| The Art of Naming Operations |
17 FEB 95 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory C. Sieminski; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI DEPT OF OPERATIONS
|
 | Effectively naming operations is a powerful means of winning the war of images, a war which is just as critical as the war on the battlefield. In the image war, the operation name is the first bullet fired, and quite possibly the most critical. If artfully molded and aimed, it can be a key ingredient for victory. The U.S. military leadership has begun to learn this truth; since 1989, major ... |
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| Revolutions in Military Affairs, Paradigm Shifts, and Doctrine |
14 FEB 95 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
James J. Tritten; NAVAL DOCTRINE COMMAND NORFOLK VA
|
| This report provides a description of the role that military and naval doctrine can play in revolutions in military affairs (RMAs) and associated warfare paradigm shifts. Reviewing lessons of past RMA's and paradigm shifts, the report postulates a need for theory to better understand the nature of revolutions in military affairs and paradigm shifts. The major conclusion of the report is that the leading role afforded technology in revolutions in ... |
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| An Analysis of Operational Leadership. Field Marshal Erich Von Manstein |
13 FEB 95 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jurgen J. Gwin; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI DEPT OF OPERATIONS
|
| This paper is a historical analysis of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein's operational leadership. It focuses on the essential elements of operational leadership. These elements are operational thinking, execution of operations, and the operational leader's character. Von Manstein's idea for the campaign against France, his command of Army Group Don, and his idea for Operation Citadel are discussed. |
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| The Effect of Paradigms on Military Decision Making |
13 FEB 95 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Lois H. Schoonover; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
|
| The ultimate goal of planning and decision making is for planners and decision makers to develop an optimum plan and arrive at the best solution for a particular problem. No plan is perfect, however, in part because the decision making process is an activity precluded from total objectivity by human factors. One such factor is the profound influence of paradigms on decision makers. |
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| Operational Art and the Counterinsurgency Program in the Vietnam War |
13 FEB 95 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Clayton S. Wilcox; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI
|
| Operational art was applied during the American counterinsurgency campaign in the Vietnam War. The campaign reflected the employment of operational art in the coordination and conduct of a variety of programs designed to achieve the pacification of the rural population and the destruction of the enemy's means to make war both militarily and politically. Operational art was not uniformly applied to the pacification program, and it was only after the ... |
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| Pattern-Analysis Based Models of Masking by Spatially Separated Sounds |
09 FEB 95 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Robert H. Gilkey; WRIGHT STATE UNIV DAYTON OH
|
| Work is presented on masked detection, sound localization, neural networks, and the sense of presence. Both free-field and headphone- based studies of masking indicate that traditional models of binaural interaction may be inadequate to explain the reductions in masking that often occur with dichotic, as opposed to diotic, stimulation. The accuracy of localization judgments in the presence of a masker is determined by both the signal-to-noise ratio and the spatial ... |
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| Evidence and Inference in Educational Assessment |
FEB 95 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Mislevy; EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE PRINCETON NJ
|
| Educational assessment concerns inference about students' knowledge, skills, and accomplishments. Because data are never so comprehensive and unequivocal as to ensure certitude, test theory evolved in part to address questions of weight, coverage, and import of data. The resulting concepts and techniques can be viewed as applications of more general principles for inference in the presence of uncertainty. Issues of evidence and inference in educational assessment are discussed from this ... |
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| Automation and Cognition in Air Traffic Control: An Empirical Investigation |
FEB 95 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
O. U. Vortac; Mark B. Edwards; Dana K. Fuller; Carol A. Manning; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| A simulation of an air traffic control task was the setting for an investigation of the functions of external cues in prospective memory. External cues can support the triggering of an action or memory for the content of the action. We focused on memory for the content and manipulated the temporal characteristics of the external cue to disentangle two possible functions the cue can support: (1) An external cue visible ... |
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| Second Operational Test and Evaluation of Forms 18 and 19 of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery |
FEB 95 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Gary L. Thomasson; Lauress Wise; Bruce Bloxom; John Welsh; Richard Branch; DEFENSE MANPOWER DATA CENTER MONTEREY CA
|
| The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) is a set of ten tests administered by the Department of Defense (DoD) to all applicants for enlistment in the United States Armed Services, as part of the Enlistment Testing Program, and also administered in high schools as a component of the Student Testing Program. The tests included in ASVAB are listed in Table I, which also shows the length of each test ... |
