| Choice Bimanual Aiming with Unequal Indices of Difficulty |
APR 95 |
255 pages |
| Authors:
George M. Waltensperger; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
 | Human performance response times are typically predicted using two models. Hick's Law, used to predict reaction time (RT), linearly relates RT to the information content of the stimulus. Fitts' Law linearly relates movement time (MT) to the difficulty (ID) of the particular task. Three studies were conducted to characterize temporal bimanual aiming performance. Pilot Study I verified Hick's and Fitts' Laws for unimanual tasks only. Pilot Study II established the ... |
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| Learning Automated Product Recommendations Without Observable Features: An Initial Investigation |
APR 95 |
|
| Authors:
Mary S. Lee; Andrew W. Moore; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA ROBOTICS INST
|
 | It is appealing to imagine software packages that provide personally tailored product recommendations to a consumer. One way to predict the rating of a particular product by a particular consumer is through inference from a database of previous ratings by many consumers of many products. Such a database consists of triplets of the forms: (product-identifier, consumer-identifier, rating). Generally such databases will be sparse, but nevertheless we may hope to derive ... |
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| U.S.-Sino Relations in the Twentieth Century: A Crisis of Conscience |
APR 95 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Mark D. Still; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| U.S.-Sino relations in the twentieth century have been driven by a constant battle between the ideological and pragmatic components of the American psyche a crisis of conscience. The motivation behind U.S. policy has swung from pure profit, to regional balance of power, to rampant paranoia and the red scare, and back towards regional stability, all within the span of 95 years. The multi polar world we now occupy by no ... |
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| Common Rules of Engagement for the Armies of the United States and Australia: A Proposal Stranded on the Moral High Ground |
APR 1995 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Roy H. Abbott; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S SCHOOL CHARLOTTESVILE VA
|
| This thesis examines the viability of creating a set of standing rules of engagement (ROE) for use in combined operations by the armies of the United States and Australia. It is a critical analysis of the significant factors that influence the selection of ROE. The thesis argues that these factors are subject to deeply different interpretations by the land forces of the two nations and that there are good reasons ... |
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| Child Neglect in the Military Community: Are We Neglecting the Child? |
APR 1995 |
173 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa M. Schenck; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S SCHOOL CHARLOTTESVILE VA
|
| This thesis examines the lack of criminal standards for child neglect in the military community. It shows the need for uniform criminal standards to provide notice of parental responsibilities, to promote fairness, to ensure options for commanders, to maintain unit readiness and discipline, and to maintain unit and community morale and welfare. The thesis argues that although a prevalent problem in the military community, child neglect is disregarded and handled ... |
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| Analysis of Symbolic Parameter Models |
16 MAR 95 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Herbert A. Simon; Thad Polk; Kurt VanLehn; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA LEARNING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
|
| Model-fitting, the problem of finding parameter settings that cause a model to fit given data as closely as possible, is a hard but important problem in cognitive science in general, and in cognitive diagnosis in particular. Efficient solutions have been found for certain types of model-fitting problems (e.g., linear and integer programming) that involve specific types of parameters (usually continuous) and models (usually linear). But these techniques usually do not ... |
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| Procurement Activities and the Use of Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Funds by the U.S. Special Operations Command |
13 MAR 1995 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA
|
| The audit was performed to follow up on issues raised in an Inspector General, DoD, inspection of the U.S. Special Operations Command (the Command). The report discusses the use of Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation funds; the adequacy of procurement oversight; and the contracting out of inherently governmental functions by the Command. The Command plans for and conducts special operations, psychological operations, and civil affairs ... |
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| Development and Application of a Model of Individual Decision Making |
10 MAR 95 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Edward E. Smith; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| The major purposes of our grant were: (a) to develop a psychological model of human reasoning in situations in which people are told some facts and then have to assign probabilities to generalizations of these facts; and (b) to use this model to develop "reasoning prosthetics," i.e., automated procedures that enable an individual reasoner to increase the accuracy of his or her probability judgments while remaining faithful to one's core ... |
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| Identifying the Cognitive Decrements Caused by HIV |
01 MAR 95 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Diane L. Damos; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES INST OF SAFETY AND SYSTEMS MANA GEMENT
