| The Impact of the Health Care Perceptions of Female Patients and Their Health Care Providers on Women's Health Aboard Ships Compared to Women at Shore Stations |
MAR 96 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Lex L. Merrill; Ralph G. Burr; Kristee Emens-Hesslink; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
 | U.S. Navy women aboard 24 ships and at 39 shore stations were surveyed t0 determine their perceptions of their health, health care facilities, health care providers, and patient health care provider interactions. The women also reported their level of satisfaction with health care, medical care providers, and medical care facilities. The results indicate that the majority of women are satisfied with their health care while a minority indicated they are ... |
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| Soldier Beliefs About Peacekeeping Operations as Predictors of Depression, Morale, and Responsibility |
22 FEB 96 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas W. Britt; Amy B. Adler; Margaret A. Moore; Paul T. Bartone; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| Military personnel are seeing a sudden increase in peacekeeping and humanitarian relief missions. These missions have the potential for producing psychological ambiguities surrounding the relevance of the mission to the individual's identity as a soldier, the guidelines for how to behave during the mission, and the degree of control individuals feel they have over their job on the mission. In the present research we examined the beliefs of US Army ... |
|
| Content Analysis of Communication in a Hierarchical Navy Team |
13 FEB 96 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa B. Achille; Kay G. Schulze; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Communications are a crucial aspect of military decision making. Team members in the AEGIS Combat Information Center (CIC) share information through verbal communication, computerized combat systems, and computerized displays. The authors recorded the internal CIC communications during AEGIS team training exercises and developed a classification scheme to categorize team communication. Speech turns were identified, classified, and analyzed. Individual classifications were grouped into categories to describe functional activities, including CIC activity ... |
|
| A Comparison of the Operational Leadership of General Ulysses S. Grant and General Robert E. Lee During the American Civil War |
12 FEB 96 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel J. Lynch; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| OPERATIONAL LEADERSHIP IS A DIFFICULT CONCEPT TO DEFINE. THIS PAPER DEVELOPS A MODEL FOR OPERATIONAL LEADERSHIP, WHICH LISTS FOUR MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF OPERATIONAL LEADERS. AFTER PROVIDING AN HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, THIS PAPER THEN USES THAT MODEL TO COMPARE THE OPERATIONAL LEADERSHIP OF GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT AND GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. |
|
| Kill All the Lawyers!: How to Effectively Communicate the Fundamentals of International Law to Operators |
12 FEB 96 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Victor E. Bernson Jr; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Lack of knowledge of international law among many mid-level officers has become a serious operational readiness issue. Unfortunately, it appears that many of these officers do not know, and do not care, about the fundamentals of law and how it impacts upon their everyday activities, including how they plan and execute military operations. To remedy this unacceptable situation, a four- part method is proposed to facilitate teaching of the subject ... |
|
| Informal Technical Report for Software Technology for Adaptable Reliable Systems (STARS). Learning and Inquiry Based Reuse Adoption (LIBRA): A Field Guide to Reuse Adoption through Organizational Learning. Version 1.1 |
06 FEB 96 |
118 pages |
| Authors:
Sidney Bailin; Mark Simos; Larry Levine; Dick Creps; LORAL DEFENSE SYSTEMS-EAST MANASSAS VA
|
| This document presents a new and innovative learning oriented approach to reuse assessment and adoption. The approach, entitled Learning and Inquiry Based Reuse Adoption (LIBRA), focuses on highly participative scenario- based techniques derived from the fields of organizational learning and theatrical scripting. |
|
| Circadian Rhythms: Importance for Models of Cognitive Performance |
05 FEB 96 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Tamsin L. Kelly; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The objective of this paper is to provide information about circadian rhythms and their relevance to the development of models of human cognitive performance. Circadian rhythms are well-established characteristics of human performance. However, to date, models of human performance generally have not taken them into account. The general effects of circadian rhythms will be reviewed, followed by a discussion of the interaction of sustained operations (SUSOPS) and jet lag with ... |