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| Whistleblower Protection: Continuing Impediments to Protection of Military Members |
FEB 95 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL A FFAIRS DIV
|
| This GAO Report documents the findings of the General Accounting Office in reviewing the rights and protections afforded military whistleblowers from reprisal in the form of mental health evaluations. Specifically, the report examines the system established under the 1988 Military Whistleblower Protection Act to prevent reprisals and to note its effectiveness. Also, the GAO investigated whether servicemembers have a mechanism to challenge alleged reprisals that occurred prior to enactment of ... |
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| Some Performance Effects of Age and Low Blood Alcohol Levels on a Computerized Neuropsychological Test |
FEB 95 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Schroder; Howard C. Harris Jr.; William E. Collins; Thomas E. Nesthus; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| COGSCREEN is a computerized test battery developed for the Federal Aviation Administration as an airman neuropsychological screening instrument for cognitive functioning. This study explored a multifaceted application of the sensitivity of the battery to potential differences in performance capabilities, current civil aviation interest in the performance effects of low levels of blood alcohol, and the potential significance of age on cognitive performance. Nine of 11 basic COGSCREEN tests were used ... |
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| Operations Other Than War |
FEB 95 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Hugo E. Mayer; Edward George; Bruce Rickert; John Noble; Robert Coy; TRADOC ANALYSIS CENTER FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This report provides information about operations other than war (OOTW), and provides a task analysis of OOTW activities. The study deals with 4 of the 13 OOTW activities identified in FM 100-5. They are: humanitarian assistance and disaster relief; counterdrug operations; peacekeeping; and peace enforcement. It also identifies about 400 tasks and subtasks for soldiers in OOTW. Among the study's conclusions are the following: Training to standard on their unit's ... |
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| Behaviour and Information Technology. An International Journal on the Human Aspects of Computing, Volume 14, Number 1, January-February 1995 |
FEB 95 |
|
| Authors:
T. F. Stewart; SYSTEM CONCEPTS LTD LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
 | There's more to text and pictures than meets the eye... The retrieval of images from image databases - trademarks; Announcement; A comparison of mouse and speech input control of a text annotation system; Not everyone loves their computer... Occupational differences in computer-related anxiety: implications for the implementation of a computerized patient management information system; Effect of job demands and social support on worker stress: a study of VDT users; Dialogue ... |
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| Tutoring Transfer of Technical Competence |
FEB 95 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Sherrie P. Gott; Ronald S. Kane; Alan Lesgold; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE
|
| We report partial results of the evaluation of an intelligent tutoring system (Sherlock 2) that fosters the transfer of complex technical skills. The tutor's learning environment is concordant with views from the acquired skill through coached apprenticeship activities. Instructional content consists of authentic problem solving scenarios that situate trainees in realistic contexts where they can practice and hone complex diagnostic skills. Moreover, results show that their acquired expertise is generalizable ... |
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| Reducing the Confirmation Bias in an Evolving Situation |
FEB 95 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Martin A. Tolcott; F. F. Marvin; DECISION SCIENCE CONSORTIUM INC RESTON VA
|
| This report presents the results of Phase 2 research on decision making in an evolving situation. As in Phase 1, the problem context was situation assessment by trained Army intelligence analysts working in pairs. Participants were given an initial battlefield scenario and asked to determine the enemy's most likely avenue of approach and to give their level of confidence; subsequently they were asked to reconsider their decisions after receiving each ... |
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| A Cognitive Architecture for Solving III-Defined Problems |
FEB 95 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Keith J. Holyoak; Paul R. Thagard; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| A computational theory of analogical mapping is described, based on a small set of constraints. The theory is embodied in a computer simulation that is applied to several examples, including psychological data on the mapping process. (AN) |
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| Psychological Pilot Selection in the U.S. Air Force, the Luftwaffe, and the German Aerospace Research Establishment |
FEB 95 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Monika Gnan; Christopher F. Flynn; Raymond E. King; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX AEROSPACE MEDICINE DIRECTORATE
|
| As financial resources for the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and the German Luftwaffe (LW) dwindle, reducing attrition from military aviation training becomes vital. Finding the optimal mixture of applicant personality, stamina, and psychomotor skills for aviation is a goal as complicated as it is elusive. This paper compares the USAF, LW and German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) pilot selection programs. The LW and DLR utilize a sequential psychological selection system ... |
