introduces stress into the team's decision-making process. The Office of Naval Technology in Arlington, VA has sponsored research under the Tactical Decision-Making Under Stress (TADMUS) program to study ways to minimize the degradation to the teams' effectiveness during these periods. Under the TADMUS Project, ... |
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| Sorption of Trace-Level Organics by ABS, FEP, FRE and FRP Well Casings |
JUN 94 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A. Ranney; Louise V. Parker; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The first part of this report contains the results of a literature review on whether four polymeric materials ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE (ABS) , fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), fiberglass-reinforced epoxy (FRE) and fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) should be used in well casings when monitoring groundwater. The second part of this report contains the results of a laboratory study that compares sorption of low (mg/L) levels of dissolved organics by these four materials ... |
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| An Alternative Approach for Measuring Black Representation in Navy Enlisted Occupations |
JUN 94 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Gary B. Dye; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis examines the possible outcomes of U.S. Navy policies to achieve proportional representation of blacks in enlisted occupations. This thesis employs two models to analyze the distribution of black enlisted men in the Navy's occupational specialties. The first model uses FY 1979, FY1982, FY1985, and FY1988 cohort data to examine black male occupational representation during the fifth year of service. This study introduces a new approach to control for ... |
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| Situation Awareness: Papers and Annotated Bibliography |
JUN 94 |
167 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Vidulich; Cynthia Dominguez; Eric Vogel; Grant McMillan; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| This report combines an annotated bibliography about situation awareness (SA) with four papers that discuss central issues for SA research. The report was compiled to support the Armstrong Laboratory's Situation Awareness Integration (SAINT) team. The annotated bibliography includes the citations and reviews of over 200 articles that discuss SA research or the role of SA in operational systems. These articles are indexed by keyword and author(s). The four papers address ... |
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| Event-Related Potentials Index Subclinical Neurological Differences in HIV Patients During Rapid Decision-Making |
JUN 94 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
S. E. Linnville; F. S. Elliott; G. Larson; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Thirteen asymptomatic HIV-infected and 13 healthy control subjects underwent a battery of behavioral and electrophysiological assessments. The behavioral measures tested IQ, computational skills, visual-spatial memory, and psychomotor ability with normative data for comparison. The electrophysiological measures included event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to auditory, 'oddball' targets in either a single or dual channel delivery. The behavioral results indicated that the HIV group performed similarly to the Control group. The ERP ... |
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| Learning Effects on Strategy Selection in a Dynamic Task Environment as a Function of Time Pressure |
JUN 94 |
|
| Authors:
J. H. Kerstholt; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
|
| Previous research on strategy selection in dynamic task environments indicated that subjects preferred to request information first, before an action was applied, even when the straightforward application of actions would have resulted in more optimal performance. Furthermore, this strategy was also used when subjects only had limited time for diagnosis. In the present experiment it was investigated whether the amount of training could account for the limited use that subjects ... |
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| Machine Learning: A Comparative Study of Pattern Theory and C4.5 |
JUN 94 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery A. Goldman; AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| The Machine Learning field has identified several different inductive bias classes with Occam's Razor being held as an accepted paradigm. C4.5, an extension of ID3, is one of the leaders in this class of learning systems with which other systems measure their ability. A completely different approach, yet still a method in the class of Occam biased learning mechanisms, is Pattern Theory. This approach seeks to recognize patterns in a ... |
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| Temporal Pacing in Visual Attention |
JUN 94 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
June J. Skelly; Merry M. Roe; Mari R. Jones; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| Viewers engaged in a continuous letter classification task involving selective attending to one of two information streams (relevant and irrelevant). Temporal and spatial relations were systematically varied between the two streams to address hypotheses about external control of attention in dynamic environments. Relative event timing was varied both within and between the two streams. Spatial relationships for relevant and irrelevant events was the same for experiments 1 & 3, but ... |
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| An Analysis of Voice Responses for the Detection of Deception |
JUN 94 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Victor L. Cestaro; Andrew B. Dollins; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
|
| This study was designed to examine the feasibility of using audio pitch analysis and spectrum decomposition techniques to aid in the detection of deception following a numbers test. Usable audio recordings from 28 of 44 male subjects' responses during a Peak of Tension (POT) test were made while a Lafayette field polygraph was usedAo collect respiration, cardiovascular, and electrodermal responses for manual evaluation. Half of the examinees were programmed 'deceptive' ... |
