| Pakistan's Nuclear Future: Reining in the Risk |
Dec 2009 |
298 pages |
| Authors:
Henry Sokolski; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
 | With any attempt to assess security threats, there is a natural tendency to focus first on the worst. Consider the most recent appraisals of Pakistan's nuclear program. Normally, the risk of war between Pakistan and India and possible nuclear escalation would be bad enough. Now, however, most American security experts are riveted on the frightening possibility of Pakistani nuclear weapons capabilities falling into the hands of terrorists intent on attacking ... |
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| Iran's Nuclear Program: An Assessment of the Threat to the United States |
Dec 2009 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Williams; David E Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis explores the threat, if any, posed to the United States by the Iranian nuclear program. Specifically, it addresses whether Iran's pursuit of nuclear technology is likely to represent a threat for homeland defense (direct use of nuclear weapons) or homeland security (indirect use of nuclear weapons through intermediaries). It begins with an overview of the cooperation and conflict between the U.S. and Iran on a number of issues, ... |
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| Iran's Nuclear Program: Status |
25 Nov 2009 |
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| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | Although Iran claims that its nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes, it has generated considerable concern that Tehran is pursuing a nuclear weapons program. Indeed, the UN Security Council has responded to Iran's refusal to suspend work on its uranium enrichment and heavy-water nuclear reactor programs by adopting several resolutions which imposed sanctions on Tehran. Despite this pressure, Iran continues to enrich uranium, install additional centrifuges, and conduct research ... |
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| Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations |
17-Nov-2009 |
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| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In 2002, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) began investigating allegations that Iran had conducted clandestine nuclear activities. Ultimately, the agency reported that some of these activities had violated Tehran's IAEA safeguards agreement. The IAEA has not stated definitively that Iran has pursued nuclear weapons, but has also not yet been able to conclude that the country's nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes. The IAEA Board of Governors referred ... |
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| Strategic Forum. Number 250, November 2009. North Korea: Challenges, Interests, and Policy |
Nov 2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
James J Przystup; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES
|
| North Korea poses two distinct but interrelated challenges. The first is external: the challenge posed by its nuclear weapons program and the threat of proliferation off the Korean Peninsula. The second is essentially but not wholly internal: the challenge posed by the pending transfer of power in Pyongyang and potential for instability as the process plays out. This complex reality underscores the need for balance and strategic patience if the ... |
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| Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues |
15-Oct-2009 |
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| Authors:
Mary B Nikitin; Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Pakistan's nuclear arsenal consists of approximately 60 nuclear warheads, although it could be larger. Islamabad is producing fissile material, adding to related production facilities, and deploying additional delivery vehicles. These steps will enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear. ... |
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| Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations |
01-Oct-2009 |
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| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In 2002, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) began investigating allegations that Iran had conducted clandestine nuclear activities. Ultimately, the agency reported that some of these activities had violated Tehran's IAEA safeguards agreement. The IAEA has not stated definitively that Iran has pursued nuclear weapons, but has also not yet been able to conclude that the country's nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes. The IAEA Board of Governors referred ... |
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| An Analysis of the Seismic Source Characteristics of Explosions in Low-Coupling Dry Porous Media |
30-Sep-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
John R Murphy; Brian W Barker; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The dependence of seismic source coupling of underground nuclear explosions on the characteristics of the Q explosion source medium is an important consideration in any assessment of nuclear test monitoring capability. In particular, while experience has indicated that normal depth explosions in almost all hardrock and water saturated emplacement media (i.e., good-coupling media) are roughly consistent with a single nib/yield relation for any fixed tectonic source region, explosions in dry, ... |
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| Estimating Bodywave Arrivals and Attenuation from Seismic Noise |
30 Sep 2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Gerstoft; Jian Zhang; Steven R Taylor; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