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| Contextual Interference Effects on Acquisition and Transfer of a Complex Motor Task |
FEB 95 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Barry P. Goettl; GALAXY SCIENTIFIC CORP LACKLAND AFB TX
|
| Research in motor skill and verbal memory suggests that random sequencing of trials results in retention and transfer that is superior to blocked presentation of trials. The contextual interference effect is based largely on relatively simple motor and verbal tasks. The present study explores the generalizability of the contextual interference effect to a complex flight simulator task. Subjects were assigned to three groups: whole-task training, low contextual interference, high contextual ... |
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| The Relation Between Group Cohesiveness and Performance: An Integration |
FEB 95 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Mullen; Carolyn Copper; SYRACUSE UNIV NY
|
| This paper reports on a meta-analytic integration of the relation between group cohesiveness and performance. Overall, the cohesiveness- performance effect was highly significant and of small magnitude. Several theoretically informative determinants of the cohesiveness-performance effect were examined. This effect was significantly stronger when cohesiveness was operationalized in terms of measurements of group members' perceptions of cohesiveness than when cohesiveness was operationalized in terms of experimental inductions of cohesiveness. The results ... |
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| A Comparison of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Synthetic Work Performance and a Conventional Performance Assessment Battery |
FEB 95 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy F. Elsmore; Frederick W. Hegge; Paul Naitoh; Tamsin Kelly; Karen Schlangen; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Techniques for assessment of human cognitive performance span a broad range, from questionnaires, paper-and-pencil tests, computerized tests of cognitive and motor abilities, to simulators and field exercises. Due to the availability of powerful personal computers, recent years have seen a concentration of interest on the middle of this continuum, computerized testing in the form of performance assessment batteries or PABs (Anger, 1990; Englund, Reeves, Shingledecker, Thorne, Wilson, & Hegge, 1985; ... |
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| Reasoning Under Uncertainty |
26 JAN 95 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph Y. Halpern; IBM ALMADEN RESEARCH CENTER SAN JOSE CA
|
| This report summarizes the research performed under this contract. The research can he divided into four areas: (1) Computing degrees of belief, (2) Reasoning about knowledge and communication, (3) Nonmonotonic reasoning, and (4) Belief change. Topic (1) is concerned with how an agent such as a doctor should assign degrees of belief to events such as Tom has hepatitis given a large knowledge base of first-order and statistical information (such ... |
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| COADE: A Framework for Cognitive Analysis, Design, and Evaluation |
23 JAN 95 |
|
| Authors:
P. Essens; J. Fallesen; C. McCann; J. Cannon-Bowers; G. Dorfel; NATO DEFENCE RESEARCH GROUP BRUSSELS (BELGIUM)
|
| The development of support of decision making processes in complex systems requires a systematic approach based upon knowledge of the human's role, capabilities, and the tasks to be performed. Results from a survey and a workshop show that there is a need for methodologies that systematically address the cognitive factors of complex task situations. COADE provides the developer and cognitive specialist with an approach to the development of cognitively- centered ... |
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| Gender Differences in Conceptualizing Sexual Harassment |
JAN 95 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Marie D. Thomas; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The purpose of this study was to identify gender differences in interpreting behaviors as sexually harassing and to investigate variables that Navy enlisted personnel consider when making such judgments. Three hundred and forty-seven enlisted men and women from three San Diego Navy sites took part in the study. Each participant was administered a questionnaire, and a subsample of personnel participated in the focus groups. Key findings are: (1) The scenarios ... |
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| Effects of Age and Low Doses of Alcohol on Compensatory Tracking During Angular Acceleration |
JAN 95 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Howard C. Harris Jr.; David J. Schroeder; William E. Collins; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| Heightened interest in existing FAA regulations regarding alcohol and flying, with emphasis on the potential effects of low blood alcohol levels on performance, indicated a need for research to help define effects of low doses of alcohol on performance. This study was designed to assess the effects of age and three breath alcohol levels (0.04, 0.027, and 0.014%). Performance was assessed while subjects experienced mild angular stimulation. On the day ... |
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| Test Theory Reconceived |
JAN 95 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Mislevy; EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE PRINCETON NJ
|
| Educational test theory consists of statistical and methodological tools to support inference about examinees' knowledge, skills, and accomplishments. The evolution of test theory has been shaped by the nature of users' inferences, which until recently, have been framed almost exclusively in terms of trait and behavioral psychology. Progress in the methodology of test theory enabled users to extend the range of inference, sharpen the logic, and ground their interpretations more ... |
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| Effects of Age and Low Doses of Alcohol on Compensatory Tracking During Angular Acceleration |
