| Gender, Stress, and Coping in the U.S. Military. Volume 3. Performance |
OCT 95 |
260 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Ursano; Ann E. Norwood; Carol S. Fullerton; Loree K. Sutton; Catherine Levinson; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
|
 | Military leaders have long recognized that mission readiness requires both the absence of disease and the presence of mental, physical, and spiritual health. However, little is presently known about the health of military women, particularly as it may be uniquely affected by trauma and war. Such knowledge is essential to meeting the health needs of military women for all mission contingencies. These missions include: peacekeeping and peacemaking activities (e.g., the ... |
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| Enhancing Positive Reactions to Breast Cancer Risk Appraisal |
OCT 95 |
134 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara Cochrane; FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER SEATTLE WA
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| Breast cancer screening is currently the most reasonable strategy for reducing the impact of breast cancer on women. However, increased perceived risk and psychological distress have been associated with lower screening rates. Thus, this study seeks to: (1) assess the psychological distress of 350 women ages 50 to 85 who receive breast cancer risk appraisal and randomization to immediate or delayed group psychosocial counseling (2) assess their breast cancer screening ... |
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| Event-Related Potentials: The P3OO and Self-Referent Stimuli |
OCT 95 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Eben M. Ingram; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
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| This was an exploratory study designed to assess the effect of self- referent stimuli on the P300 component of the electroencephalogram (EEG). The stimuli were self-referent phrases. Self-referent phrases are phrases that are personally descriptive, and are, therefore, considered to be personally relevant. Personal relevance was manipulated through the truthfulness of the self-referent phrases. The EEG was examined for the occurrence of the P300 wave of the human event-related brain ... |
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| Family Stress During a Peacekeeping Deployment |
26 SEP 95 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Amy B. Adler; Deanna M. Peace; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
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| This brief research report summarizes a study of family stress during a 6-month peacekeeping deployment. Study participants were spouses of soldiers deployed as part of a US Army peacekeeping task force in support of United Nations Protection Forces (UNPROFOR) in the former Yugoslavia. The results are based on interviews and surveys conducted by the U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Europe with US Army spouses living in 3 types of military communities ... |
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| Chemical Ecology And Marine Carnivory: The Role of Free Amino Acids As Natural Feeding Attractants |
20 SEP 95 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
John E. Commins; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| The chemical senses of olfaction and taste are important determinants of animal feeding responses. Prior laboratory physiological and behavioral studies have demonstrated that compounds such as amino acids are potent feeding attractants for a variety animals. |
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| Predicting Military-Induced Stress Responses in Servicewomen (Air Force) |
19 SEP 95 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Edna Fiedler; WILFORD HALL USAF MEDICAL CENTER LACKLAND AFB TX
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| This study is to provide a description of medical, prior-to-service biographical data, and neuropsychological characteristics of women who enlist in the United States Air Force allowing comparison of women and men of different ethnic backgrounds who do or do not (a) excessively use medical resources, (b) successfully graduate. Subjects were about 1500 female and 800 male recruits entering USAF Basic Military Training (BMT) at Lackland AFB. Data collection included prior-to-service ... |
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| Electrically Mediated Trauma Repair |
18 SEP 95 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Richard B. Borgens; PURDUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION LAFAYETTE IN
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| As an external application to injured or developing systems, steady voltage gradients can alter the dynamics of such processes in a predictable and polarized way. We have exploited this in ways designed to enhance the regeneration of nervous tissue with small current regulated implantable devices. We have facilitated regeneration of nerve fibers within the lesioned adult mammalian spinal cord following acute application of DC fields. Further tests proved that a ... |
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| Minimizing Statistical Bias with Queries |
14 SEP 95 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Cohn; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
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| This report describes an exploration criterion that attempts to minimize the error of a learner by minimizing its estimated squared bias. The author describes experiments with locally-weighted regression on two simple kinematics problems, and observed that this "bias-only" approach outperforms the more common "variance-only" exploration approach, even in the presence of noise. |
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| An Experimental Test of the Poliheuristic Theory of Foreign Policy Decision making using Military Leaders |
10 SEP 95 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Amy E. Carnes; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| This is a study in foreign policy decision making which assesses the impact of dynamic choice sets (where new alternatives appear during the decision process), on strategy selection and choice in international politics. The hypotheses tested involve how leaders change their decision making strategies during a foreign policy crisis depending on the limitations of time, information, and task complexity. In order to test these hypotheses, a computer- based decision board ... |