|
| This document summarizes the work conducted on this grant. One major experiment was conducted examining the effects of HIV on cognitive processes for a group of asymptomatic HIV+ homosexual and bisexual males, as defined using the Walter Reed Classification System. The HIV+ subjects were compared to a matched group of HIV- homosexual and bisexual males and to a second group of matched HIV- heterosexual males. Two types of cognitive assessment ... |
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| A Comparison of Social Influences and Rational Approaches to E-Mail Use |
MAR 95 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Michele A. DeWerth; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This analysis of a random sample survey sought to determine what impact social influence, personal experience and perceived electronic mail characteristics have on electronic mail use. With the increasing predominance of computers and computer-mediated communication, electronic mail usage is becoming an important means of communication within and among organizations. Electronic mail may also become an important way organizations can communicate with individuals in their communities. Previous research has suggested electronic ... |
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| Information Subsidies and the Influence of Military Public Affairs on the Local Newspaper |
MAR 95 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony D. Roake; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This study examines the beat reporter-source relationship between a local newspaper and a United States military installation. A comparison of information subsidy use by two midsized Georgia newspapers was accomplished through content analysis. Military base related news items in the Augusta Chronicle and the Macon Telegraph were compared with information subsidies from nearby military installations. Results indicate: military beat reporters who spend more time on the beat use more information ... |
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| A Study of Interaction in Distance Learning |
MAR 95 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Robert G. Main; Eric O. Riise; CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV CHICO COLL OF COMMUNICATION
|
| To answer the numerous questions concerning interaction in distance learning, a better definition of the variable interaction is needed. This study attempts to qualify the concept of interaction by applying various dimensions such as AMOUNT, TIMELINESS, METHOD, SPONTANEITY, and QUALITY. In turn, these dimensions of interaction lend themselves to the creation of a taxonomy for research and evaluation purposes. |
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| Towards Human Control Strategy Learning: Neural Network Approach With Variable Activation Functions |
MAR 95 |
|
| Authors:
Michael C. Nechyba; Yangsheng Xu; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA ROBOTICS INST
|
| Human beings epitomize the concept of "intelligent control." Despite its apparent computational advantage over humans, no machine or computer has come close to achieving the level of sensor-based control of which humans are capable. Thus, there is a clear need to develop computational methods which can abstract human skill based on sensory feedback. Neural networks offer one such method with their ability to map complex nonlinear functions. This paper is ... |
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| Using Case-Based Reasoning as a Reinforcement Learning Framework for Optimization with Changing Criteria |
MAR 95 |
|
| Authors:
Dajun Zeng; Katia Sycara; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA ROBOTICS INST
|
| Practical optimization problems such as job-shop scheduling of-ten involve optimization criteria that change over time. Repair-based frameworks have been identified as flexible computational paradigms for difficult combinatorial optimization problems. Since the control problem of repair-based optimization is severe, Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques can be potentially helpful. However, some of the fundamental assumptions made by traditional RL algorithms are not valid for repair-based optimization. Case- Based Reasoning (CBR) compensates for some ... |
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| DoD Service Academies. Update on Extent of Sexual Harassment |
MAR 95 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL A FFAIRS DIV
|
| We previously reported that between half and three-quarters of academy women experienced at least one form of sexual harassment on a recurring basis during academic year 1990-91,2 whereas the vast majority of men indicated never having experienced sexual harassment at the academy. Our surveys inquired about 10 forms of harassment that were derived from previous surveys conducted among federal workers by the Merit Systems Protection Board in 1980 and 1987 ... |
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| Peacekeeping and U.N. Operational Control. A Study of Their Effect on Unit Cohesion |
MAR 95 |
206 pages |
| Authors:
Ernest G. Cunningham; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Unit cohesion, the human element in combat, is critical to a unit's ability to survive and conduct successful warfare. Several factors can degrade unit cohesion and subsequently, combat effectiveness. This study concentrates on two such factors, U.S./U.N. operational control and operations other than war (OOTW). A survey was conducted on 300 U.S. Marine Corps soldiers. The results revealed that non-traditional missions were acceptable to a majority of the soldiers if ... |
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| Applications of Statistical Process Control in Monitoring Aircrew Bombing Proficiency |