JAN 95 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Howard C. Harris Jr.; David J. Schroeder; William E. Collins; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| Heightened interest in existing FAA regulations regarding alcohol and flying, with emphasis on the potential effects of low blood alcohol levels on performance, indicated a need for research to help define effects of low doses of alcohol on performance. This study was designed to assess the effects of age and three breath alcohol levels (0.04, 0.027, and 0.014%). Performance was assessed while subjects experienced mild angular stimulation. On the day ... |
|
| Astronaut Selection (NASA-MIPR) |
JAN 95 |
|
| Authors:
John C. Patterson; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX AEROSPACE MEDICINE DIRECTORATE
|
| Since the last technical note, one selection cycle has been run: 26 June - 2 September 1994. A selection cycle had been planned for fall, 1993 but was cancelled by NASA. During the June - September cycle a total of 122 applicants were screened, about 20 applicants for each of the 6 weeks. From these applicants 10 pilots and 9 mission specialist candidates were selected. Among those selected 6 were ... |
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| Understanding Videoteleducation: An Overview |
JAN 95 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Jim Suchan; Alice Crawford; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This research examined selected distance learning and videoteleducation (VTE) literature to determine the factors Navy health care executives, administrators, and instructors should consider before implementing VTE technology. The literature and interview with VTE users revealed the lack of an explicit theoretical framework or conceptual scheme to root VTE research findings. To remedy this fundamental problem, this report provides a conceptual scheme of VTE use based on administrators' and instructors' conceptualization ... |
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| Causal Models in the Acquisition and Instruction of Programming Skills |
JAN 95 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Reiser; PRINCETON UNIV NJ DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| This research project investigates how an interactive learning environment can support students' learning and acquisition of mental models when acquiring a target cognitive skill. In this project, we have constructed GIL, an intelligent tutoring system for LISP programming, and have used GIL to conduct pedagogical experiments on skill acquisition. We have studied two ways in which an interactive learning environment can facilitate students acquisition of novel complex domains. The first ... |
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| Optimizing the Long-Term Retention of Skills: Structural and Analytic Approaches to Skill Maintenance |
JAN 95 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Alice F. Healey; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER
|
| Progress has been made in determining guidelines for optimizing the long-term retention of skills. Studies on learning and retention of color-word interference, schedule components, list components, mental arithmetic, and vocabulary acquisition suggest that optimal retention will result from using procedures during training, relating information to previous experience, making the information distinctive, promoting direct retrieval of the information, and providing refresher or practice tests. |
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| Active Learning with Statistical Models |
JAN 95 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Cohn; Zoubin Ghahramani; Michael I. Jordan; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
|
| For many types of learners one can compute the statistically optimal' way to select data. We review how these techniques have been used with feedforward neural networks. We then show how the same principles may be used to select data for two alternative, statistically-based learning architectures: mixtures of Gaussians and locally weighted regression. While the techniques for neural networks are expensive and approximate, the techniques for mixtures of Gaussians and ... |
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| Psychological Approaches to Organized Aggression: Second Final Report |
JAN 95 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley J. Rachman; LONDON UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM) INST OF PSYCHIATRY
|
| The purpose of this paper was to consider whether psychologists are in a position to improve our understanding of and ability to deal with terrorism and its effects. The psychological aspects of terrorism are divided into six categories. The six categories of psychological terrorism are (1) psychological analyses of the terrorist; (2) the nature, timing, and effects of terrorist acts; (3) the behavior during acts of terrorism of terrorists, victims, ... |
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| Development of Courage in Military Personnel in Training and Performance in Combat Situations |
JAN 95 |
175 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley Rachman; LONDON UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM) INST OF PSYCHIATRY
|
| The objective of this study was to investigate the components of courage, to study the development of courage through training to performance, and to identify the distinctive qualities, if any, of courageous people. The study was directed toward the selection, training, performance, and post-tour adjustment of bomb-disposal operators of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC). (AN) |
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| Cognitive Resource Theory and the Utilization of the Leader's and Group Members' Technical Competence |
JAN 95 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Susan E. Murphy; Dewey Blyth; Fred E. Fledler; COMMUNITY COUNCIL PHOENIX AZ
|
