| Comparing Performance on Implicit Memory Tests |
31 AUG 94 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Henry Roediger III; RICE UNIV HOUSTON TX
|
 | The second year of this grant saw progress on 9 projects briefly described below. In particular, in the past year 5 papers or chapters have been published, 6 are in press, 3 are in preparation, and data are being collected on several new projects. My students and I have presented 6 papers on work conducted under the auspices of the grant at national and international meetings in the past year. ... |
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| Basic Mechanisms and Implications of Non-Photic Entrainment of Circadian Rhythmicity (FY91 AAWERT) |
31 AUG 94 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Eve VanCauter; CHICAGO UNIV IL DEPT OF MEDICINE
|
| The overall objectives of AFOSR-sponsored studies in Dr Van Cauter's laboratory are to delineate the synchronizing effects of physical exercise and exposure to darkness on the human circadian system and to test the hypothesis that additive effects of adequately timed exposure to pulses of bright light, darkness and exercise may result in large, immediate phase-shifts of human rhythms. Mr. Buxton performed a series of studies related to the first specific ... |
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| Biological and Theoretical Studies of Adaptive Networks: The Conditioned Response |
30 AUG 94 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Moore; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST
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| Investigations of adaptive neural networks were conducted using the classically conditioned eyeblink of rabbit, a widely used model system for studies of learning and memory. Our work has focused on processes that mediate adaptive timing of conditioned responses, an important question in the field of learning and motor control. The following experimental projects were conducted: (a) A recording study of the medial geniculate neurons during two-tone differential trace conditioning. (c) ... |
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| Visual Perception of Elevation |
29 AUG 94 |
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| Authors:
Leonard Matin; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
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 | The work at Columbia has concentrated on 4 matters: (1) Experimental work aimed at determining the aspects of individual lines and combinations of lines in the visual field that generate the substantial influence on the visual perception of eye level (VPEL). (2) Experimental work aimed at determining the aspects of individual lines and combinations of lines on the visual perception of the vertical (VPV) and visually perceived straight ahead (VPSA) ... |
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| The GOMS Family of Analysis Techniques: Tools for Design and Evaluation |
24 AUG 94 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Bonnie E. John; David E. Kieras; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| Since the seminal Card, Moran, & Newell (1983) book, 'The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction,' the concept of the GOMS model has been one of the few widely known theoretical concepts in human-computer interaction. This concept has spawned much research to verify and extend the original concept and has been used in real-world design and evaluation situations. The original presentation of the GOMS concept left substantial room for interpretation and subsequent ... |
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| The GOMS Family of Analysis Techniques: Tools for Design and Evaluation |
24 AUG 94 |
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| Authors:
Bonnie E. John; David E. Kieras; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
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| Since the seminal Card, Moran, and Newell (1983) book, The Psychology of human-computer interaction, the concept of GOMS model has been one of the few widely known theoretical concepts in human-computer interaction. This concept has spawned much research to verify and extend the original concept and has been used in real-world design and evaluation situations. The original presentation of the GOMS concept left substantial room for interpretation and subsequent researchers ... |
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| Interspecies Extrapolations of Halocarbon Respiratory and Tissue Kinetics: Applications to Predicting Toxicity in Different Species |
15 AUG 94 |
167 pages |
| Authors:
Cham E. Dallas; J. V. Bruckner; R. L. Tacket; T. Reigle; GEORGIA UNIV ATHENS DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
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| A series of experiments have been conducted to provide a pharmacokinetic data base for interspecies comparisons and for formulation and validation of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. The basic experimental design has involved giving equal doses of halocarbons in different species, including mice, rats, and dogs. Perchloroethylene (PCE), tetrachloroethane (TET), trichloroethylene (TCE), and trichloroethane (TRI) have been employed as test chemicals, in order to evaluate the relative importance of the physicochemical property ... |
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| Learning Maneuvers Using Neural Network Models |
07 AUG 94 |
128 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher Atkeson; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
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| The researchers explored issued involved in implementing robot learning for a challenging dynamic task, using a case study from robot juggling. They used a memory based local modeling approach (locally weighted regression) to represent a learned model of the task to be performed. Statistical tests are given to examine the uncertainty of a model, to optimize its prediction quality, and to deal-with noisy and corrupted data. They developed an exploration ... |
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| Studies of Novel Popout |
05 AUG 94 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
