| Cross-Cultural Skills for Deployed Air Force Personnel: Defining Cross-Cultural Performance |
Jan-2009 |
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| Authors:
Chaitra M Hardison; Carra S Sims; Farhana Ali; Andres Villamizar; Ben Mundell; Paul Howe; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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 | Air Force leadership recognizes that the cross-cultural performance of Air Force members now plays a greater role in mission success than ever before. The Air Force therefore asked RAND to assist in developing a comprehensive program for preparing members of the Air Force in cross-cultural skills. RAND researchers responded by first creating a taxonomy covering all behaviors relevant to cross-cultural performance after a review of the literature and discussions with ... |
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| Tackling Violent Crime: Findings from Regional Workshops with 12 Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships |
Jan-2009 |
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| Authors:
Emma Disley; Tom Ling; Jennifer Rubin; Matthew Wilkins; RAND EUROPE CAMBRIDGE (UNITED KINGDOM)
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| This report and the workshops on which it is based were commissioned by the United Kingdom's National Audit Office (NAO) to follow-up and further explore the findings of their earlier report Reducing the Risk of Violent Crime, which examined the Home Office's efforts to tackle violence. Much of the delivery of the Government's tackling violence agenda is undertaken by local Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships (CDRPs). These Partnerships are responsible ... |
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| An Embodied Model of Infant Gaze-Following |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Magdalena Bugajska; J G Trafton; Benjamin Fransen; Anthony M Harrison; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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 | We present an embodied model of gaze-following. The model learns how to follow another's gaze by using cognitively plausible mechanisms. It matches a classic gaze-following experiment (Corkum & Moore, 1998) and runs on an embodied robotic system. |
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| Prospective Assessment of Neuropsychological Functioning and Mood in US Army National Guard Personnel Deployed as Peacekeepers |
Jan-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Susan P Proctor; Kristin J Dos Heaton; Kathryn D Santos; Erik S Rosenman; Timothy Heeren; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY PERFORMANCE DIV
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| The study examined the impact of deployment on neuropsychological functioning and mood in Army National Guard personnel. We hypothesized that deployment on a peacekeeping mission, compared to non-deployment, would result in reduced proficiencies in neuropsychological performance and negative mood changes, and that such changes would relate to working in a high-strain job (high demands/low control), in accordance with Karasek's demand-control model. This prospective cohort study involved 119 male soldiers (67 ... |
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| Foundations of Effective Influence Operations: A Framework for Enhancing Army Capabilities |
Jan-2009 |
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| Authors:
Brian Nichiporuk; Amy Richardson; Cathryn Q Thurston; Lowell H Schwartz; Eric V Larson; Richard E Darilek; Daniel Gibran; RAND ARROYO CENTER SANTA MONICA CA
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| A good deal of attention presently is focused on how to improve the nation's capabilities to influence others. These capabilities include public diplomacy, strategic communications, information operations, and other means that can be used to influence attitudes, behaviors, and decisions--i.e., win hearts and minds--without resort to (or excessive reliance on) the use of force. As will be described, we use the term influence operations to describe such efforts, whether the ... |
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| Military Reenlistment and Deployment During the War on Terrorism |
Jan-2009 |
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| Authors:
Kate Giglio; RAND NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INST SANTA MONICA CA
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| In response to concerns about the ability of the military services to sustain required force levels, a RAND study examined deployment trends and developed a theoretical model to assess the effects of personal and work stress, bonus pay, and cumulative number of months of deployment on intention to reenlist and actual reenlistment rates. A review of recent literature and an analysis of survey and administrative data show that the amount ... |
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| Terahertz Backscattering Behavior of Various Absorbing Materials |
Jan-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
C Wu; A J Gatesman; L DeRoeck; T Horgan; R H Giles; W E Nixon; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV LOWELL SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE TECH LAB
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| The Submillimeter-Wave Technology Laboratory (STL) at the University of Massachusetts Lowell has investigated the electromagnetic scattering behavior of various broadband absorbers. Several absorbing materials were tested in a compact radar range operating at a center frequency of 160 GHz. The polarimetric radar cross section was measured at elevation angles from 15 to 75 . In addition to the backscattering behavior, the normal incidence transmittance of the materials was evaluated. |