MAR 95 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Kirk G. Horton; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| The current tools used by squadron supervisors to monitor the bombing performance of aircrews flying F-111E aircraft are monthly reports that have little predictive capability. No real-time methodology exists for monitoring and predicting aircrew bombing performance and preventing bombing problems that might cause an individual to become unqualified. It has been suggested that Statistical process Control (SPC) can be applied to the bombing process to develop tools for managing the ... |
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| Enhancing the Effects of Diversity Awareness Training: A Review of the Research Literature |
MAR 95 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer G. Myers; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| The projected changes in the demographic makeup of the workforce were primary influences in the spread of diversity awareness training in the private and public sector. One approach to training aims at changing personal attitudes and values to effect positive changes in treatment of others different from oneself (especially protected groups) in the workplace. The effectiveness of training or other interventions that focus on changes in attitudes to change behavior ... |
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| Effects of N-AFMET on Enlisted First-Term Attrition |
MAR 95 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Rebecca J. Powers; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis focuses on the Navy-Air Force Medical Evaluation Test or N-AFMET, a three-phased, psychological screening program for new recruits, initiated by the Navy in fiscal 1992. Multivariate models are developed to estimate the effectiveness of N-AFMET in identifying a recruit's likelihood of failing to complete the first-term of enlistment due to a psychological disorder. The logit regression equations and probabilities are modeled from two files held by the Defense ... |
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| Investigating a Background Data Measure of Social Intelligence |
MAR 95 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen J. Zaccaro; Janelle A. Gilbert; GEORGE MASON UNIV FAIRFAX VA
|
| Some current measures of social intelligence have been judged as weak and ineffective, despite attempts to develop measures that do not emphasize verbal ability. This paper examines the construct validity of a background data, or life history measure, of social intelligence. Analyses suggest that the measure has high reliability, convergent validity with other measures of verbal intelligence. Criterion-related validity is supported using an individual's peer reaming of performance effectiveness in ... |
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| HAPTAC: A Haptic Tactile Display for the Presentation of Two-Dimensional Virtual or Remote Environments |
MAR 95 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Hasser; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| This report describes the development of a tactile display device that allows the user to "see" (feel) a two-dimensional computer-generated surface with his or her fingertip. The user places a fingertip on a tactile feedback array composed of pins that rise through a touch plate. The feedback array, affixed to a position-sensing "mouse" on a digitizer pad, slides across the digitizer pad surface when pushed by the user. As the ... |
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| Reactive Execution in a Command, Planning and Control Environment |
18 FEB 95 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Glen A. Reece; EDINBURGH UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM) DEPT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
|
| This research proposed a design of a reactive execution agent (REA) which accepts and executes task directives in a dynamic environment. This design drew upon an amalgam of ideas emerging from situated rational agency research. The result was an agent which was able to accept tasks directives (or reject them), reason about directives to determine how to achieve them (maintaining commitments to achieving other directives), respond to execution failures, and ... |
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| The Art of Naming Operations |
17 FEB 95 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory C. Sieminski; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI DEPT OF OPERATIONS
|
| Effectively naming operations is a powerful means of winning the war of images, a war which is just as critical as the war on the battlefield. In the image war, the operation name is the first bullet fired, and quite possibly the most critical. If artfully molded and aimed, it can be a key ingredient for victory. The U.S. military leadership has begun to learn this truth; since 1989, major ... |
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| Revolutions in Military Affairs, Paradigm Shifts, and Doctrine |
14 FEB 95 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
James J. Tritten; NAVAL DOCTRINE COMMAND NORFOLK VA
|
| This report provides a description of the role that military and naval doctrine can play in revolutions in military affairs (RMAs) and associated warfare paradigm shifts. Reviewing lessons of past RMA's and paradigm shifts, the report postulates a need for theory to better understand the nature of revolutions in military affairs and paradigm shifts. The major conclusion of the report is that the leading role afforded technology in revolutions in ... |
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| An Analysis of Operational Leadership. Field Marshal Erich Von Manstein |
13 FEB 95 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jurgen J. Gwin; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI DEPT OF OPERATIONS
|
| This paper is a historical analysis of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein's operational leadership. It focuses on the essential elements of operational leadership. These elements are operational thinking, execution of operations, and the operational leader's character. Von Manstein's idea for the campaign against France, his command of Army Group Don, and his idea for Operation Citadel are discussed. |