| This paper investigates the utility of computing Time-Domain Green's Functions (TDGF) to be used for estimating velocity and attenuation structure for the purposes of nuclear explosion monitoring over local and near-regional distances. We have focused on two topics: Earth's background vibrations at frequencies below about 0.5 Hz have been attributed to ocean-wave energy coupling into the ground and propagating as surface waves and P waves (compressional waves deep within the ... |
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| Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations |
17-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In 2002, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) began investigating allegations that Iran had conducted clandestine nuclear activities. Ultimately, the agency reported that some of these activities had violated Tehran's IAEA safeguards agreement. The IAEA has not stated definitively that Iran has pursued nuclear weapons, but has also not yet been able to conclude that the country's nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes. The IAEA Board of Governors referred ... |
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| Vertical Electromagnetic Pulse (VEMP) Testing |
11 Sep 2009 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
NUCLEAR EFFECTS DIRECTORATE WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This TOP provides methods for planning, providing instrumentation, and execution of testing of Army/DOD Materiel to determine the effects of Vertical Component High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (VHEMP) Environment on the safety and/or reliability of the DOD materiel and Commercial Infra-Structure. The content will include facilities, instrumentation setup, new testing procedures, actual environmental considerations, data recording and presentation of results, photos of recommended test equipment and test setups will be included ... |
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| Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) |
10-Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
Mary B Nikitin; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) was formed to increase international cooperation in interdicting shipments of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), their delivery systems, and related materials. The Initiative was announced by President Bush on May 31, 2003. PSI does not create a new legal framework but aims to use existing national authorities and international law to achieve its goals. Initially, 11 nations signed on to the Statement of Interdiction Principles ... |
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| China and Japan's Strategic Nuclear Relationship |
Sep-2009 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W LaBauve; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| While China and Japan individually have been the focus of tremendous study, until recently it was not necessary to compare their nuclear relationship. The advent of Japan's ballistic missile defenses has offered a unique twist on the traditional study between two nuclear powers. This thesis examines each country?s strategic situation in this new light and maintains that the same theories about strategic interaction still hold. Lawrence Freedman's theory of general ... |
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| NATO's Future Nuclear Dimension: Managing Expectations for the Strategic Concept Debate |
Sep 2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Ruhle; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA CENTER FOR CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT
|
| At NATO's 60th Anniversary Summit in April 2009, the Alliance's Heads of State and Government agreed that work should start on the development of a new Strategic Concept. The momentum for such a decision had been building up for quite some time. Over the past few years, NATO's growing number of operations and missions, and in particular its engagement in Afghanistan, have put strains both on the Allies' military capabilities ... |
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| Homeland Defense. Greater Focus on Analysis of Alternatives and Threats Needed to Improve DOD's Strategic Nuclear Weapons Security |
Sep 2009 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| A successful terrorist attack on a facility containing nuclear weapons could have devastating consequences. GAO was asked to compare the Department of Defense's (DOD) and Department of Energy's (DOE) efforts to protect the nation's nuclear weapons where they are stored, maintained, or transported. This report (1) compares the nuclear weapons security policies and procedures at DOD and DOE, and the extent to which cost-benefit analyses are required; (2) compares DOD ... |
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| An Extended Deterrence Regime to Counter Iranian Nuclear Weapons: Issues and Options |
Sep 2009 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Richard L Kugler; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
|
| This paper examines the idea of creating an American-led extended deterrence regime in the Middle East to address potential Iranian acquisition of nuclear weapons and missiles. It does not focus on how to prevent Iran from becoming a nuclear-armed power; instead, it addresses how the U.S. Government can act to deter Iran in a future setting where it already possesses these weapons and is trying to employ them to geopolitical ... |
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| Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons |
10-Aug-2009 |
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| Authors:
Amy F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Analysts have identified a number of issues with the continued deployment of U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons. These include questions about the safety and security of Russia's weapons and the possibility that some might be lost, stolen, or sold to another nation or group; questions about the role of these weapons in U.S. and Russian security policy, and the likelihood that either nation might use these weapons in a ... |
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| Detection of Nuclear Weapons and Materials: Science, Technologies, Observations |
04-Aug-2009 |
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| Authors:
Jonathan Medalia; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Detection of nuclear weapons and special nuclear material (SNM, certain types of uranium and plutonium) is crucial to thwarting nuclear proliferation and terrorism and to securing weapons and materials worldwide. Congress has funded a portfolio of detection R&D and acquisition programs, and has mandated inspection at foreign ports of all U.S.-bound cargo containers using two types of detection equipment. Nuclear weapons contain SNM, which produces unique or suspect signatures that ... |
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| Proceedings of the NATO Nuclear Human Response Subject Matter Expert Review Meeting, 23-25 June 2008, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America |
Aug 2009 |
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| Authors:
Julia K Burr; Carl A Curling; Deena S Disraelly; Preston J Lee; Terri J Walsh; Robert A Zirkle; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| In June 2008, NATO subject matter experts met in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America to discuss an approach to modeling human response and casualty estimation for incorporation into NATO Allied Medical Publication 8, NATO Planning Guide for the Estimation of CBRN Casualties. The purpose of this conference was to review the proposed human response model for estimating casualties resulting from exposure to nuclear effects, focusing in particular on ... |
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| Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance: U.S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union |
31 Jul 2009 |
|
| Authors:
Amy F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Congress passed the Nunn-Lugar amendment, authorizing U.S. threat reduction assistance to the former Soviet Union, in November 1991, after a failed coup in Moscow and the disintegration of the Soviet Union raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. The annual program has grown from $400 million in the DOD budget over $1 billion per year across three agencies - DOD, DOE, and the State Department. It ... |
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| China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues |
27-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Shirley A Kan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. Recipients of China's technology reportedly include Pakistan and countries that the State Department says support terrorism, such as Iran and North Korea. This CRS Report, updated as warranted, discusses the security ... |
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| The Reliable Replacement Warhead Program: Background and Current Developments |
27-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Jonathan Medalia; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Most current U.S. nuclear warheads were built in the 1970s and 1980s and are being retained longer than was planned. Yet they deteriorate and must be maintained. To correct problems, a Life Extension Program (LEP), part of a larger Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP), replaces components. Modifying some components would require a nuclear test, but the United States has observed a test moratorium since 1992. Congress and the Administration prefer to ... |
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| U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues |
14-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Army F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| During the Cold War, the U.S. nuclear arsenal contained many types of delivery vehicles for nuclear weapons. The longer range systems, which included long-range missiles based on U.S. territory, long-range missiles based on submarines, and heavy bombers that could threaten Soviet targets from their bases in the United States, are known as strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. At the end of the Cold War, in 1991, the United States deployed more ... |
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| Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2008 Symposium |
07 Jul 2009 |
172 pages |
| Authors:
Charles L Beames; Ann M Bisantz; Ronald L Boring; Xiaohu Gao; Stephanie Guerlain; Jeff Hrkach; Ali Javey; John D Lee; Joseph C Martz; Samir Mitragotri; Steven D Nixon; Mihrimah Ozkan; Daniel W Pack; Romig; A D Jr; Jeffrey J Welser; Nikolai Zhitenev; NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING WASHINGTON DC
|
| This volume includes 16 papers from the National Academy of Engineering's 2008 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering (USFOE) Symposium. USFOE meetings bring together 100 outstanding engineers (ages 30-45) to exchange information about leading-edge technologies in a range of engineering fields. The 2008 symposium covered four topic areas: drug delivery systems. emerging nanoelectronic devices, cognitive engineering, and countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The papers focus on cutting-edge developments. |
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| North Korea's Nuclear Weapons: Technical Issues |