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| Security without the United States? Europe's Perception of NATO |
Jan-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Klaus Naumann; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL
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| For nearly 60 years, Europe has benefited from America's willingness to view European security as part of its own and to extend the umbrella of extended nuclear deterrence over it. During the Cold War, it was the United States above all that prevented war in Europe, in particular in the form of a nuclear first strike, which the Soviet Union had planned. After the end of the Cold War, it ... |
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| The Army's Ethic Suffers Under Its Retired Generals |
Jan-2009 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Don M Snider; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| The recent New York Times article on how Barry McCaffrey handled his conflicting loyalties as a retired Army general, defense industry rain-maker, West Point professor, and respected public voice of CNN and NBC, highlights once again an unsolved and haunting problem for the current strategic leaders of the Army Profession. The problem is how to assist retired general officers in fulfilling their role of moral exemplars of the Profession just ... |
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| When Is Deterrence Necessary? Gauging Adversary Intent |
Jan-2009 |
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| Authors:
Schaub; Gary Jr; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
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| Deterrence has formed the core mission of the U.S. military since the Cold War era; however, a great deal of deterrence theory and planning derived from presumptions about adversary intent which were based on capabilities analysis with no consideration of what might happen if deterrence succeeded and the adversary's intent was frustrated. The DO-JOC rectified a basic problem in previous deterrence thinking by recognizing that an adversary has a choice ... |
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| Soldiers Under Threat: An Exploration of the Effect of Real Threat on Soldier's Perceptions, Attitudes and Morale |
Jan-2009 |
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| Authors:
van den; Cornelis E Berg; MINISTRY OF DEFENCE VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA)
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| Wars in the last decade of the 20th century and especially the 'new' wars of the first decade of this century have produced considerable casualties among NATO and UN soldiers. The website iCasualties.org (December 2008) shows that since March 2003, more than 4.500 coalition soldiers have died in Iraq, while over 1000 soldiers have died in Afghanistan since October 2001. Without a doubt, soldiers are aware of the life-threatening circumstances ... |
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| Creative Thinking for Individuals and Teams. An Essay on Creative Thinking for Military Professionals |
Jan 2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Charles D Allen; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| Leadership at all levels is involved with tackling existing problems and anticipating threats and opportunities that may emerge for the organization and the attainment of its goals. Rarely are those problems identical; many important issues facing strategic leaders require novel approaches. Consequently, solutions to tough problems require creativity and innovation from members of an organization if it is to adapt and thrive in a competitive landscape. The greater challenge for ... |
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| Intelligent Tutoring Methods for Optimizing Learning Outcomes with Embedded Training |
Jan 2009 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Randy Jensen; Jeffery Mosley; Mike Sanders; Jason Sims; STOTTLER HENKE ASSOCIATES INC SAN MATEO CA
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| The advancing state of the art in virtual and constructive computer based tools provides an opportunity to construct increasingly engaging embedded training. However, even with the benefits of training conducted while immersed in the operating environment and coupled with advanced simulation technology, if the key ingredient of tailored performance feedback is absent then learning outcomes may still be limited. This amounts to one of the central challenges for embedded training, ... |
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| An Integrative Approach to Understanding and Predicting the Consequences of Fatigue on Cognitive Performance |
Jan 2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn Gunzelmann; Kevin Gluck; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB MESA AZ HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
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| The deleterious consequences of fatigue have motivated decades of research to understand the impact of inadequate sleep on cognitive performance. A key objective is to use insights from that research to develop predictive models that can serve as valid tools for managing work-rest schedules and making Go, No-Go mission decisions. Ultimately, this is about maximizing human performance and minimizing risk. In this paper, we describe a methodology that is moving ... |
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| Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vigilance Performance |