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| The Effect of Paradigms on Military Decision Making |
13 FEB 95 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Lois H. Schoonover; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
|
| The ultimate goal of planning and decision making is for planners and decision makers to develop an optimum plan and arrive at the best solution for a particular problem. No plan is perfect, however, in part because the decision making process is an activity precluded from total objectivity by human factors. One such factor is the profound influence of paradigms on decision makers. |
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| Operational Art and the Counterinsurgency Program in the Vietnam War |
13 FEB 95 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Clayton S. Wilcox; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
|
| Operational art was applied during the American counterinsurgency campaign in the Vietnam War. The campaign reflected the employment of operational art in the coordination and conduct of a variety of programs designed to achieve the pacification of the rural population and the destruction of the enemy's means to make war both militarily and politically. Operational art was not uniformly applied to the pacification program, and it was only after the ... |
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| Pattern-Analysis Based Models of Masking by Spatially Separated Sounds |
09 FEB 95 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Robert H. Gilkey; WRIGHT STATE UNIV DAYTON OH
|
| Work is presented on masked detection, sound localization, neural networks, and the sense of presence. Both free-field and headphone- based studies of masking indicate that traditional models of binaural interaction may be inadequate to explain the reductions in masking that often occur with dichotic, as opposed to diotic, stimulation. The accuracy of localization judgments in the presence of a masker is determined by both the signal-to-noise ratio and the spatial ... |
|
| Evidence and Inference in Educational Assessment |
FEB 95 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Mislevy; EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE PRINCETON NJ
|
| Educational assessment concerns inference about students' knowledge, skills, and accomplishments. Because data are never so comprehensive and unequivocal as to ensure certitude, test theory evolved in part to address questions of weight, coverage, and import of data. The resulting concepts and techniques can be viewed as applications of more general principles for inference in the presence of uncertainty. Issues of evidence and inference in educational assessment are discussed from this ... |
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| Automation and Cognition in Air Traffic Control: An Empirical Investigation |
FEB 95 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
O. U. Vortac; Mark B. Edwards; Dana K. Fuller; Carol A. Manning; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| A simulation of an air traffic control task was the setting for an investigation of the functions of external cues in prospective memory. External cues can support the triggering of an action or memory for the content of the action. We focused on memory for the content and manipulated the temporal characteristics of the external cue to disentangle two possible functions the cue can support: (1) An external cue visible ... |
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| Second Operational Test and Evaluation of Forms 18 and 19 of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery |
FEB 95 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Gary L. Thomasson; Lauress Wise; Bruce Bloxom; John Welsh; Richard Branch; DEFENSE MANPOWER DATA CENTER MONTEREY CA
|
| The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) is a set of ten tests administered by the Department of Defense (DoD) to all applicants for enlistment in the United States Armed Services, as part of the Enlistment Testing Program, and also administered in high schools as a component of the Student Testing Program. The tests included in ASVAB are listed in Table I, which also shows the length of each test ... |
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| Whistleblower Protection: Continuing Impediments to Protection of Military Members |
FEB 95 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL A FFAIRS DIV
|
| This GAO Report documents the findings of the General Accounting Office in reviewing the rights and protections afforded military whistleblowers from reprisal in the form of mental health evaluations. Specifically, the report examines the system established under the 1988 Military Whistleblower Protection Act to prevent reprisals and to note its effectiveness. Also, the GAO investigated whether servicemembers have a mechanism to challenge alleged reprisals that occurred prior to enactment of ... |
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| Some Performance Effects of Age and Low Blood Alcohol Levels on a Computerized Neuropsychological Test |
FEB 95 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Schroder; Howard C. Harris Jr.; William E. Collins; Thomas E. Nesthus; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| COGSCREEN is a computerized test battery developed for the Federal Aviation Administration as an airman neuropsychological screening instrument for cognitive functioning. This study explored a multifaceted application of the sensitivity of the battery to potential differences in performance capabilities, current civil aviation interest in the performance effects of low levels of blood alcohol, and the potential significance of age on cognitive performance. Nine of 11 basic COGSCREEN tests were used ... |
|
| Operations Other Than War |