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| Administration of 1-Tyrosine Prevents Cold-Induced Memory Deficits in Naval Special Warfare Personnel |
01 FEB 96 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
J. Schrot; J. R. Thomas; D. Shurtleff; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Thirty-six members of SEAL Team Two volunteered to serve as subjects in a field study to determine the efficacy of tyrosine to prevent cold-induced memory deficits. Members of three different platoons, over a three-year period of time, participated during annual Winter Warfare Training conducted in Alaska from January through March of each year. The subjects were first recruited, medically screened, and trained on a computerized cognitive performance assessment battery (PAB) ... |
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| Crew Factors in Flight Operations VII: Psychophysiological Responses to Overnight Cargo Operations |
01-Feb-1996 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Philippa H Gander; Kevin B Gregory; Linda J Connell; Donna L Miller; R C Graeber; Mark R Rosekind; SAN JOSE STATE UNIV FOUNDATION CA
|
| To document the psychophysiological effects of flying overnight cargo operations, 41 B-727 crew members (average age 38 yr) were monitored before, during, and after one of two typical 8-day trip patterns. During daytime layovers, the average sleep episode was 3 hr (41%) shorter than nighttime sleeps and was rated as lighter, less restorative, and poorer overall. Sleep was frequently split into several episodes and totaled 1.2 hr less per 24 ... |
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| Quality of Life for Marines at Camp Lejeune |
FEB 96 |
167 pages |
| Authors:
Herbert G. Baker; David W. Robertson; Leif Christiansen; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| A comprehensive assessment of Quality of Life (QOL) in the Marine Corps, using a life domain framework, in which were included the domains of residence, neighborhood, leisure and recreation, health, friends and friendships, marriage/intimate relationship, relations with children, relations with other relatives, income/standard of living, job, and self, was conducted in 1993. This report focuses on data for Camp Lejeune only. Global quality of life was shown to have significant ... |
|
| The Navy Values Community: Results of the 1993 Navy Core Values Survey |
FEB 96 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Herbert G. Baker; Sharon Le; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| This report contains a management summary of the results of the 1993 Navy Core Values (NCV) Survey. Sample characteristics are presented. Discussion focuses on response patterns which provide evidence of strong consensus and congruence of individual opinions and attitudes with the Navy Core Values, and on responses which show a divergence between those two domains. Also shown are selected sub-group comparisons. The results of the survey indicate the degree to ... |
|
| The Estimation of Incremental Validity in an Employment Setting: A review of Relevant Literature and Some Research Design Considerations |
FEB 96 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Norman G. Peterson; Mary A. Hanson; John H. Wolfe; PERSONNEL DECISIONS RESEARCH INST MINNEAPOLIS MN
|
| Improved validity coefficients have been reported for retest ASYAB scores. Two hypotheses hwe been made to explain this effect: Temporal Contiguity (TC), which posits a change in true scores over time, and Better Ability Estimate (BAE), which posits a reduction in error of measurement but no true score change. This report critically reviews literature relevant to the evaluation of these two hypotheses and proposes a research design to investigate the ... |
|
| Navy-Wide Personnel Survey (NPS)l990-1994: Summary of Trends |
FEB 96 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
John Kantor; Michael Ford; Gerry Wilcove; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The five previous Navy-wide Personnel Survey (NPS) questionnaires were screened for questions that appeared on two or more of the surveys. The data for those questions were retrieved from the corresponding data bases and depicted on graphs. The sampling represented 4-5% of the eligible enlisted and 11-13% of the eligible officer populations throughout the years. The overall return rates were between 44% and 47% of the entire sample, varying by ... |
|
| Comparison of C-MIS Response Patterns Across Varying Categories of Respondents |
FEB 96 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Marjorie M. Sands; Herbert G. Baker; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| This report documents research using the Civilian-Military Interest Survey (C-MIS). Response patterns vary according to the category of test subject, which included Navy recruits, high school students, and Navy recruiters in training. Findings are generally in accord with the Holland theory upon which the test was constructed. |
|