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| Big Eagle, Little Dragon: Propaganda and The Coercive Use of Airpower Against North Vietnam |
JUN 1994 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Forrest E. Morgan; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIRPOWER STUDIES
|
| In 1959, Alexander George reconstructed a methodology the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) used to analyze Nazi propaganda during World War II. This same methodology, with adjustments for differences in culture and ideology, might have been used to analyze North Vietnamese propaganda to help evaluate the effectiveness of America's coercive air campaign against North Vietnamese. Throughout the war, North Vietnamese leaders used political propaganda to manipulate the opinions of the people ... |
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| Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Formation |
31 MAY 94 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Gary Lynch; CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE CENTER FOR THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
|
| Work described in past progress reports led to the conclusion that the postsynaptic glutamate receptors which mediate fast, excitatory transmission in mammalian brain are the sites at which the changes responsible for LTP occur. Moreover, pharmacological and physiological experiments indicated that the nature of the change involved a modification of receptor channel kinetics. Modelling studies, incorporating this information into a biologically realistic simulation of the receptor, resulted in a specific ... |
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| Institute for the Study of Human Capabilities |
31 MAY 94 |
124 pages |
| Authors:
Charles S. Watson; INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN CAPABILITIES BLOOMINGTON IN
|
| During the final year of the award we devoted considerable time to an evaluation of the Institute's activities during its first years of operation. A great deal has been accomplished, as described in this report and the annual reports that preceded it. It was recognized in our final evaluation of the Institutes accomplishments, however, that the central theme of 'human capabilities' to too broad to accurately represent the range of ... |
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| Soldier, Statesman, Scholar: A Study of Strategic Generalship |
27 MAY 94 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Maurice L. Todd; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MIL ITARY STUDIES
|
| Contrary to Army promotion policies and practices today, all types of generalship are not the same. Instead there are different types of generalship required for different levels of command and specialized function Unfortunately, the Army's focus on promoting officers to general rank based almost exclusively on tactical unit assignments does not address the differences in the requirements for the different types of generalship, particularly at the strategic level. The key ... |
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| Cognitive/Self-Regulatory Aptitudes and Instructional Methods for Complex Skill Learning |
26 MAY 94 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip L. Ackerman; Ruth Kanfer; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| The research described in the proposal has continued on-track, and on-schedule. To date three major studies have been completed, and are in various phases of write-up and submission for publication. The studies are: (1) Validation of a theoretical taxonomy of perceptual speed abilities; (2) A study of part-task training and aptitude-treatment interactions in transfer of training; and (3) A study of the ability and self-regulatory aptitude components of asymptotic skills. ... |
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| Gene Regulation in Memory Formation and Circadian Rhythms |
23 MAY 94 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Arnold Eskin; HOUSTON UNIV TX DEPT OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL SCIENCES
|
| One general objective of this research is to investigate the role of gene expression in circadian rhythms and in memory formation. Another general objective of this research is to develop a new system suitable for both biochemical and molecular studies of circadian rhythms. More specifically, having previously identified a number of proteins that may play important roles in memory formation and circadian rhythms, we wished to explore the function of ... |
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| The Media and the U.S. Army: You Don't Always Get What You Want; You May Just Get What You Need |
23 MAY 94 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Clinton D. Esarey; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MIL ITARY STUDIES
|
| Recently, the Chief of Staff of the Army stated that the United States Army must successfully wield new information technologies to ensure land force dominance into the twenty-first century. Currently the Army is developing an Information Operations Concept that describes the framework for the Army to conduct information warfare; however, the concept only generically treats the dynamic to move information from the battlefield to external audiences such as the American ... |
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| Contract Learning Pilot Study (Project Kaizen) Report |
20 MAY 94 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Jay W. Gould III; Donald S. Fujii; DEFENSE SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT COLL FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| A major part of the PMC curriculum is the Integrative Program Management classes which offers the students the opportunity to combine functional knowledge, student and faculty experience, and original thought in an integrated series of experimental exercises--- Experimental Learning (EL), Integrated Subjects (IS), and Grand Slam (GS) classes. The students in Section C, a senior section comprised of 0-6s, GS/GM-15s who had considerable Program Management Office experience, expressed a desire ... |
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| Operational Leader Development: Fostering the Institutionalization of Intellectual Innovation |
20 MAY 94 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Agolia; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MIL ITARY STUDIES