FEB 95 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Hugo E. Mayer; Edward George; Bruce Rickert; John Noble; Robert Coy; TRADOC ANALYSIS CENTER FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This report provides information about operations other than war (OOTW), and provides a task analysis of OOTW activities. The study deals with 4 of the 13 OOTW activities identified in FM 100-5. They are: humanitarian assistance and disaster relief; counterdrug operations; peacekeeping; and peace enforcement. It also identifies about 400 tasks and subtasks for soldiers in OOTW. Among the study's conclusions are the following: Training to standard on their unit's ... |
|
| Behaviour and Information Technology. An International Journal on the Human Aspects of Computing, Volume 14, Number 1, January-February 1995 |
FEB 95 |
|
| Authors:
T. F. Stewart; SYSTEM CONCEPTS LTD LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| There's more to text and pictures than meets the eye... The retrieval of images from image databases - trademarks; Announcement; A comparison of mouse and speech input control of a text annotation system; Not everyone loves their computer... Occupational differences in computer-related anxiety: implications for the implementation of a computerized patient management information system; Effect of job demands and social support on worker stress: a study of VDT users; Dialogue ... |
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| Tutoring Transfer of Technical Competence |
FEB 95 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Sherrie P. Gott; Ronald S. Kane; Alan Lesgold; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE
|
| We report partial results of the evaluation of an intelligent tutoring system (Sherlock 2) that fosters the transfer of complex technical skills. The tutor's learning environment is concordant with views from the acquired skill through coached apprenticeship activities. Instructional content consists of authentic problem solving scenarios that situate trainees in realistic contexts where they can practice and hone complex diagnostic skills. Moreover, results show that their acquired expertise is generalizable ... |
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| Reducing the Confirmation Bias in an Evolving Situation |
FEB 95 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Martin A. Tolcott; F. F. Marvin; DECISION SCIENCE CONSORTIUM INC RESTON VA
|
| This report presents the results of Phase 2 research on decision making in an evolving situation. As in Phase 1, the problem context was situation assessment by trained Army intelligence analysts working in pairs. Participants were given an initial battlefield scenario and asked to determine the enemy's most likely avenue of approach and to give their level of confidence; subsequently they were asked to reconsider their decisions after receiving each ... |
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| A Cognitive Architecture for Solving III-Defined Problems |
FEB 95 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Keith J. Holyoak; Paul R. Thagard; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| A computational theory of analogical mapping is described, based on a small set of constraints. The theory is embodied in a computer simulation that is applied to several examples, including psychological data on the mapping process. (AN) |
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| Psychological Pilot Selection in the U.S. Air Force, the Luftwaffe, and the German Aerospace Research Establishment |
FEB 95 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Monika Gnan; Christopher F. Flynn; Raymond E. King; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX AEROSPACE MEDICINE DIRECTORATE
|
| As financial resources for the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and the German Luftwaffe (LW) dwindle, reducing attrition from military aviation training becomes vital. Finding the optimal mixture of applicant personality, stamina, and psychomotor skills for aviation is a goal as complicated as it is elusive. This paper compares the USAF, LW and German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) pilot selection programs. The LW and DLR utilize a sequential psychological selection system ... |
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| Contextual Interference Effects on Acquisition and Transfer of a Complex Motor Task |
FEB 95 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Barry P. Goettl; GALAXY SCIENTIFIC CORP LACKLAND AFB TX
|
| Research in motor skill and verbal memory suggests that random sequencing of trials results in retention and transfer that is superior to blocked presentation of trials. The contextual interference effect is based largely on relatively simple motor and verbal tasks. The present study explores the generalizability of the contextual interference effect to a complex flight simulator task. Subjects were assigned to three groups: whole-task training, low contextual interference, high contextual ... |
|
| The Relation Between Group Cohesiveness and Performance: An Integration |
FEB 95 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Mullen; Carolyn Copper; SYRACUSE UNIV NY
|
| This paper reports on a meta-analytic integration of the relation between group cohesiveness and performance. Overall, the cohesiveness- performance effect was highly significant and of small magnitude. Several theoretically informative determinants of the cohesiveness-performance effect were examined. This effect was significantly stronger when cohesiveness was operationalized in terms of measurements of group members' perceptions of cohesiveness than when cohesiveness was operationalized in terms of experimental inductions of cohesiveness. The results ... |
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| A Comparison of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Synthetic Work Performance and a Conventional Performance Assessment Battery |