Jan 2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Joel S Warm; Gerald Matthews; Raja Parasuraman; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH 711 HUMAN PERFORMANCE WING
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| Five studies are described using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine brain systems in vigilance. The results indicate that the vigilance decrement, the temporal decline that typifies vigilance performance, is paralleled by a decline in cerebral blood flow velocity as indexed by TCD. In addition, both measures showed greater activity in the right than in the left cerebral hemisphere in response to a variety of psychophysical ... |
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| Does Acute Maternal Stress in Pregnancy Affect Infant Health Outcomes? Examination of a Large Cohort of Infants Born After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 |
Jan 2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Skye M Endara; Margaret A Ryan; Carter J Sevick; Ava M Conlin; Caroline A Macera; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Background: Infants in utero during the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 may have been negatively affected by maternal stress. Studies to date have produced contradictory results. Methods: Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry and included up to 164,743 infants born to active-duty military families. Infants were considered exposed if they were in utero on September 11, 2001, ... |
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| The Influence of Pre-Deployment Neurocognitive Functioning on Post-Deployment PTSD Symptom Outcomes Among Iraq-Deployed Army Soldiers |
Jan 2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Brian P Marx; Susan Doron-Lamarca; Susan P Proctor; Jennifer J Vasterling; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
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| This study evaluated associations between pre-deployment neurocognitive performance and post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of deployed active duty Army Soldiers. As pan of a larger longitudinal study. each participant compelled baseline measures of memory. executive attention, and response inhibition. and baseline and post-deployment self-report measures of PTSD symptom severity. Data were subjected to multiple regression analyses that examined associations between baseline neurocognitive performances and longitudinal PTSD ... |
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| The Efficacy of 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' |
Jan 2009 |
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| Authors:
Om Prakash; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES
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| Though the epigraphs echo arguments made against homosexuals serving openly in the Armed Forces, they are the words of Senator Richard Russell of Georgia and General Omar Bradley in opposition to President Truman's 1948 executive order to racially integrate the U.S. military.1 The discourse has gone beyond what is best for the combat effectiveness of the military to become a vehicle for those seeking both to retract and expand homosexual ... |
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| Transition Workbook for Combat Veterans. Postdeployment User Guide |
Jan 2009 |
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| Authors:
Valerie A Stander; Heidi S Kraft; Linda Xiong; Gerald E Larson; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| For some time now, you have been on a mission. That mission has been the driving force in your life. It provided meaning and direction for you on a daily basis. Coming home and leaving that behind can be difficult. While you were away, there were probably people and things at home that you kept in mind, and they were meaningful to you as well. But now they need to ... |
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| Anger Expression and Psychophysiological Stress Responses in Military Men |
29-Dec-2008 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus K Taylor; Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi; Eric G Potterat; Amanda E Markham; Genieleah A Padilla; Nausheen Dial Momen; Michael D Ward; Katherine E Evans; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Little is known of individual differences governing human responses to realistic stress. In this study, the authors examined the relationships of anger experience and expression to psychophysiological stress indices during daily living and in response to military survival training in 45 healthy, male, active-duty Navy personnel. Prior to participation in survival training, participants completed self-report measures of perceived stress and anger. Also, salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were assessed ... |
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| Strategy for a Military Spiritual Self-Development Tool |
12-Dec-2008 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M Dini; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
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| At the U.S. Army's Command and General Staff College (USACGSC), students are charged with balancing their lives in terms of mind, body, and spirit. Though self-development tools are readily available to U.S. military leaders in the first two of these realms, they are not available in the third realm, that of the spirit. In The Clash of Civilizations, political scientist Samuel Huntington contends that future conflicts will arise among cultures ... |
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| A Content Analysis of Television Ads: Does Current Practice Maximize Cognitive Processing? |