|
| The Army must develop leaders who are capable of managing uncertainty and change; leaders who can intellectually innovate. Intellectual change and innovation is the basis of appropriate and enduring physical/organizational change. How an organization learns from experience impacts on how it anticipates the future and how it adapts to function effectively in the current environment. Transforming the Army into a learning organization will allow the Army to institutionalize the fostering ... |
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| A Comparison of Decision Making Behaviour in a Static and a Dynamic Task Environment as a Function of Time Pressure (Een Vergelijking van Beslisgedrag in een Statische en een Dynamische Taakomgeving Als Functie van Tijdsdruk) |
20 MAY 94 |
|
| Authors:
J. H. Kerstholt; A. R. Pieters; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
|
| Decision making research shows an increasing interest for time- dependent decisions. In contrast with decision making in static tasks, where, based on the available information, only one decision needs to be made, dynamic environments offer the possibility to adjust incorrect decisions through continuous feedback on the overall system state. It is therefore to be expected that the outcome performance will be better in a dynamic than in a static task ... |
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| The Puzzle of War and Other than War. An Army Awakening? |
18 MAY 94 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Mark H. Gerner; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Revolutionary changes in political affairs have had a significant impact on military-thinking and theory. This study explores the nature of war, operations it other than war, and the connecting thought between the two. It argues the point that warfare itself may not be changing, but rather the wars of the future suggest that the human concepts of war may be in revolution. The paper connects philosophy and theory with training, ... |
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| A Database for Analyzing Sequential Behavioral Data and Their Associated Cognitive Models |
15 MAY 94 |
|
| Authors:
Bonnie E. John; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| Sequential behavioral data, be it verbal protocols, automatically- recorded keystrokes, or complete videotape protocols, can be analyzed at different levels of detail and from different viewpoints. If raw behavioral data is stored in a powerful database, rather than a simple text file, many domains will allow some automatic interpretation of that data. In addition, the raw data can be compared with traces of an associated computational cognitive model to assess ... |
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| Role of Working Memory Limitations of Retrieval |
12 MAY 94 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Randall W. Engle; SOUTH CAROLINA UNIV COLUMBIA DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| Over the past year, 11 studies have been completed on the role of working memory limitations on storage retrieval of information. One series demonstrated that, if subjects are highly trained and there is no interference among the items being retrieved, working memory limitations play no role in retrieval. However if there is interference among the information being retrieved, individuals low in working memory capacity suffer in retrieval from active memory ... |
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| The Media and the Operational Commander: A Shotgun Marriage |
06 MAY 94 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Susan P. Kellett-Forsyth; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MIL ITARY STUDIES
|
| This monograph examines the media's influence on the operational commander's decision making. Understanding the media is key to the military commander's ability to function in today's complex environment. The monograph begins by examining the relationship between the military and the media and provides soma background on the basis for the inherent tension that exists between the two institutions. Some applications and implications of media use and purpose are studied in ... |
|
| Operational Battle Command: Lessons for the Future |
06 MAY 94 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas J. Morrison; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MIL ITARY STUDIES
|
| Future thinking, decisive decision-making, and leadership provide the foundation for the analysis of battle command in theory, doctrine1 and history. Classical and modern military theorists make the commander the central point for leadership and vision. The art of command, leadership, and generalship have long been subject to review and scrutiny. This has taken on additional emphasis with the publication of U.S. Army Field Manual (FM) 100-5, Operations, in 1993. FM ... |
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| Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Past, Present, and Future |
MAY 94 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Valerie J. Shute; Joseph Psotka; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE
|
| In this paper, we address many aspects of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) in our search for answers to the following main questions; (a) What are the precursors of ITS? (b) What does the term mean? (c) What are some important milestones and issues across the 20+ year history of ITS? (d) What is the status of ITS evaluations? and (e) What is the future of ITS? We start with an ... |
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| Person/Job Fit Model of Communication Apprehension in Organizations |
MAY 94 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Donald L. Harville; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE
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| The literature on communication apprehension (CA) was shown to be relevant to both occupational preference and to job satisfaction. In order to expand the person/job match literature on CA and to examine the occupational behavior of individuals as a function of their CA, a model of CA, job level held, communication requirements of the job, and job satisfaction was developed. A total of 601 employees who had attended a career ... |
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Psychology