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| Real Time Control of Reasoning |
08 SEP 95 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew L. Ginsberg; OREGON UNIV EUGENE
|
| This award led to six major technical advances during the contract period. Several of these (approximate planning, dynamic backtracking and limited discrepancy search) promise to substantially change the way various AI subcommunities solve problems. Approximate planning formalizes an approach to planning that, instead of being correct (every plan returned achieves the goal) and complete (all such plans are returned), is approximately correct and complete, in that most plans returned achieve ... |
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| Reminding-Based Learning |
05 SEP 95 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Brian H. Ross; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA
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| When learning new cognitive skills involving problem solving, novices are often reminded of earlier problems. This project examined this common means of learning from remindings. First, the representation of the resulting generalization was investigated. Generalizations from earlier problems may be both selective (only some parts are included in the generalization) and conservative (some superficial aspects are included). The studies found evidence for these characteristics and showed how such generalization may ... |
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| Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Formation |
01 SEP 95 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Gary Lynch; CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE CENTER FOR THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
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| Long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely regarded as a substrate for commonplace varieties of memory. The work supported by AFOSR grant 49620-92-0307 was intended to describe the cellular mechanisms responsible for the expression and stabilization of LTP. |
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| The Effects of Sustained Operations on Female Soldier Performance |
01 SEP 95 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Teresa A. Treadwell; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| This annual report for the Defense Women's Health Research Program presents the project status on the sustained operations study comparing female and male soldier performance. An overview of previous sustained operations research and a description of the study's research methodology and measures are given. Soldiers with combat support MOSs will undergo 48 hours of sustained operations in a field environment. During the study period, soldiers will complete cognitive, psychological, and ... |
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| Gender Composition of High Stress Tactical Decision Making Teams: Impact on Team Process and Outcome |
01 SEP 95 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Linda R. Elliott; Cynthia O. Guerrero; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX
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| The purpose of this research is to ascertain the effects of team communication and decision making processes occurring within the context of tactical decision making teams, and the extent to which these processes differ among teams varying in gender composition. Tactical decision making teams require interdependent members to interpret and coordinate information with speed and synergy. Team performance is dependent not only on individual proficiency but also the ability of ... |
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| Social Environment and Stress Factors that Relate to Well-Being, Satisfaction, and Attitudes Toward Retention and Deployability in Married and Single Parent Female Soldiers |
01 SEP 95 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Patti L. Johnson; WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER WASHINGTON DC
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| The current study investigates the relationship between environment/ stress variables and well-being, job satisfaction, and attitudes toward retention and readiness in active duty female soldiers. Furthermore, the way in which social support moderates this relationship is explored. To date, 120 participants have completed a packet of questionnaires, and 19 participants have completed individual interviews to obtain additional qualitative information re: their military experiences. An additional 80 participants are being solicited ... |
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| Time Course of Visual Extrapolation Accuracy |
01-Sep-1995 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne L Waag; Don R Lyon; ARMSTRONG LAB MESA AZ OPERATIONS TRAINING DIV
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| In two experiments, we examined the extrapolation of a constant-velocity motion along a fixed circular path in the frontal plane. A target moved over an arc of 90 deg and then disappeared. Observers were to assume that the motion continued at the original velocity. After a variable time, a line appeared at another point on the circle to mark the end of the "invisible" "motion." Observers decided whether or not ... |
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| Individual Differences in the Generation and Processing of Performance Feedback |
SEP 95 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Herold; Charles K. Parsons; Roger B. Rensvold; GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA
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| In this paper, we identify domain-specific measures of individual differences in feedback propensities. In a series of studies, we identify the primary dimensions, psychometric characteristics, and construct validation evidence for internal ability, internal propensity, and external propensity for feedback. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the three-dimensional representation. Correlations between the new scales and existing differences of personality are consistent with theoretical predictions. Research that has used the new scales to predict ... |