| Validation Study of Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Selector Composites: Basic Electricity and Electronics (BE&E) Schools and Their Class 'A' Schools for the Electronics Occupational Group |
FEB 96 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Reynaldo I. Monzon; Janet D. Held; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The purpose of this study was to validate ASVAB composites for the 11 ratings of the Electronics (OG) Occupational Group. The ASVAB consists of the following 10 tests: General Science (GS), Arithmetic Reasoning (AR), Word Knowledge (WK), Paragraph Comprehension (PC), Numerical Operations (NO), Coding Speed (CS), Auto and Shop Information (AS), Mathematics Knowledge (MK), Mechanical Comprehension (MC), and Electronics Information (EI). Verbal (VE) is composed of WK and PC. This ... |
|
| Submarines and 18-Hour Work Shift Work Schedules |
FEB 96 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Tamsin L. Kelly; Jeffrey T. Grill; Phillip D. Hunt; David F. Neri; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Circadian rhythms are fluctuations in physiological and behavioral parameters, cycling at a rate of about once every 24 hr, which are controlled by a biological clock. The endogenous circadian clock has been shown to cycle at a rate (tau) unique to each individual that is generally longer than 24 hr (24.25- 25 hr). The most accurate method for determining tau is a laboratory protocol called forced desynchrony. In forced desynchrony, ... |
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| Analysis of Combat Training Center Archive Data for Critical Leader Behaviors |
FEB 96 |
114 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Jarrett; BDM FEDERAL INC SEASIDE CA
|
| The ARI-CTC Archive contains records of exercises conducted at the U. S. Army Combat Training Centers (CTCs). The information contained in the archive was used to examine critical leader behaviors in the art of battle command. Some factors that were found to influence the commander's ability to see the battlefield are setting and enforcing standards of subordinate reporting and staff planning, and the commander's ability to use and trust subordinates. ... |
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| Further Research on Psychological Analyses of Courageous Performances in Military Personnel |
FEB 96 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
S. J. Rachman; BRITISH COLUMBIA UNIV VANCOUVER
|
| The aim of the research was to gain an increased understanding of the nature of courageous performances and the way in which it can be promoted. The practical objective was to develop methods for practicing courageous performances. Military personnel who have to perform hazardous duties were studied before and after training, during operational duties, and under laboratory stress. Various measures were used to asses their behavior, subjective reactions, and psychophysiological ... |
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| The Effect of Stress Inoculation Training on Anxiety and Performance |
FEB 96 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Teri Saunders; James E. Driskell; Joan Hall; Eduardo Salas; FLORIDA MAXIMA CORP WINTER PARK
|
| The development of effective training procedures to prepare the individual to resist the negative impact of stress is of considerable interest to government and industry. Stress inoculation training is a cognitive- behavioral stress intervention that has shown considerable promise; however, a number of questions arise regarding the application of this clinically based approach to more applied settings. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the overall effectiveness of stress inoculation training ... |
|
| Conceptual Capacity and Officer Effectiveness |
FEB 96 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Philip M. Lewis; AUBURN UNIV AL
|
| Individual differences in conceptual capacity were explored in an opportunity sample of 44 War College students. Replicating earlier findings War College students demonstrated a range of conceptual capability in particular with respect to breadth of perspective (Keagan, 1994) and conceptual work capacity (Jaques 1989). Ratings of these two conceptual capacities were once again found to be positively correlated and conceptual work capacity was positively correlated with War College instructor ratings ... |
|
| Leadership, Resources, and Performance in Two Army National Guard Battalions |
FEB 96 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Guy L. Siebold; H. W. Browning Jr; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The National Guard Bureau designed the project 'Robust Test' to assess the readiness impact over time of differing levels of full-time training support personnel and increments of additional training assemblies in eight combat companies. The U.S. Army Research institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences helped by assessing the impact of these differing levels of resources on leadership, motivation, and unit cohesion. Data showed soldier-reported levels of motivation, cohesion, and ... |