FEB 95 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy F. Elsmore; Frederick W. Hegge; Paul Naitoh; Tamsin Kelly; Karen Schlangen; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Techniques for assessment of human cognitive performance span a broad range, from questionnaires, paper-and-pencil tests, computerized tests of cognitive and motor abilities, to simulators and field exercises. Due to the availability of powerful personal computers, recent years have seen a concentration of interest on the middle of this continuum, computerized testing in the form of performance assessment batteries or PABs (Anger, 1990; Englund, Reeves, Shingledecker, Thorne, Wilson, & Hegge, 1985; ... |
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| Reasoning Under Uncertainty |
26 JAN 95 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph Y. Halpern; IBM ALMADEN RESEARCH CENTER SAN JOSE CA
|
| This report summarizes the research performed under this contract. The research can he divided into four areas: (1) Computing degrees of belief, (2) Reasoning about knowledge and communication, (3) Nonmonotonic reasoning, and (4) Belief change. Topic (1) is concerned with how an agent such as a doctor should assign degrees of belief to events such as Tom has hepatitis given a large knowledge base of first-order and statistical information (such ... |
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| COADE: A Framework for Cognitive Analysis, Design, and Evaluation |
23 JAN 95 |
|
| Authors:
P. Essens; J. Fallesen; C. McCann; J. Cannon-Bowers; G. Dorfel; NATO DEFENCE RESEARCH GROUP BRUSSELS (BELGIUM)
|
| The development of support of decision making processes in complex systems requires a systematic approach based upon knowledge of the human's role, capabilities, and the tasks to be performed. Results from a survey and a workshop show that there is a need for methodologies that systematically address the cognitive factors of complex task situations. COADE provides the developer and cognitive specialist with an approach to the development of cognitively- centered ... |
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| Gender Differences in Conceptualizing Sexual Harassment |
JAN 95 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Marie D. Thomas; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The purpose of this study was to identify gender differences in interpreting behaviors as sexually harassing and to investigate variables that Navy enlisted personnel consider when making such judgments. Three hundred and forty-seven enlisted men and women from three San Diego Navy sites took part in the study. Each participant was administered a questionnaire, and a subsample of personnel participated in the focus groups. Key findings are: (1) The scenarios ... |
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| Effects of Age and Low Doses of Alcohol on Compensatory Tracking During Angular Acceleration |
JAN 95 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Howard C. Harris Jr.; David J. Schroeder; William E. Collins; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| Heightened interest in existing FAA regulations regarding alcohol and flying, with emphasis on the potential effects of low blood alcohol levels on performance, indicated a need for research to help define effects of low doses of alcohol on performance. This study was designed to assess the effects of age and three breath alcohol levels (0.04, 0.027, and 0.014%). Performance was assessed while subjects experienced mild angular stimulation. On the day ... |
|
| Test Theory Reconceived |
JAN 95 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Mislevy; EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE PRINCETON NJ
|
| Educational test theory consists of statistical and methodological tools to support inference about examinees' knowledge, skills, and accomplishments. The evolution of test theory has been shaped by the nature of users' inferences, which until recently, have been framed almost exclusively in terms of trait and behavioral psychology. Progress in the methodology of test theory enabled users to extend the range of inference, sharpen the logic, and ground their interpretations more ... |
|
| Effects of Age and Low Doses of Alcohol on Compensatory Tracking During Angular Acceleration |
JAN 95 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Howard C. Harris Jr.; David J. Schroeder; William E. Collins; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| Heightened interest in existing FAA regulations regarding alcohol and flying, with emphasis on the potential effects of low blood alcohol levels on performance, indicated a need for research to help define effects of low doses of alcohol on performance. This study was designed to assess the effects of age and three breath alcohol levels (0.04, 0.027, and 0.014%). Performance was assessed while subjects experienced mild angular stimulation. On the day ... |
|
| Astronaut Selection (NASA-MIPR) |
JAN 95 |
|
| Authors:
John C. Patterson; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX AEROSPACE MEDICINE DIRECTORATE
|
| Since the last technical note, one selection cycle has been run: 26 June - 2 September 1994. A selection cycle had been planned for fall, 1993 but was cancelled by NASA. During the June - September cycle a total of 122 applicants were screened, about 20 applicants for each of the 6 weeks. From these applicants 10 pilots and 9 mission specialist candidates were selected. Among those selected 6 were ... |
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| Understanding Videoteleducation: An Overview |
JAN 95 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Jim Suchan; Alice Crawford; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This research examined selected distance learning and videoteleducation (VTE) literature to determine the factors Navy health care executives, administrators, and instructors should consider before implementing VTE technology. The literature and interview with VTE users revealed the lack of an explicit theoretical framework or conceptual scheme to root VTE research findings. To remedy this fundamental problem, this report provides a conceptual scheme of VTE use based on administrators' and instructors' conceptualization ... |
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Psychology