11-Dec-2008 |
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| Authors:
Ky M De Ros; INDIANA UNIV AT BLOOMINGTON
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| Television advertising is a 67 billion dollar a year industry (McCann, 2008). To help evaluate whether or not advertising dollars are earning the best return on investment, it is important to know how effectively television ads capture and maintain audience attention and engage viewers. Television ads use varied designs to meet many goals including capturing attention, creating brand awareness or product knowledge, motivating consumer behavior, and remembering information. According to ... |
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| The Persian Complex: A Centuries-Old Quest for Respect. Political Cultural and Religious Antecedents of the Iranian Worldview |
04-Dec-2008 |
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| Authors:
Mary Ellen Connell; Julia V McQuaid; CENTER FOR NAVAL ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA
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| In September 2008, CNA convened several of the country's leading experts on Persian history and contemporary Iran for a workshop to examine some of the factors shaping Iranians' view of themselves and of the West. In Iran, the past is very much present-tangibly, in the pre-Islamic and Islamic monuments, which are among the world's cultural treasures, and metaphorically, in the collective consciousness. Workshop speakers first focused on two aspects of ... |
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| Reexamining the Crisis: Civil-Military Relations during the Clinton Administration |
01-Dec-2008 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
John A McLaughlin; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
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| Civil-military relations during President William J. Clinton's administration are often credited as being the least harmonious of any American president. It was frequently asserted that civil-military relations during the Clinton administration became so strained and mired in conflict that civilian control of the military had reached a point of crisis. These claims were frequently substantiated with allegations that the military had become increasingly alienated from the society that it was ... |
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| A Transgenic Model for Learning Defects: Role of NF1 in Drosophila Visual-Spatial Learning |
01-Dec-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Frances Hannan; NEW YORK MEDICAL COLL VALHALLA
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| Learning difficulties and attention deficits are observed in 40-50% of children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Additionally, many NF1 patients exhibit specific deficits in visuo-spatial tasks, such as the Judgment of Line Orientation task. Spatial learning is also disrupted in heterozygous mouse Nf1 mutants, and can be rescued by reducing Ras activity either genetically or pharmacologically. Conversely, olfactory learning defects observed in Nf1 mutant fruit flies are cAMP-dependent rather than ... |
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| Validation of Scales from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory in a Sample of Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans |
Dec-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
D S Vogt; S P Proctor; D W King; L A King; J J Vasterling; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY PERFORMANCE DIV
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| The Deployment Risk and Resiliency Inventory (DRRI) is a suite of scales that can be used to assess deployment-related factors implicated in the health and well-being of military veterans. Although initial evidence for the reliability and validity of DRRI scales based on Gulf War veteran samples is encouraging, evidence with respect to a more contemporary cohort of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans is not available. Therefore, the primary goal of ... |
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| A Measure of Search Efficiency in a Real World Search Task |
Dec-2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
J G Trafton; Melissa R Beck; Maura C Lohrenz; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE
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| In visual search, preattentive processes locate potential target regions and selective attention is directed to potential target locations. The current experiments examined the role of global visual clutter in participants' ability to deploy attention to target regions containing relatively more or less local clutter. Participants searched maps of high, medium, or low global clutter for a target in a high or low local clutter region. Global and local clutter influenced ... |
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| Augmented Cognition - Phase 4 Cognitive Assessment and Task Management (CAT-M) |
Dec-2008 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Bingham; Wilhelm E Kineses; DAIMLER-CHRYSLER CORP AUBURN HILLS MI
|
| Cognitive Assessment and Task Management (CAT-M) continued to focus on pushing the cutting edge of cognitive-based systems. The work conducted was a continuation of the Augmented Cognition Phase 4 program that has been successfully executed under the direction of the ONR. Initially, the Augmented Cognition program has focused on cognitive overload situations. Looking towards a complete solution for Augmented Cognition, another situation required the understanding of the concept of task ... |