|
| Environmental Intensity, Stress, and Training |
FEB 96 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Ross C. Teague; Ok-Choon Park; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Stress and its effects on task performance and on human physical and mental well-being have received a great amount of attention. The majority of the efforts directed at reducing the negative effects of stress have either been after-the-fact treatments of individuals exposed to stress or 'time out' methods that include relaxation and communication techniques. While these have been shown to be useful techniques, their effectiveness is limited. Certain tasks do ... |
|
| Training Strategies for Tactical Pattern Recognition |
FEB 96 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Susan C. Fischer; James Geiwetz; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The U.S. Army's decentralized command structure in AirLand Battle doctrine gives individual tactical commanders great responsibility. Notwithstanding the significant roles each staff member plays, the commander himself must be sufficiently cognizant of the battlefield situation to provide his staff with initial and continuing guidance. Moreover, commanders must be able to decide quickly how to respond to ever changing, dynamic conditions on the battlefield. It is often the case that commanders ... |
|
| Introspective Multistrategy Learning: Constructing a Learning Strategy under Reasoning Failure |
Feb-1996 |
471 pages |
| Authors:
Michael T Cox; GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA
|
| The thesis put forth by this dissertation is that introspective analyses facilitate the construction of learning strategies. Furthermore, learning is much like nonlinear planning and problem solving. Like problem solving, it can be specified by a set of explicit learning goals (i.e., desired changes to the reasoner's knowledge); these goals can be achieved by constructing a plan from a set of operators (the learning algorithms) that execute in a knowledge ... |
|
| Processes Involved in the Integration of Pictures and Discourse |
31 JAN 96 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur M. Glenberg; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| There is no doubt that pictures can enhance text comprehension, and sometimes the effect is extraordinary. But how do pictures have this effect? One hypothesis is that pictures help to structure a spatial mental model. Indeed, initial results were strongly compatible with this hypothesis and contrary to others. Subsequent research was directed at characterizing the mental model. One possibility is that the mental model has a Euclidean structure and that ... |
|
| Language and Logic: Research in the Formalization of Discourse |
31 JAN 96 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Donald Perlis; Elizabeth Perlis; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK
|
| This project analyzed some of the pragmatic reasoning which underlies the understanding of simple natural language discourses. One characteristic of such reasoning is its nonmonotonicity; what follows from an isolated piece of a text does not necessarily follow from the text taken as a whole. Several linguistic constructions were identified which are important for the intended computational applications, and which produce these nonmonotonic effects in interpretation. An outline was given ... |
|
| Effects of Meditation-Based Stress Reduction in Younger Women with Breast Cancer (Videorecording). |
17 JAN 1996 |
|
| Authors:
MASSACHUSETTS UNIV MEDICAL CENTER WORCESTER
|
 | Physical description: 1 VHS video; 1/2 in.; col.; sd.; mono; 5 mins; standard playback sp. |
|
| Visual Search In Consumer Nutrition Labels |
09 JAN 96 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Robert E. Zak; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effect of the graphical layout of nutrition labels on their readability. Little empirical information is available on the value of the multiple enhancements incorporated into the design as mandated and standardized by the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990. Eye movement recording offered an attractive technique to explore consumer's cognitive processes while reading the labels. Eight women and two men ... |
|
| Reinforcement Learning Neural Networks for Optical Communications |
02 JAN 96 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Salour; TACAN CORP CARLSBAD CA
|
| The objective of this work is to utilize neural networks to find new methods for optimizing high performance broadband fiber-optic communication links. In typical broadband analog optical communication links, the dominant distortion comes from the laser transmitter. The electrical-to-optical transfer characteristics of both electro-optic external modulators and semiconductor lasers are nonlinear and create both odd- and even-order harmonic distortions of the modulating signal. One cost-effective method to cancel device nonlinearities ... |
|