William A. Johnston; Irene S. Schwarting; Kevin J. Hawley; UTAH UNIV SALT LAKE CITY DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| Familiar arrays of objects are perceived better than novel arrays, indicating a perceptual bias toward expected inputs. Yet a novel object in an otherwise familiar array attracts attention, indicating a perceptual bias toward unexpected inputs. These phenomena describe a highly adaptive system but pose a paradox: How can the mind be biased simultaneously toward both what it most expects and what it least expects? Our research on novel popout illuminates ... |
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| Cerebellar Circuit Mechanisms Which Accompany Coordinated Limb Trajectory Patterns in the Rat: Use of a Model of Spontaneous Changes in Limb Coordination |
01 AUG 94 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Sheryl S. Smith; HAHNEMANN UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| The olivo-cerebellar circuit plays a role in the coordination of the distal limbs. The present study was proposed to determine the behavior of individual neurons in this circuit, recorded chronically as ensembles of 10-20 during tests of limb coordination across spontaneous changes in limb coordination. Hormone (estrous) and circadian cycles are known to be associated with improvements in the speed and accuracy of limb trajectory, and will be used in ... |
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| Preliminary Development of the Military Socialization Inoculator. A means of Reducing Discipline Problems by Early Socialization into Appropriate Military Behaviors |
01 AUG 94 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen B. Knouse; Alvin Smith; Patricia Smith; DEFENSE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY MANAGEMENT INST PATRICK AFB FL
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| While most African-Americans serve with distinction in the military, a disproportionate number experience the military justice system. Several studies show that more African-Americans than Whites who have encountered some problem with the military have received nonjudicial punishments (Articles 15) for insubordination early in their first tour of duty. Problems with early socialization into the military may be a cause of these problems. This paper presents the concept of the socialization ... |
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| Age-Related Changes in Sympathetic-Adrenal Medullary Function: Relationship to Age-Related Deficits in Learning and Memory |
AUG 94 |
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| Authors:
Thomas R. Mabry; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| This dissertation examined the contribution of age-related changes in sympathetic-adrenal medullary (SAM) functioning to age-related deficits in cognitive processes. Two experiments involved parametric studies within a stimulus class to characterize more fully age-related differences in plasma catecholamine (CA) responses to acute stress. Results from the footshock experiment revealed that aged male F-344 rats have potentiated plasma CA responses to handling and transfer during placement in an inhibitory (passive) avoidance testing ... |
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| Examination of the Processes Underlying Multilevel Efficacy-Performance Spirals: A Flight Simulation Study |
AUG 94 |
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| Authors:
Dana H. Lindsley; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| A dynamic multilevel model of the relationships between efficacy, causal attributions, affect and performance at the individual and team level of analysis was tested using a PC-based flight and combat jet simulator and 102 Air Force Recruit Officer Training Corp (AFROTC) cadets (51 dyads). The impact that performance, causal attributions, and affect have on subsequent individual and team efficacy and subsequent performance over-time were investigated. These relationships were examined twice ... |
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| Strategies for Augmentation Initiatives for Leadership Self-Development Program |
AUG 94 |
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| Authors:
Clifton D. Bryant; BATTELLE COLUMBUS LABS RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC
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| Perhaps too much is being asked of the self-development pillar of the Army leadership system in view of current technological and social change. Some augmentation and enhancement efforts are indicated. A variety of such initiatives are proposed in this report, including the use of recorded books, condensed books, special reading agendas, and the inauguration of a journal that would serve as a guidance mechanism for more productive self-education reading programs. ... |
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| Creation of New Items and Forms for the Project A Assembling Objects Test |
AUG 94 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Henry H. Busciglio; Dale R. Palmer; Ivey H. King; Clinton B. Walker; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
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| The Army's Project A was a comprehensive effort to improve the selection and classification of enlisted personnel. The Assembling Objects (AO) test was a major product of this effort. Previous research has shown AO to be an excellent measure of both overall spatial ability and complex, g-loaded problem- solving skills. In view of the great potential usefulness of the AO measure, researchers from the U.S. Army Research Institute for the ... |
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| Responses to Disasters, Natural and Man-Made, and Interventions with Social Supports |
AUG 94 |
143 pages |
| Authors:
George T. Brandt; Ann E. Norwood; James E. McCarroll; Robert J. Ursano; Carol S. Fullerton; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
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| This volume focuses on the effects of a range of traumatic events: a natural disaster Hurricane Andrew), working with the dead (dental identification of bodies following the Mt. Carmel conflagration) and the trauma attendant to the diagnosis of a life-threatening illness (breast cancer). In the first section, the direct and indirect impact of Hurricane Andrew on the Air Force community is illustrated through responses provided by service members and their ... |