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| Tactical Decision Making under Categorical Uncertainty with Applications to Modeling and Simulation |
Dec-2008 |
122 pages |
| Authors:
Kacey E Kemmerer; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The Network Centric Warfare approach to command and control emphasizes decentralized decision making. Consequently, decision makers must comprehend and evaluate information to determine the optimal course of action. This study examines how different categories of uncertainty (ambiguous/missing, conflicting, baseline) and individual differences affect response time in decision-making tasks. The researchers elicited real-world tactical scenarios from veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom in which uncertainty was present. Nine ... |
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| The Intelligence Requirements of Psychological Operations in Counterterrorism |
Dec-2008 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Mehmet F Dortbudak; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Terrorism is not a new phenomenon to the world, yet it remains difficult to define and to counter. Countering terrorism requires several measures that must be implemented at the same time. The counterterrorism strategies used by most countries are military in nature. However, counterterrorism strategies should also be economic, political, and social in nature. This study suggests that psychological operations can be used to counter terrorism by influencing individuals not ... |
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| Economic Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) |
Dec-2008 |
219 pages |
| Authors:
Kwan B Wah; Tan L Irene; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This thesis addresses the trend analysis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) prevalence across the different branches of armed services in the U.S military between FY2001 and FY2006, as well as the effects of deployment characteristics on the probability of being diagnosed with PTSD among the active duty service personnel in the different branches. On top of these, this study will also highlight the patterns of the comorbidity and treatment costs ... |
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| GSBPP Faculty Perceptions of Synchronous Distance Learning Technologies |
Dec-2008 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Inanc C Guremen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Distance Learning (DL) is a formal learning activity that occurs when students and instructors are separated by either time or geographical distance. Since the learning and teaching occur in different places, DL requires special course design and instructional techniques, as well as special communication techniques and organizational- administrative arrangements DL programs have various delivery methods using either asynchronous (email, Web, videotape) or synchronous (Video teleconferencing, Elluminate) communications technologies. There are ... |
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| Improving Product Performance Through New Equipment Training (NET) Techniques |
Dec-2008 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
Connie E Miles; Deirdre Townes; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The U.S. Military develops and fields infantry clothing and equipment (ICE) to protect ground warfighters against myriad environmental and man-made battlefield threats. ICE also augments physical activities to overcome identified battlefield deficiencies that will increase survivability, lethality, mobility and sustainability to improve combat effectiveness. More often than not, the maximum performance capabilities engineered into newly fielded ICE are not fully utilized to benefit the military user. We examine the ICE ... |
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| Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Version 4 (ANAM4): Examination of Select Psychometric Properties and Administration Procedures |
Dec-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Susan P Proctor; Kristin J Heaton; JACKSON (HENRY M) FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| The ability to accurately and efficiently monitor the neurocognitive status of U.S. warfighters under diverse operational and experimental conditions is of critical importance to the ongoing mission and network-centered initiatives of the United States military. The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) is a computer-assisted tool for evaluating neurocognitive performance with demonstrated effectiveness for application in diverse military operational and research testing scenarios. The primary objective of this multi-study project is ... |
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| Globalization and Its Impact on the Middle East |
Dec-2008 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Erhan Ozdemir; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Participation in globalization would greatly contribute to stable economic growth among Middle Eastern states. Globalization and its affect on economic development have profound importance both for the region's stability and the global economy. Middle Eastern countries should find a way to use globalization to their benefit. The challenge to globalization exists at the state level in the Middle East. Most countries in the region have accepted the principles of economic ... |
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| Analyzing Ukraine's Prospects for NATO Membership |