| Reflections on Paradise, Volume 1. An Analysis of Comments of Military Families Residing Off Base, Hawaii 1993. |
JAN 1996 |
126 pages |
| Authors:
Susan N. Hollingsworth; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The Survey of Military Families Residing Off Base, Hawaii 1993 is a survey designed to gain feedback from military personnel regarding the services provided by the housing office, and their experiences in connection with obtaining housing on the local economy in Hawaii. At the end of the survey, respondents were given the opportunity to make comments about civilian housing, the performance of the housing office, or suggestions for improvement. This ... |
|
| Reflections on Paradise. Volume 2. An Analysis of Comments of Military Families Residing On Base, Hawaii 1993. |
JAN 1996 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Susan N. Hollingsworth; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The Survey of Military Families Residing On Base, Hawaii 1993 is a survey designed to gain feedback from military personnel regarding the services provided by the Housing Office, and their experiences in obtaining and living in on-base housing in Hawaii. At the end of the survey respondents were given the opportunity to make comments about on-base housing, the performance of the housing office, or suggestions for improvement This report analyzes ... |
|
| Methods for Conducting Cognitive Task Analysis for a Decision Making Task. |
JAN 1996 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Josephine M. Randel; H. L. Pugh; Barbara G. Wyman; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Cognitive task analysis (CTA) improves traditional task analysis procedures by analyzing the thought processes of performers while they complete a task. For this report, we have selected several of the measures for which we found differences in experts and novices and have detailed the procedures for using these methods to conduct a CTA for domains which involve critical decision making tasks in naturalistic settings. The cognitive task analysis methods that ... |
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| How to Support Families during Overseas Deployments: A Sourcebook for Service Providers |
JAN 96 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
D. B. Bell; Mary L. Stevens; Mady W. Segal; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK
|
| The purpose of this report is to review what is known about family support that can be applied to future Army deployments. The review is restricted to units of at least 150 service members that have deployed for at least a six month period since 1980. The Army's current installation-level support system for the Active Component (AC) has been fairly stable since 1990. The support system for AC battalions is ... |
|
| Quality of Life in the U.S. Marine Corps: Executive Summary |
JAN 96 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Elyse W. Kerce; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| A comprehensive assessment of Quality of Life (QOL) in the Marine Corps was conducted using perceptual data collected with a questionnaire designed for this effort and objective data from extant HQMC data files. The assessment utilized a life domain framework, in which were included the domains of residence, neighborhood, leisure and recreation, health, friends and friendships, marriage/intimate relationship, relations with children, relations with other relatives, income/standard of living, job, and ... |
|
| Modeling Practice, Performance, and Learning |
JAN 96 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Valerie J. Shute; J. W. Regian; GALAXY SCIENTIFIC CORP LACKLAND AFB TX
|
| This chapter presents the results from a study examining the relationship between practice, performance, and learning. We compared two versions of an intelligent tutoring system differing only in the number of problems that needed to be solved p problem set (Abbreviated =3 problems, Extended = 12 problems). Our hypotheses were that Abbreviated subjects, in comparison to Extended subjects, would: (a) take less time to complete the tutor because they had ... |
|
| An Examination of the Value of Demonstration Tapes for the Virtual Training Program |
JAN 96 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Theodore M. Shlechter; James Anthony; ARMY RESEARCH INST FIELD UNIT FORT KNOX KY
|
| This report discusses the instructional value of the demonstration tapes associated with the Virtual Training Program (VTP) at Fort Knox, KY. This examination consists of reviewing research on demonstration materials and examining VTP participants' use of and opinions regarding these tapes. Findings from the observational learning literature and the assessments indicated that the demonstration materials would augment the VTP's training value. The literature review revealed that observational learning techniques can ... |
|
| An Exploration of Psychological and Psychophysiological Measures as Predictors of Successful Performance Under Stress |