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| Perceptual Learning in the Acquisition of Flight Skills |
SEP 95 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Gavan Lintern; ILLINOIS UNIV SAVOY AVIATION RESEARCH LAB
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| Many skills transfer effects observed in flight training research may be explained by an appeal to invariant perceptual properties of the task environment. If training in a simulator serves to enhance sensitivity to perceptual properties that are critical to flight performance, a high level of transfer will result. The theory forwarded here assumes that a relatively low- dimensional set of properties supports flight control. It is those properties that need ... |
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| Evidence for an Interpersonal Knowledge Factor: The Reliability and Factor Structure of Tests of Interpersonal Knowledge and General Cognitive Ability |
SEP 95 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Peter J. Legree; Frances C. Grafton; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
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| Many aptitude scales measure general or academic knowledge and utilize a forced choice response format in which answers are scored as either correct or incorrect. In contrast to this traditional scoring procedure, quantifying performance on scales developed to measure interpersonal skills requires the opinions of multiple experts, and individual responses cannot be easily or unambiguously evaluated. Given this type of uncertain knowledge domain, a Likert procedure was modified to measure ... |
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| Computerized Adaptive Testing Version of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (CAT-ASVAB): Computer System Development |
SEP 95 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard A. Rafacz; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| In 1979, the Computerized Adaptive Testing version of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (CAT-ASVAB) program was initiated by the Department of Defense. One objective of the (Joint-Service) CAT-ASVAB program was to develop a distributed processing computer system capable of deploying CAT at aptitude testing sites of the United States Military Entrance Processing Command (USMEPCOM). In 1985, the CAT-ASVAB program was redirected with the initiation of the Accelerated CAT-ASVAB Project ... |
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| Factors Affecting the Reporting of Sexual Harassment in the Navy |
SEP 95 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Stephanie Booth-Kewley; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Only a small fraction of Navy members who experience sexual harassment use the Navy's formal grievance channels to report it. This study was conducted to identify factors associated with reporting of sexual harassment and with the filing of formal sexual harassment grievances. Telephone interviews were conducted with 228 Navy women (158 enlisted women and 70 women officers) who had been sexually harassed in the past year. The results showed that ... |
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| Battlefield Behavior of Neutrals and Hostiles: Models for the Team Tactical Engagement Simulator (TTES) |
SEP 95 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Judith H. Lind; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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| This study has been conducted to define typical battlefield behaviors for five groups of hostiles and neutrals who might be encountered in combat: (1) Standard Elite Troops, (2) Average Irregulars, (3) Isolated Criminals, (4) Frightened Civilians, and (5) Unfriendly Civilians. Results can be used in modeling computer-controlled hostiles and neutrals (CCH/Ns) in the joint Marine Corps-Navy Team Tactical Engagement Simulator (TTES), a deployable, flexible virtual reality training system. Military personnel ... |
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| Report on Distance Learning Technologies |
SEP 95 |
|
| Authors:
Peter Capell; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INST
|
 | This report provides a wide view of the costs, risks, and benefits associated with instructional technology alternatives. The number and variety of possible paths to learning through this technology have increased markedly in recent years with the advent of interactive multimedia, satellite communications, and the Internet. More than ever before, learning technologies have created new educational possibilities for people and organizations. In this ... |
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| Interactive Augmentation of Computer Generated Force Behavior Based on Cooperative and Reinforcement Learning. Phase 1 |
SEP 95 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Handelman; Stephen H. Lane; KATRIX INC PRINCETON NJ
|
| State-of-the-art Computer Generated Forces (CGFs) are predictable, non-adaptive, behaviorally distinguishable from manned simulators, and once "figured out," can be outsmarted by manned simulator crews. KATrix's NeurRule Technology integrates neural networks with rule-based systems, enabling SAF systems to continuously learn from manned simulators, human instructors, and its own mistakes. This Technology will make CGF behaviors more realistic, and will save time and money by permitting Battle Trainers to modify CGF behavior ... |
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| Identifying Situational Factors Contributing to Combat Performance During Desert Shield and Desert Storm |
SEP 95 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Gary E. Jandzinski; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Previous research into morale, cohesion, and motivation as determinants of performance during combat concentrates primarily on front-line ground troops. This research focuses on determinants of high performance involving United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft maintenance personnel in rear- echelon contingency bases during Desert Shield and Desert Storm. The significant amount of combat force projected from USAF contingency bases and the likely continued use of such force justifies analysis of determinants ... |