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| Psychological Issues in Peacekeeping Contingency Operations |
AUG 94 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartone; Mark A. Vaitkus; Amy B. Adler; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| While much is known about soldier stress and adaptation in more conventional military operations, the U.S. military has little experience with United Nations-led peacekeeping missions. How combat-trained units and soldiers adapt to this new role is of critical importance to U.S. ability to contribute positively to such operations. Since October of 1992, as part of Operation Provide Promise, the U.S. Army in Europe has provided medical care for the 25, ... |
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| Partitioning Contact-State Space Using the Theory of Polyhedral Convex Cones |
AUG 94 |
|
| Authors:
George V. Paul; Katsushi Ikeuchi; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA ROBOTICS INST
|
| The assembly plan from observation (APO) system observes a human operator perform an assembly task, analyzes the observations, models the task, and generates the programs for the robot to perform the same task. A major component of the APO system is the task recognition module, which models the observed task. The task model in the APO context is defined as a sequence of assembly states of the part being assembled ... |
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| Translation of Selected Portions of Polygraph Course of the Japanese Jurisprudence Science Training Center |
AUG 94 |
278 pages |
| Authors:
Hisako Halasz; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC FEDERAL RESEARCH DIV
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| This study provides a full English translation of selected portions of a study guide on the history, construction, and operation of polygraphs developed by the Jurisprudence Science Training Center of the National Police Agency of Japan. Sample cases and labeled diagrams are included to illustrate the practical use of the instruments. |
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| Cellular Analysis of Circadian Rhythmicity in Cultured SCN Neurons |
28 JUL 94 |
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| Authors:
Steven M. Reppert; David K. Welsh; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
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| Circadian rhythms are generated by brain cells located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the mammalian hypothalamus, but it is not clear how individual cells contribute to the operation of the circadian clock. SCN neurons dissociated from newborn rat SCN were characterized by immunocytochemistry and by patch recording of spontaneous action potentials and synaptic currents. Inhibitory synaptic interactions were prevalent among neurons, increasing progressively with time in culture. Evidence was ... |
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| Henry Adams's Life of George Cabot Lodge: A Portrait of the Artist as an Alienated Man |
20 JUL 94 |
211 pages |
| Authors:
James H. Meredith; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Henry Adams's Life of George Cabot Lodge presents the biography of a minor poet whose birth into one of Boston's most prominent families may have been an obstacle towards his reaching literary success, for reasons which seem strikingly similar to the biographer's own difficulties as he articulates them in The Education of Henry Adams (1907). This examination has been organized into four chapters: (1) a biographical examination of the relationship ... |
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| Mechanisms and Treatment of OP-Induced Seizures and Neuropathology |
15 JUL 94 |
|
| Authors:
M. T. Shipley; Matthew Ennis; M. El-Etri; L. Zimmer; M. Jiang; CINCINNATI UNIV OH COLL OF MEDICINE
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| This report summarizes studies on the mechanisms and treatment of soman-induced seizures and neuropathology. Major goals of this work are to identify the first sites exhibiting soman-induced hyperactivity and neuropathology, and to determine if neurotransmitters other than acetylcholine (ACh) are altered by soman. Markers for c-fos and reactive astrocytes pinpointed sites of seizures and neuropathology, and neurochemistry quantified neurotransmitter levels. Piriform cortex (PC) and the noradrenergic (NE) nucleus locus coeruleus ... |
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| Method and/or System for Personal Identification and Impairment Assessment from Brain Activity Patterns. |
05 JUL 1994 |
|
| Authors:
Gregory W. Lewis; David L. Ryan-Jones; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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| The invention provides an apparatus and method for identifying individuals based upon patterns of physiological activity generated in the brain and for distinguishing between normal and impaired brain states in any particular individual. These patterns may be obtained by directly or indirectly recording the electrical and/or magnetic activity associated with sensory, cognitive, and motor processing in the brain. This activity may be recorded using sensors placed in, on. or near ... |
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| Crew Factors in Flight Operations VI: Psychophysiological Responses to Helicopter Operations |
01-Jul-1994 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Philippa H Gander; Kevin B Gregory; Linda J Connell; Donna L Miller; R C Graeber; Rory M Barnes; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION MOFFETT FIELD CA AMES RESEARCH CENTER
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| Thirty-two helicopter pilots were studied before, during, and after 4-5 day trips providing support services from Aberdeen, Scotland, to rigs in the North Sea oil fields. Early on-duty times obliged subjects to wake up 1.5 hours earlier on trip days than on pretrip days. Consequently, they slept nearly an hour less per night on trips. They reported more fatigue on posttrip days than on pretrip days, suggesting a cumulative effect ... |
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| Report on Gang Violence in Maryland |
JUL 94 |
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| Authors:
Jerry Yates; Drake Ferguson; Marshall L. Meyer; Edgar Koch; Tony Avendorph; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Beer Drinking Games: Categories, Level of Risk, and their Correlation with Sensation Seeking |
JUL 94 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Michael D. Howe; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| The purpose of this study was to provide a measure of validity to placing drinking games into categories and then to examine drinking game behavior in a quantitative context |
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| Military-Civilian Working Relationships |
JUL 94 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Cathy A. Stawarski; Donald A. Smith; Robert N. Kilcullen; Carlos K. Rigby; HUMAN RESOURCES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Because civilian and military personnel often must function as one unit, positive military/civilian working relationships are critical to the successful functioning of the Army. The primary purpose of this report is to analyze some of the differences between civilians who have civilian supervisors and civilians who have military supervisors. Data from FY88 Biennial Surveys of Army Civilians are used to focus analyses on attitudes regarding evaluations of supervisors, perceived supervisor ... |
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| The Effect of Response Format on Reliability Estimates for Tacit Knowledge Scales |
JUL 94 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Peter J. Legree; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Most aptitude scales adopt a Forced Choice response format in which answers are scored as either correct or incorrect. Such a scoring procedure is consistent with the nature of the knowledge underlying these aptitude scales because the relevant knowledge domains can usually be used to either support or contradict a specific supposition. Assessing performance with tacit knowledge scales that lack an academic knowledge base often requires the opinions of subject ... |
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| A Cognitive Framework for Battlefield Commanders' Situation Assessment |
JUL 94 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Marvin S. Cohen; Leonard Adelman; Martin A. Tolcott; Terry A. Bresnick; Marvin F. Freeman; COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES INC ARLINGTON VA
|
| Situation assessment is an essential component of battlefield planning. This report describes a cognitive framework for situation assessment, based on research in cognitive psychology and tactical planning and on interviews with command staff. The report describes the framework in terms of three key components: memory and knowledge structures; actions, goals, and values; and monitoring and regulating cognition. It defines structural constraints and modes of processing (procedural versus knowledge-based and analytic ... |
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| Relationships of Type A Behavior with Biographical Characteristics and Training Performance of Air Traffic Controllers |
JUL 94 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
L. G. Nye; D. J. Schroeder; C. S. Dollar; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
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| While there has been a considerable amount of research concerning the relationships between various cognitive measures and the selection and subsequent performance of Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCSs), data concerning the potential importance of personality factors are quite limited. As part of an expanded research program, selected personality measures and biographical questionnaires have been administered to ATCSs at the time of their entry into the FAA Academy Nonradar Screen Program. ... |
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| Enhancing Soldier Performance: A Nonlinear Model of Performance to Improve Selection Testing and Training |
JUL 94 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Robert O'Donnell; Samuel Moise; Debra A. Warner; Grant Secrist; NTI INC DAYTON OH
|
| Advanced U.S. Army technology and hardware systems place a higher cognitive demand on the individual soldier than ever before. Sophisticated weaponry and hostile mission environments of modern conflict threaten to overwhelm the capacities of the human operator. New selection and training instruments are being developed to (a) select people most likely to perform well under high cognitive demands, (b) identify weaknesses in people, and (c) alter or train the person ... |
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| Validation of MMPI Scales for Personality Disorders: A 'Pilot' and other Aviator Study |
JUL 94 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Raymond E. King; Gary L. Schofield; John C. Patterson; William J. Besich; William G. Jackson; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX AEROSPACE MEDICINE DIRECTORATE
|
| The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), long a psychometric staple, has not been readily compatible with the third Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III and DSM-III-R; 1, 2). Morey, Waugh, and Blashfield (8) rationally/ empirically constructed MMPI personality disorder scales to assess these DSM-III Axis II conditions, but adequate outpatient validation remains to be accomplished. The present study, based on 104 male aviators referred to a consultation service, ... |
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| The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Visual Motion Priming |
JUL 94 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Alan R. Pinkus; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| A motion signal that is produced from a sine-wave luminance grating which has undergone an abrupt 90-degree phase shift (frames 1 to 2) can serve as a priming signal that disambiguates motion of a second, 180-degree (counterphase) shift (frames 2 to 3). Four experiments investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of this phenomenon which is termed visual motion priming (VMP). Experiment 1 varied the phase-shift magnitude of the priming signal from 22.5 ... |
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| Energy Cost and Efficiency of a Demanding Combined Manual Materials- Handling Task |