JAN 96 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald J. Heslegrave; Caran Colvin; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Based on a review of the literature and the development of a new psychophysiological model to account for individual coping responses to stress, two investigations were conducted. The first investigation developed and validated a new Occupational Stress Assessment Inventory that better examined stress in an occupational context with measures of active coping and ability to deal with stress built into the same instrument. In the second investigation this new inventory ... |
|
| Decision Making Under Uncertainty and Time Stress |
JAN 96 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
John Leddo; Mike O'Connor; Julie Doherty; Terry Bresnick; DECISION SCIENCE CONSORTIUM INC RESTON VA
|
| Tactical decision making occurs in environments characterized by high uncertainty, high-valued outcomes, and time stress. The critical relation of decision outcomes to uncertain events pushes decision makers to resolution of uncertainty. Time stress, however, works in the opposite direction, precluding ideal planning efforts. It is thus crucial to systematically characterize the impacts of uncertainty and time stress on tactical decision making to facilitate the design of decision aids that will ... |
|
| Efficient Incremental Induction of Decision Lists. Can Incremental Learning Outperform Non-Incremental Learning? |
JAN 96 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Wei-Min Shen; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MARINA DEL REY INFORMATION SCIENCES INST
|
| Although incremental learning has many advantages in theory, it is not in practice as widely used as non-incremental learning for real-world applications. One major reason for this situation is the lack of incremental algorithms that can perform as fast as non-incremental algorithms in general. In this paper, we present an effective yet very efficient incremental algorithm CDM for learning decision lists whose complexity is O(dn(2)), where d is the number ... |
|
| Questionnaire Measuring the Utility of Knowledge-Based Systems |
JAN 96 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Leonard Adelman; James Gualtieri; Sharon L. Riedel; Ann P. Trent; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| This paper describes the development and validation of an off-the- shelf questionnaire designed to be tailored, as needed, to obtain the opinions of potential users of knowledge based systems. Development began with a literature review to identify criteria used by different researchers to assess system utility and usability. The identified criteria then were organized into a multi-attributed hierarchy with the top three dimensions being Effect on Task Performance, System Usability, ... |
|
| Attrition Revisited: Identifying the Problem and Its Solutions |
JAN 96 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Janice H. Laurence; Jennifer Naughton; Dickie A. Harris; HUMAN RESOURCES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This report highlights the known and suggested causes correlated, and contributors to first-term enlisted attrition. Personal characteristics such as education credential, aptitude, gender, and age are discussed first followed be a description of organizational and situational influences. Better coordinated multivariate selection approaches to attrition are suggested as are realistic previews of military life. A pivotal factor in attrition is its management/ policy control at various levels. This aspect of attrition ... |
|
| Tutoring: Guided Learning by Doing |
JAN 96 |
108 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas C. Merrill; Brian J. Reiser; Shannon K. Merrill; Shari Landes; NORTHWESTERN UNIV EVANSTON IL
|
| Individualized instruction significantly improves students' pedagogical and motivated outcomes. In this paper, we seek to characterize tutorial behaviors that could lead to these benefits and consider why these actions should be pedagogically useful. This experiment examined students learning LISP programming with the assistance of a tutor. Tutoring sessions we audiotaped, allowing us to analyze every verbal utterance during the sessions and thereby identify the conversational events that led to pedagogical ... |
|
| Gender, Stress, & Coping in the U.S. Military. Volume 4. Training, Deployment and Contingency Stressors |
JAN 96 |
253 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Ursano; Loree K. Sutton; Carol S. Fullerton; Ann E. Norwood; S. A. Jackson; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
|
| This volume derives from discussions with national and international experts to increase the understanding of gender, stress, and coping in the U.S. military. It contains edited transcripts of round-table discussions with scientists from a broad range of backgrounds on topics pertaining to training, deployment, and contingency stressors. The presentations include observations and data from individuals with special expertise on the topic. Insight is provided into research hypotheses which have been ... |
|