Dec-2008 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Derek W Young; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Since 1991, Ukraine has had a resume of achievements in its relations with NATO. However, at the 2008 Bucharest Summit, the NATO Allies chose not to offer Ukraine a Membership Action Plan. This thesis examines Ukraine's prospects for NATO membership, and investigates the hypothesis that Ukraine's membership aspirations are most affected by two sets of independent variables: internal and external. The two key internal variables that affect the prospects for ... |
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| Target Identification Support and Location Support Among Teams of Unmanned Systems Operators |
Dec-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Florian Jentsch; Thomas Fincannon; Joseph R Keebler; Evans; A W III; UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA ORLANDO
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| The research presented in this paper considers the impact of communication between multiple operators controlling multiple unmanned systems. First, communication between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operator and an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) operator was coded, to account for target identification support. Second, communication was coded to account for instances of a UAV operator providing location support to a UGV operator. Regression analyses revealed that performance only improved with high ... |
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| The Base Zone Protection Problem |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Lance Kaplan; Dinesh C Verma; Theodore Brown; Amotz B Noy; Andi Toce; Mark Nixon; IBM THOMAS J WATSON RESEARCH CENTER HAWTHORNE NY
|
| The base zone in combat operations refers to an area that is secured against intrusion and attacks from insurgents. During any type of military operation, the number of sensor assets that are available for detecting intrusions are limited. Thus, the size of a base zone is limited by the number of available sensors, and how those sensors are deployed. Depending on the assumptions made in modeling the coverage properties and ... |
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| Five Things You Should Know About Soldier - Robot Teaming |
Dec-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Florian Jentsch; Michael Barnes; Ellen Haas; Keryl Cosenzo; Jessie Y Chen; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| The Human Research and Engineering Directorate (HRED), U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and partner Tank and Automotive Research Development Command (TARDEC) embarked on a 5-year Army Technology Objective (ATO) research program that addressed human robot interaction (HRI) and teaming for both unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). The program's objective was to understand HRI issues in order to develop technologies and mitigations that enhance HRI performance in ... |
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| Clinical Results From the Virtual Iraq Exposure Therapy Application for PTSD |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Russell Shilling; Patrick Bordnick; Josh Spitalnick; Barbara Rothbaum; Mike Roy; Greg Gahm; Robert Deal; Karen Perlman; Scott Johnston; Robert McLay; Thomas Parsons; Greg Reger; Ken Graap; Jarrell Pair; Albert Rizzo; JoAnn Difede; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MARINA DEL REY CA INST FOR CREATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
|
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 5 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has ... |
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| An Investigation of Individual Variability in Brain Activity During Episodic Encoding and Retrieval |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
C L Donovan; M B Miller; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| The purpose of this study was to test the reliability of self-reported strategy measures for predicting differences in brain activity patterns during a learning and memory task and to compare their predictive value to other measures of cognitive processing and of anatomy. Fifty participants were scanned with functional MRI (fMRI) while they intentionally encoded lists of lowly imageable words and completed subsequent recognition memory tests. After scanning, subjects were asked ... |
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| Sleep and Performance Measures in Soldiers Undergoing Military Relevant Training |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
W D Killgore; A Estrada; R M Wildzunas; T J Balkin; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Inadequate sleep is known to impair a variety of cognitive capacities, including attention, vigilance, concentration. memory encoding, and some aspects of higher order reasoning and judgment. The ability to unobtrusively measure fatigue and predict its effects on cognitive performance is vital to successful military operations. Wrist actigraphy is one such method, but its ability to accurately measure and predict performance in militarily relevant activities is not well validated. Healthy military ... |
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| Paying Down the Sleep Debt: Realization of Benefits During Subsequent Sleep Restriction and Recovery |
Dec-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
T J Balkin; T L Rupp; N J Wesensten; P D Bliese; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD DIV OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSCIENCE
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| The study objective was to determine whether sleep extension (a) improves alertness and performance during subsequent sleep restriction and (b) mediates the rate at which alertness and performance are restored by post-restriction recovery sleep. Twenty-four healthy adult participants (ages 18-39) were randomly assigned to an Extended [10 hours time in bed (TIB)] or Habitual [mean (SD) = 7.09 (0.7)] sleep group for one week, followed by one Baseline (10 hours ... |