JUL 1994 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Marilyn A. Sharp; J. J. Knapik; A. W. Schopper; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Energy cost and crew performance were studied during a 45-hour continuous field-artillery loading exercise using a howitzer simulator. An interrupted peak Vo2 test, conducted in the simulator, was used to develop individualized equations to predict energy cost from heart rate. Nine experienced crew members rotated through six 1.5-hour loading cycles. Mission time (the time elapsed from the order to fire until task completion) was recorded and summed over cycles. Measures ... |
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| Psychosocial Stress and Mental Health in a Forward-Deployed Military Community |
JUL 94 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartone; Mark A. Vaitkus; Robert C. Williams; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| The impact of perceived stressful experiences on mental health was studied using 1993 survey data from a representative sample (N=5,235) of the Army population in Europe. Regression results show stress in various life areas (personal, job, family) strongly predicts depression. Stress associated with mandated force reductions is also a predictor of depression for soldiers with children and working spouses. This study demonstrates empirically that stress associated with military force reductions ... |
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| Social Psychological Issues in the Adaptation of a US Army Unit to the UNPROFOR Mission |
JUL 94 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartons; Mark A. Vaitkus; Amy B. Adlon; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| Peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance missions are increasing in frequency and importance in the post-Cold War era. The U.S. military is currently participating in major UN peacekeeping operations in Somalia (Operation Restore Hope) and the former Yugoslavia (Operation Provide Promise). While much is known about soldier stress and adaptation in more conventional military operations, the U.S. military has little experience with peacekeeping missions. How combat-trained units and soldiers adapt to this ... |
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| Attitudes Toward Peacekeeping and Peacemaking Among U.S. Infantry Soldiers Deployed to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
JUL 94 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Vaitkus; Paul T. Bartone; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| This paper reports survey findings from 171 members of the 6-502d Infantry who had just returned to Berlin from their deployment to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in support of Operation Able Sentry (January 1994). The focus is on those items related to attitudes about peacekeeping and serving with the United Nations as part of a multinational force. Although we hypothesized that their essentially "constabulary role" in Berlin would ... |
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| Learning Hand/Eye Coordination by an Active Observer. Part 1: Organizing Centers |
JUL 94 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Jean-Yves Herve; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK CENTER FOR AUTOMATION RESEARCH
|
| This report, the first of a three-part series, presents preliminary results in a study on the role of the active observer in the hand/eye coordination problem. It was shown in 11 that the hand/eye coordination problem can be represented, for a given pose of the observer, by the singularities of a surface, the PCS. Small changes in the pose of the observer generally produce smooth deformations of the PCS. There ... |
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| Determinants of Effective Unit Performance: Research on Measuring and Managing Unit Training Readiness |
JUL 94 |
341 pages |
| Authors:
Robert F. Holtz; Jack H. Hiller; Howard H. Mcfann; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| One of the primary missions of the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (USARI) is to conduct research and development to maximize the performance effectiveness of combat units. In recent years, ARI has increased its emphasis on unit collective training research in recognition that, although the Army recruits individuals, it fights as units. The research reported in this volume employed a wide spectrum of behavioral and ... |
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| Occupational Outcome in Military Aviators After Psychiatric Hospitalization |
JUL 94 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher Flynn; Suzanne McGlohn; Ralph E. Miles; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX AEROSPACE MEDICINE DIRECTORATE
|
| This study examined whether psychiatric hospitalization precluded a return to the highly demanding occupational setting of flight duties in the USAF. A 7 year retrospective review of two computerized databases was joined by individual identifiers. One database contained psychiatric hospitalization information and the other confirmed occupational responsibilities. This is one of the first studies with the capability to join psychiatric hospitalization to longitudinal occupational follow-up. All USAF aviators (N = ... |
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| A Comparison of Signals from Two Occlusive Cuff Cardiovascular Sensors Used for the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception |
JUL 94 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
|
| This study was designed to investigate the correlation between cardiovascular signals measured during a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examination using the occlusive arm and finger cuffs. Twenty subjects completed a number search task and participated in a PDD examination where the questions addressed the number circled during the number search task. Half of the subjects circled numbers within the range of the PDD questions and half circled numbers outside ... |
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| Commanders' Priorities and Psychological Readiness |