| Practical Thinking: Innovation in Battle Command Instruction |
JAN 96 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Jon J. Fallesen; Rex R. Michel; James W. Lussier; Julia Pounds; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Instruction on practical thinking skills was developed and implemented in a Command and General Staff Officers Course on Battle Command. A cognitive skills approach was emphasized as opposed to the traditional procedural models used in other Army education Programs. The cognitive skills were identified from study of tactical planning and decision making, reviews of civilian cognitive skill Instruction programs, and the application of new models of naturalistic decision making. The ... |
|
| FRAME/WORK: Human Issues in Information Technology Implementation |
JAN 96 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Allen W. Batteau; WIZDOM SYSTEMS INC NAPERVILLE IL
|
| This report presents the results of 'FRAME/WORK, Human Issues in Information Technology'. The FRAME/WORK research investigated the cultural and contextual issues involved in the implementation of information technologies that create new forms of connectivity: e-mail, CAD, Electronic Data Interchange, workflow tools, shared databases, document imaging, and video teleconferencing. Based on this investigation, a readiness assessment tool was developed to assist SPO commanders and MIS support personnel in the implementation of ... |
|
| A 50-Year Prospective Study of the Psychological Sequelae of World War II Combat |
JAN 96 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly A. Lee; George E. Vaillant; William C. Torrey; Glen H. Elder Jr; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| The authors take advantage of a 50-year prospective study of World War II veterans to examine the predictors and correlates of combat exposure, posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and trait neuroticism (NEO). The subjects were 107 veterans who had been extensively studied before and immediately after serving overseas in World War II. All served as members of the study until the present time, and 91 filled out both questionnaires of ... |
|
| Pattern Recognition Training for Combat Leaders: Sample Training Package |
JAN 96 |
220 pages |
| Authors:
Carroll Thronesbery; B. D. Sullivan; Ron Rhoads; LB AND M ASSOCIATES INC LAWTON OK
|
| Lesson plans were developed to facilitate and increase pattern recognition for combat leaders. Following an overview of the pattern recognition approach to training, this report contains a demonstration package that illustrates implementation of the pattern recognition approach to training. An extensive set of storyboards offers instructional material covering enemy situation understanding from an elementary to an advanced level. It incorporates the development of key pattern concepts that are used in ... |
|
| The Effects of Lower Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Mechanical Score Requirements on the Number of Applicants Eligible for Training in Maintenance Occupations and the Percentage of Training Failures |
JAN 96 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
James R. Van Scotter; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This study investigated the impact of lowering the minimum Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Mechanical composite (MECH) scores required for recruits to enter maintenance career fields. The sample included (N=48,009) Air Force technical school trainees who attended school between 1990 and 1995. A contingency table showing the relationship between predictor scores and success/failure in technical school and logistic regression analyses suggested that required scores should be raised for five ... |
|
| Maximizing the Psychological Effects of Airpower: Lessons from Past Wars |
JAN 96 |
|
| Authors:
RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| The psychological effects of air operations can help shorten wars and reduce their costs, particularly in lives. In some conflict situations, these effects may in fact exceed the physical effects in importance. In Psychological Effects of U.S. Air Operations in Four Wars, 1941-1991: Lessons for U.S. Commanders, Stephen T. Hosmer focuses on two types of air operations: (1) those aimed at strategic targets and (2) those aimed at deployed forces; ... |
|
| Psychological Effects of U.S. Air Operations in Four Wars, 1941-1991. Lessons for U.S. Commanders |
96 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen T. Hosmer; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| This study suggests ways to maximize the psychological impact of U.S. airpower in future conflicts. It draws on enemy prisoner of war (POW) interrogations and other data from the Korean, Vietnam, and Persian Gulf wars to analyze the psychological effects of past U.S. air operations against both enemy strategic targets and deployed forces. Among other objectives, the study aims to identify (1) conditions that enhance or limit the psychological effects ... |
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Psychology