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| Measuring Behaviors of Air Force Officers as Indicators of Effective Performance and Leadership |
SEP 95 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Linda S. Hurry; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF LOGISTICS AND ACQUIS ITION MANAGEMENT
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| It is clear that the officer corps will play a key role in improving the Air Force's efficiency, preserving its traditions, and ensuring it maintains the highest level of combat capability. Yet, surprisingly, there is little agreement about exactly which types of officer performance contribute the most to meeting the Air Force's objectives. Performance requirements for officers have not been defined in terms specific enough to guide training course development ... |
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| Effects of Situational Factors on the Work Performance of Aerial Port Technicians |
SEP 95 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph T. Dougherty; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF LOGISTICS AND ACQUIS ITION MANAGEMENT
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| This research investigated the impact of situational factors on aerial port productivity. Results showed constraints had little impact on performance. However, perceptions of constraints and performance were significantly related to individual differences in temperament. |
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| Incorporating Performance Heteroscedasticity in the Evaluation of Job Performance |
SEP 95 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Max R. Massey; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF LOGISTICS AND ACQUIS ITION MANAGEMENT
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| This study investigated the relation of agreeableness and experience with performance heteroscedasticity in small groups. Personality assessments were administered to 55 US Air Force personnel. The participants were placed in three groups based on the personality dimension of agreeableness. Group 1 consisted of eleven sub-groups of randomly paired individuals ranked high on agreeableness. Group 2 consisted of eleven subgroups of randomly paired individuals ranked low on agreeableness. Members of group ... |
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| Event-Oriented Debriefing Following Military Operations: What Every Leader Should Know |
SEP 95 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Bartone; Amy B. Adler; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT EUROPE
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| The purpose of the Event-Oriented Debriefing brochure is to provide basic information about debriefing leaders. Debriefing is a factual review of events, including individual and unit reactions to those events, is important in helping soldiers adjust to their deployment experiences in a healthy and positive way. The pamphlet's focus is on debriefing after deployment but the overview can apply to other situations as well. The pamphlet describes what a debriefing ... |
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| Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Senior Leader Equal Opportunity Survey: Equal Opportunity Perceptions |
SEP 95 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Robert M. McIntyre; DEFENSE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY MANAGEMENT INST PATRICK AFB FL
|
| The "Equal Opportunity Perceptions" (EOP) portion of the Senior Leader Equal Opportunity Survey was examined for its psychometric properties. In a data set of 346 senior leaders from a variety of Services and DoD agencies, the following actions were taken: factor analyses were carried out to identify potential sub scales; scores on the tentative subscales were computed and corresponding internal consistency indices (Coefficient Alpha) were computed; correlational analyses were applied ... |
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| A Preliminary Analysis of the Theoretical Parameters of Organizaational Learning |
SEP 95 |
256 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery D. Loyd; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| The goal of this research was to develop an instrument capable of measuring the theoretical parameters of organizational learning that could be used as a diagnostic tool to measure an organization's learning potential. This goal was accomplished by developing a pilot questionnaire based on 27 potential learning parameters. The potential parameters of learning were extracted from the literature. A scale of behavioral statements was developed for each potential parameter. The ... |
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| Motivational Factors in Combat: A Comparison of German and American Soldiers in World War II Using Content Analysis |
SEP 95 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas J. Traversa; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| To determine whether content analysis could be used to successfully identify major combat motivational factors for individuals, this research focused on soldiers who fought in World War II. Combat narratives written by men who fought in World War II were examined. Ten German and ten American works were examined. Of these, five of each were the works of flyers and the other five were the works of ground troops. The ... |
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| The Effect of a Self-Care Education Program on a Military Medical Beneficiary Population |
SEP 95 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher S. Svehlak; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Previous research in the area of self-care has focused on medical beneficiaries in a wide range of settings, but the current or former members of the United States Armed Services have largely been ignored. This research concentrates on designing, implementing, and reporting on a study of the impact of a self-care education program on a military beneficiary population. Specifically, retired and active-duty households, whose medical records are maintained by the ... |
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| Aircrew Work/Rest Cycles in Boxtop 1/95 |