| The belief that training leads to improved job performance is often unquestioned. For various reasons, however, research has failed to demonstrate a consistent relationship. Two related experiments investigated the conditions under which technical training for leaders and group members contribute to group performance. The first study compared the effectiveness of decisions in groups in which the leader was (a) instructed to be either directive or nondirective, and (b) given a ... |
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| The Effects of Stress on Judgement and Decision Making: An Overview and Arguments for a New Approach |
JAN 95 |
82 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth R. Hammond; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON JUDGMENT AND POLICY
|
| This monograph consists of an overview of four principal literatures on the effects of stress on human performance, with specific reference to studies of the effects of stress on human judgement and decision making. The four literatures are: Clinical/social/personality (Literature I), ergonomics/ human factors (Literature II), psychohysiology (Literature III), and judgement and decision making (Literature IV). |
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| Optimal Averaging in Performance Tests |
JAN 95 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Marshall B. Jones; MILTON S HERSHEY MEDICAL CENTER PA
|
| The purpose of this research was to develop a methodology for optimizing the temporal stability and predictive validity of performance tests and to apply that methodology to the Project-A, computer-administered tests. In the present research, a performance test is treated as a task to be practiced, and tests are analyzed as individual differences in skill acquisitions and retention. Classical test theory is also used. The predictive validity of the Project-A, ... |
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| A Study of Cohesion and Other Factors of Major Influence on Soldiers' and Unit Effectiveness |
JAN 95 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Dana Yagil; ISRAEL DEFENCE FORCES TEL-AVIV DEPT OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
|
| The present research focuses on the issue of small unit cohesion based on organizational bonding, horizontal bonding, and vertical bonding in relation to unit effectiveness. The study analyzes the intervening effects of professionalism confidence in the commander, commander tenure, morale, motivation, and stress on the relationship between cohesion and effectiveness. A questionnaire set composed of the ARI "platoon cohesion index," and the IDF questionnaire was administered to 18 infantry platoon ... |
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| The Role of Fixation and Visual Attention in Object Recognition |
JAN 95 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Aparna L. Ratan; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
|
| This research project is a study of the role of fixation and visual attention in object recognition. In this project, we build an active vision system which can recognize a target object in a cluttered scene efficiently and reliably. Our system integrates visual cues like color and stereo to perform figure/ground separation, yielding candidate regions on which to focus attention. Within each image region, we use stereo to extract features ... |
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| Living within Constraints: An Emerging Vision for High Performance Public Works |
JAN 95 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Pietrowsky; Cameron Gordon; James F. Thompson; ARMY ENGINEER INST FOR WATER RESOURCES FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| This is the concluding report of the Federal Infrastructure Strategy (FIS) Program, a three-year study exploring the development of integrated or multi-agency Federal infrastructure policies. It documents the results of FIS activities, including the findings of the intergovernmental coordination facilitated by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR) and approximately 30 other research elements. The principles essential to the development of a Federal strategy are outlined, an action agenda recommended, ... |
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| Centering: A Framework for Modelling the Local Coherence of Discourse |
JAN 95 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara J. Grosz; Aravind K. Joshi; Scott Weinstein; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA DEPT OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
|
| This paper concerns relationships among focus of attention, choice of referring expression, and perceived coherence of utterances within a discourse segment. It presents a framework and initial theory of centering which are intended to model the local component of attentional state. The paper examines interactions between local coherence and choice of referring expressions; it argues that differences in coherence correspond in part to the inference demands made by different types ... |
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| The Therapeutic Use of Music in Critical Care |
95 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Judith M. Daly; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Music therapy is an area that is oftentimes not widely accepted in the highly technological environment of the critical care unit. This is unfortunate since music has been an integral part of healing dating back to ancient times. An extensive review of nursing research literature indicates physiological and psychological benefits to music therapy. These benefits include reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pain and anxiety, along with increases ... |
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| 3D Battalion (Patriot), 43D Air Defense Artillery Rear Detachment / Family Support Operations. 'Those Who Stayed Home' |
95 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Martin W. Leek; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| My purpose in writing this monograph is twofold. First, to chronicle the decision making process used to plan, develop, and execute the 3- 43 ADA Rear Detachment and Family Support System used during the Battalion's second deployment to Saudi Arabia. My second, and probably more important, purpose is to examine some of the lessons learned from what turned out to be a very arduous process. I will attempt to describe ... |