30 JUN 94 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartone; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| This brief research report summarizes the results of a study by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) on commanders' priorities and psychological readiness. The study confirms some conventional wisdom regarding leadership: that leaders' beliefs and values can influence subordinates' psychological readiness for combat. The study examined 51 Army company-sized units. Results show that leader emphasis on soldier morale or "human dimensions" issues is positively related to soldier readiness ... |
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| Where there is a Will, there is a Way: Understanding the American Attitude Toward War |
17 JUN 94 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas P. Gallagher; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
|
| Throughout the history of the United States, US national will has been misunderstood and judged to be weak. The American domestic political tradition of criticism and dissension is often misinterpreted by foreign observers looking to take a measure of American foreign policies. Many of these observers mistakenly take American public opinion to be a reflection of the American public's willingness to support foreign involvement. Foreign and domestic leaders need to ... |
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| OPDEC: The Operational Commander's Key to Surprise and Victory |
17 JUN 94 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey A. Kwallek; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
|
| This paper examines operational deception (OPDEC) as the operational commander's key to achieving surprise and victory. The paper describes what OPDEC is and discusses some important principles for conducting successful deception operations. In the context of those principles, it reviews four highly successful deception cases--the 1956 Sinai Campaign, the 1967 Six Day War, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, and Desert Storm, highlighting significant lessons learned and their relevance for the ... |
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| Interdisciplinary Training in Life Sciences (FY91 Assert) |
15 JUN 94 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Steinman; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION AND ADVANCEMENT
|
| This grant supports the interdisciplinary training (psychology, neuroscience and computer science) of an advanced graduate student (Julie Epelboim), who is earning a PH.D. in Psychology by participating as a graduate Research Assistant on AFOSR Grant 91-0124, entitled 'Coordinated action in 3-D Space'. Her doctoral thesis will be derived from problems investigated in this 'parent' grant which has two main thrusts. First, it tests alternative hypotheses about the mechanism that controls ... |
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| Assessing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and PTSD Symptomatology in U. S. Army Personnel |
11 JUN 94 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartone; Mark A. Adler; Mark A. Vaitkus; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| This poster presentation reports on selected findings from a large- scale survey study of U.S. Army Gulf War veterans, showing that combat exposure is related to PTSD caseness for substantial numbers of soldiers. In defining PTSD, the diagnostic algorithm contained in DSM3-R was followed, using appropriate self-reported symptons from two scales in the soldier survey. While this PTSD scale was adequate to the purpose, some of the items were less ... |
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| Identifying the Cognitive Decrements Caused By HIV |
10 JUN 94 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Diane L. Damos; Richard S. John; Elizabeth S. Parker; Alexandra M. Levine; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES INST OF SAFETY AND SYSTEMS MANA GEMENT
|
| This study had two purposes. The first was to determine the disease stage at which cognitive decrements caused by HIV become detectable. The second was to compare the sensitivity of information processing tests to neuropsychological instruments for detecting cognitive deficits caused by HIV. The study design initially had five groups: an asymptomatic group (Walter Reed Stages 1, 2, and 3), a symptomatic group (Walter Reed Stages 4 and 5), a ... |
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| Augmentation of Research on Cognitive Control |
07 JUN 94 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Whitney; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| The influence of individual differences in working memory span (WMS) on comprehension of instructional text was examined. Results from the second year of the AASERT grant showed that readers across the range of WMS paid special attention to thematic statements when they read instructional texts. This was shown through longer reading times of sentences in the initial position of paragraphs. However, if comprehension of specific details was stresses by asking ... |
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| The Factors of Soldier's Load |
03 JUN 94 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen J. Townsend; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This study examines the factors that cause or contribute to the overloading of dismounted combat soldiers in the Army of the 1990's. This examination considers the body of literature on the subject, primarily post- World War II, to identify what factors cause soldiers to carry too much weight into battle. The goals of the study are to identify the causative factors and increase leader understanding of the problem and review ... |
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| The Impact of Command Likelihood on Commitment |
03 JUN 94 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Steven M. Jones; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
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| This study focuses on how commitment among army officers, having between five and fifteen years of commissioned service, may be impacted as a consequence of the army's current drawdown. It was hypothesized that officer commitment would decline as a result of a reduced likelihood of commanding a battalion. Additionally, an officer's branch specialty and number of alternatives defining a successful career were expected to have varying impact on commitment. Despite ... |
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Psychology