SEP 95 |
|
| Authors:
C. I. Mack; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
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| This paper reports on activity log data collected during Boxtop 1/95. Boxtop aircrew flew a fixed three-shift, three-airplane schedule repeating every 48 hours. A two-page activity log was used to collect data from 41 aircrew and wrist actigraphs were used to provide a second source of information from 18 aircrew. Information was collected on sleep length, hours awake before flying, hours continuously awake, mood, alertness and sleep quality. Significant differences ... |
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| A Community Study of Psychological Distress and Immune Function in Women With Family Histories of Breast Cancer |
SEP 95 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Heiddis Valdimarsodottir; SLOAN-KETTERING INST FOR CANCER RESEARCH NEW YORK
|
| To Date 99 women have been recruited for their first assessment. All women completed the psychological assessments and 55 agreed to have their blood taken for immune assessments. The initial psychological data have been entered and preliminary results indicate that women with family histories of cancer: (1) have higher levels of general distress; (2) have higher levels of cancer- specific distress; and, (3) perceive themselves to be at higher risk ... |
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| Distance Learning: Part of the National Performance Review Initiative on Education |
SEP 95 |
|
| Authors:
Laurna J. Hansen; Dale Schoenberger; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA
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| This study of the National Information Infrastructure (NIL) was conducted as part of IDA's Central Research Program. Education, to include distance learning, is one of seven key initiatives that the Clinton administration's National Performance Review (NPR) found could be impacted through the implementation of advanced information technology. Distance Learning is a general term used to cover the broad range of teaching and learning events in which the student is separated ... |
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| Cognitive Technology Extends the Work Environment and Accelerates Learning in Complex Jobs |
SEP 95 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Sherrie P. Gott; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE
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| Instructional technology that is grounded in cognitive theory is used as the medium to accelerate the acquisition ot complex problem solving skills. The use of an intelligent tutoring system to teach troubleshooting literally expands the learning environment by providing a simulated representation of the actual work environment where trainees work a graded series of troubleshooting scenarios. Scenarios are sequenced t9 promote successive approximations of mature practice as trainees work more ... |
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| Physical Based Toolkit for Real-Time Distributed Virtual World |
SEP 95 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Henry T. Ong; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis addresses three deficiencies in the NPSNET simulated world. First, although a full set of algorithms have been defined for Dead Reckoning (DR) entities in a distributed simulation, NPSNET only implements a few simple linear algorithms. Second, NPSNET lacks a set of physically-based models for munition trajectories having, currently, only algorithms for the bullet and bomb. Third, NPSNET lacks physically-based models for engine power curves using, instead, a simple ... |
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| The Effects of Structured Arrival and Departure Procedures on TRACON Air Traffic Controller Memory and Situational Awareness. |
SEP 1995 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Randy L. Sollenberger; Earl S. Stein; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION TECHNICAL CENTER ATLANTIC CITY NJ
|
| Air traffic control (ATC) is conducted by men and women of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) air traffic service. Controllers do an excellent job of keeping aircraft separated and safe. However, they do make mistakes. Many of these errors are caused by the limitations of working memory, which controllers continuously use to maintain situational awareness (SA) An experiment was conducted at the FAA Technical Center Human Factors Laboratory to examine ... |
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| An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Risk on Software Project Management |
SEP 95 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly S. Russ; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The ability to develop information systems within cost and schedule is a difficult task for the DoD. The Systems Dynamics Model of Software Project Management is an interactive, computer simulation which allows for the investigation of decision making in a software development environment. In this thesis the author investigates the impact of risk on dynamic decision making in software project management. Graduate students participate as project managers making management decisions ... |
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| Biopsychosocial Research Training in Breast Cancer |
SEP 95 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Michael H. Antoni; MIAMI UNIV CORAL GABLES FL
|
| Four trainees were enrolled in the training program in YR1, all graduate students in the APA-approved clinical health psychology program. Training throughout YRI was closely coordinated with 5 ongoing ACS-funded and NOl-funded biopsychosocial breast cancer research projects. All trainees were exposed through coursework to experimental design and statistics as well as psychosocial, biobehavioral and pathophysiologic perspectives on breast carcinoma and other chronic diseases. The latter focus is extended through the ... |
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| Psychological Intervention for Women With Breast Cancer |
SEP 95 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara L. Andersen; OHIO STATE UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLUMBUS
|