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| Immersive Simulation of Complex Social Environments |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
P Cummings; A L Leonard; ICF INTERNATIONAL INC FAIRFAX VA
|
| This paper describes the development of an immersive multi-agent training simulation system that applies culturally realistic and highly variable behavior modeling in complex and critical decision-oriented social scenarios patterned after actual critical incidents gathered from the field. The simulation employs an experiential model of cultural and cognitive behavior to drive the actions of agents (e.g., simulated members of the civilian population) that interact, producing variable group behavior. In the proposed ... |
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| Automating Convoy Training Assessment to Improve Soldier Performance |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Foltz; Noelle Lavoie; Mark Rosenstein; Rob Oberbreckling; Ralph Chatham; Joe Psotka; PARALLEL CONSULTING LONGMONT CO
|
| Monitoring teams of decision-makers in complex military environments requires effective tracking of individual Soldier and team performance. An untapped source of timely and diagnostic performance information lies in ongoing communications among Soldiers operating as a team. With the right analyses the communication data can be connected to both the team's and each individual's performance, abilities and knowledge. The DARCAAT program developed and tested a toolset for automating team assessment and ... |
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| Network Science and Crowd Behavior Metrics |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth Yagrich; Elizabeth Mezzacappa; Gordon Cooke; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ TARGET BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE LAB
|
| ARDEC's Target Behavioral Response Laboratory is currently conducting research on methods for crowd laboratory experiments, specifically crowd behavior metrics. Crowd metrics based on topological data were derived using motion capture methods. Sociometrics were based on coded videotaped communications. The preliminary results suggest that these crowd metrics, including those produced by network science methods, should be considered for further study. The results also suggest that crowd metrics, rather than only weapon ... |
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| Flight Test Success through Effective Mission Assurance Strategy |
19-Nov-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Larry Easterwood; MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY WASHINGTON DC
|
| An effective Mission Assurance Strategy must: 1) Influence program execution and behavior in order to achieve mission success 2) Require unfettered access to the highest organizational leadership, programs and supply chain 3) Be empowered and supported by the highest level of organizational authority 4) Hold program offices and contractor's accountable for practices impacting mission success. |
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| Critical Skills of Marine Corps Infantry Small Unit Leaders |
17-Nov-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey B Phillips; Richard D Arnold; Phillip M Mangos; Joshua A Isaacson; NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB PENSACOLA FL
|
| Emerging Marine Corps infantry concepts such as enhanced company operations (ECO) and distributed operations (DO) place increasing decision-making responsibilities on small unit leaders. In the future, it will become increasingly important to identify individuals with the required skill sets to perform these jobs. A comprehensive job-task analysis was performed to identify the most important skills, abilities, and other characteristics (SAOs) required for successful job performance of a representative small unit ... |
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| Navy Professional Reading Program: Results of the 2007 Survey |
Nov-2008 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Zannette A Uriell; J S Johnson; NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY MILLINGTON TN
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| In 2007, the Navy instituted the Navy Professional Reading Program (NPRP), designed to empower Sailors to grow professionally by improving critical thinking and stimulating discussion through professional reading. The program includes 60 books across 6 subject areas and 5 career states. Toward the end of the first year of implementation, a survey was conducted to look at reading habits of Navy personnel as well as opinions of the NPRP. Results ... |
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| Lessons of Abu Ghraib: Understanding and Preventing Prisoner Abuse in Military Operations |
Nov-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T Bartone; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
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| The abuse of prisoners by U.S. soldiers at Abu Ghraib had broad struggle consequences, leading many people around the world to question the legitimacy of U.S. goals and activities in Iraq. This paper draws on extensive unclassified reports from multiple investigations that followed Abu Ghraib and applies key psychological as well as social-situational perspectives to develop a better grasp of the causative factors. From a psychological standpoint, most young adults ... |
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Psychology