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| Companion Animal Attachment Its Influence Upon the Emotional Well - Being of Elders Living in the Community |
95 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Frances L. Howe; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| There is a need to identify the meaning of companion animals in daily life and to explore the ways in which the presence of companion animals can affect the health and well-being of elders. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which attachment with a companion animal reduces loneliness in community-dwelling elders. A convenience sample of 81 pet owners was used. The participants completed both the ... |
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| The Effects of Maternal Depression on Mother-Infant Interaction During Feeding Episodes and Infant Attachment Classification |
95 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Lynne A. Foss; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This secondary investigation analyzed previously videotaped feeding episodes of mothers and their 8 and 13 month old infants. The purpose of this study was to compare the interactive styles of depressed and non depressed mothers and their infants. Women were placed in the appropriate group after being given the Schedule of Affective disorders and Schizophrenia. Additionally, the data from the 13 month feeding episodes were compared to the infants' attachment ... |
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| Environmental Context and Implicit and Explicit Memory |
95 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Ginni L. Guiton; GEORGIA UNIV ATHENS
|
| We have all had experiences in which we were on our way to perform a task and forgot what we were going to do until we returned to the original place, or environmental context, where we first decided to do the task. What is it that enables us to remember the task when we return to the original context? What cognitive mechanisms underlie contextual memory support? Does environmental context differentially ... |
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| The Activity of High-Frequency Vibratory Sensitive Neurons in Monkey Primary Somatosensory Cortex during the Initiation of Vibratory and Visually Cued Hand Movements |
95 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Lebedev; Randall J. Nelson; TENNESSEE UNIV MEMPHIS DEPT OF ANATOMY AND NEUROBIOLOGY
|
| The activity of high-frequency vibratory sensitive (nFVS) neurons was recorded in monkey primary somatosensory cortex (SI) while animals performed wrist flexions and extensions in response to 27, 57 or 127 Hz palmar vibration or in response to visual stimuli serving as go-cues. HFVS neurons were distinguished by their best responsiveness to the highest frequency vibration (127 Hz) being better than to the lower frequencies. These neurons probably received input from ... |
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| Final Technical Report for Contract N00014-91-J-1764 (Columbia College) |
95 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Zafra Lerman; Nestor A. Schmajuk; Geog Goldbogen; COLUMBIA COLL CHICAGO IL
|
| This study describes hippocampal participation in classical conditioning in terms of a multilayer network that portrays stimulus configuration. The network (a) describes behavior in real time, (b) incorporates a layer of "hidden" units positioned between input and output units, (c) includes inputs that are connected to the output directly as well as indirectly through the hidden-unit layer, and (d) employs a biologically plausible backpropagation procedure to train the hidden-unit layer. ... |
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| Northwest Construction Contractors' Substance Abuse Policies and Practices |
95 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Darryl K. Creasy; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
|
| The purpose of this research was to gain information about the incidence of substance abuse in the Northwest construction industry and to characterize contractor company policies and practices being implemented to deter substance abuse among construction workers. The findings show that substance abuse exists on Northwest construction sites. A large percentage of high volume construction contractors (76.9%) in the Northwest perform some type of substance abuse testing. Pre-employment and post ... |
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| Psychological Effects of U.S. Air Operations in Four Wars, 1941 - 1991. Lessons for the Commanders |
95 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen T. Hosmer; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| This study suggests ways to maximize the psychological impact of U.S. airpower in future conflicts. It draws on enemy prisoner of war (POW) interrogations and other data from the Korean, Vietnam, and Persian Gulf wars to analyze the psychological effects of past U.S. air operations against both enemy strategic targets and deployed forces. Among other objectives, the study aims to identify conditions that enhance or limit the psychological effects of ... |
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| Modularity of Sequence Learning Systems in Humans |
95 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Steven W. Keele; Tim Curran; OREGON UNIV EUGENE DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| In this chapter we examine other components that contribute to skill, concentrating on psychophysical studies of sequence learning. We provide evidence that sequence representation is modular in the sense that it is separable from the motor systems that actually implement movement. Thus, sequencing resembles timing in that an abstract relationship is transferrable among different input/output systems. Secondly, we provide evidence for different sequential learning systems that are in certain respects ... |
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Psychology