| Psychological research documents that the psychosocial burdens following breast cancer are notable in number, severity, and scope. A biobehavioral model of cancer stress and disease course has been proposed (see Andersen, Kiecolt-Claser, & Claser, 1994) and provides a conceptual basis for the proposed research. We will test the model with a clinical trial: 200 women with stage II or III breast cancer who have been recently diagnosed and surgically treated ... |
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| Survey of Minority Officers in the Navy: Attitudes and Opinions on Recruiting and Retention |
SEP 95 |
156 pages |
| Authors:
James E. Jones Jr.; Willie Stigler; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis addresses the reasons why minority officers joined the Navy and their attitudes toward continued service. Focused interviews were conducted with over 100 minority officers in the Navy at various locations around the country. All interviews were taped and then transcribed. Thirteen general themes emerged from the responses of the officers. These themes covered many topics, including the people who most influenced an officer's decision to join the Navy, ... |
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| A Simulation of the Bonus Incentive Recruiter Model (BIRM) |
SEP 95 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel T. Piper III; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The purpose of this thesis is to provide the United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC) with background material for developing the bonus table of the Bonus Incentive Recruiter Model (BIRM) and to provide estimates of the BIRM's effects on recruiting. Since this incentive structure has not been field tested, it is critical for USAREC to accurately understand the possible outcomes, advantages, and shortcomings if the BIRM were implemented. The first ... |
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| Assessment of Potential for Leadership Phase 1: Development of the Measures |
SEP 95 |
164 pages |
| Authors:
Robert F. Morrison; Rhonda M. Lovec; Barbara A. Woods; Ross R. Vickers Jr; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| A technology was required to identify potential leaders from among recruits who did not have the technical knowledge required for direct entry into 'A' schools with such requirements. To potentially fulfill this need, an experimental biodata form that emphasized teenage leadership opportunities was developed and an appropriate commercially available personality measure was identified. A major consideration during the above work was to ensure that such technology provided an equal opportunity ... |
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| Face Recognition From One Example View |
SEP 95 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
David Beymer; Tomaso Poggio; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
|
| To create a pose-invariant face recognizer, one strategy is the view- based approach, which uses a set of example views at different poses. But what if we only have one example view available, such as a scanned passport photo - can we still recognize faces under different poses? Given one example view at a known pose, it is still possible to use the view-based approach by exploiting prior knowledge of ... |
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| Errors in Skilled Performance |
31 AUG 95 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Dan J. Woltz; Michael K. Gardner; UTAH UNIV SALT LAKE CITY
|
| First, we discuss Anderson's (1983) ACT theory as the basis of our work on skilled performance errors. Second, we outline conditions we believe promote errors -- long-term priming (training on only a subset of possible problem solution types), short-term priming (presenting multiple surface structure instantiations of a single, deep structure problem type in succession) , and working memory load (presenting a concurrent secondary task requiring working memory capacity). Third, we ... |
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| A Multidimensional Approach to Distinguishing between the Most and Least Politically Engaged Senior Citizens, Using Socialization and Participation Variables |
29 AUG 95 |
362 pages |
| Authors:
Anne D. Miles; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This study is based upon a paradox: while large numbers of seniors enjoy sufficient personal resources to become highly politically engaged if they choose to, few of these potential activists do more than vote. This study tests the impact of a wide assortment of variables to better understand why this is so. Variables include the "usual suspects" from political participation literature (i.e. partisanship) and more unusual suspects drawn from socialization, ... |
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| Evaluating a Multimedia Authoring Tool |
28 AUG 95 |
|
| Authors:
Bonnie E. John; Matthew M. Mashyna; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| We present a detailed case study, drawn from many information sources, of a computer scientist learning and using Cognitive Walkthrough to assess a multi-media authoring tool. We then compare the predictions produced by the analysis to the usability problems actually found though empirical usability tests. This study results in several clear messages to both system designers and to developers of evaluation techniques: (1) the Cognitive Walkthrough technique is currently learnable ... |
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| The Harmonic Sieve: A Novel Application of Fourier Analysis to Machine Learning Theory and Practice |
23 AUG 95 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey C. Jackson; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| This thesis presents new positive results--both theoretical and empirical--in machine learning. The primary learning-theoretic contribution is the Harmonic Sieve, the first efficient algorithm for learning the well-studied class of Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) expressions (learning is accomplished within the Probably Approximately Correct model with respect to the uniform distribution using membership queries). Of particular interest is the novel use of Fourier methods within the algorithm. Specifically, all prior Fourier-based learning ... |
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Psychology