01-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Mary B Nikitin; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| This report summarizes what is known from open sources about the North Korean nuclear weapons program-including weapons-usable fissile material and warhead estimates-and assesses current developments in achieving denuclearization. Beginning in late 2002, North Korea ended an eight-year freeze on its plutonium production program, expelled international inspectors, and restarted facilities. North Korea may have produced enough additional plutonium for five nuclear warheads between 2002 and 2007. In total, it is estimated ... |
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| Aligning Disarmament to Nuclear Dangers: Off to a Hasty START? (Strategic Forum, Number 244, July 2009) |
Jul-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
David A Cooper; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES
|
| Confronted by a daunting array of nuclear threats, and having pledged to reinvigorate the application of disarmament tools to address these dangers, the Obama administration has decided to focus its initial efforts on negotiating a new bilateral agreement with Russia to replace the Cold War-era Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), which expires at the end of this year. Critics have suggested that reviving the U.S.-Russian strategic disarmament agenda is at ... |
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| Proliferation Complexity: The Intersection of Policy, Operations, Media, Intelligence, and Science |
Jul 2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA CENTER FOR CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT
|
| From 7-9 July 2009, government officials, civilian analysts, military officers, academics, and security experts gathered at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School for the sixth annual Monterey Proliferation Seminar. The seminar addressed the topic of Proliferation Complexity: The Intersection of Policy, Operations, Media, Intelligence, and Science. The Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Advanced Systems and Concepts Office (DTRA-ASCO) sponsored the event, which was hosted by the Naval Postgraduate School's (NPS) Center for ... |
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| CTC Sentinel. Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2009 |
Jul 2009 |
|
| Authors:
MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NY COMBATING TERRORISM CENTER
|
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| Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues |
12-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Mary B Nikitin; Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Pakistan's nuclear arsenal consists of approximately 60 nuclear warheads. Pakistan continues fissile material production for weapons, and is adding to its weapons production facilities and delivery vehicles. Pakistan reportedly stores its warheads unassembled with the fissile core separate from non-nuclear explosives, and these are stored separately from their delivery vehicles. Pakistan does not have a stated nuclear policy, but its minimum credible deterrent is thought to be primarily a deterrent ... |
|
| The United Arab Emirates Nuclear Program and Proposed U.S. Nuclear Cooperation |
11-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Christopher M Blanchard; Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has embarked on a program to build civilian nuclear power plants and is seeking cooperation and technical assistance from the United States and others. During 2008 and early 2009, the Bush Administration and the UAE government negotiated and signed a memorandum of understanding and a proposed bilateral agreement on peaceful nuclear cooperation pursuant to Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act (AEA) of 1954. Then-U.S. ... |
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| Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Updated 'Safeguards' and Net Assessments |
03-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Jonathan Medalia; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Limitations on nuclear testing have been on the international agenda since 1954. The United States ratified one such treaty in 1963 and two in 1990 that together bar all but underground nuclear tests with an explosive yield of 150 kilotons or less. The United States has observed a unilateral moratorium on nuclear tests since 1992. In 1996, this nation signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which would ban all nuclear ... |
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| The Impact of the Type 094 Ballistic Missile Submarine on China's Nuclear Policy |
Jun-2009 |
124 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel Bell; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis examines the implication of China's near completion of a viable nuclear triad. The objective is to determine first, how this submarine will fit into China's no-first-use policy with regards to their nuclear weapons. And second, determine how advanced this weapon platform will be. With the introduction of multiple Type 094 Jin class ballistic missile submarines, has Beijing set the stage for a possible return to Cold War level ... |
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| Are We Prepared? Four WMD Crises That Could Transform U.S. Security |
Jun 2009 |
156 pages |
| Authors:
NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
|
| Since its inception in 1994, the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD Center) has been at the forefront of research on the implications of weapons of mass destruction for U.S. security. Originally focusing on threats to the military, the WMD Center now also applies its expertise and body of research to the challenges of homeland security. The center's mandate includes research, education, and outreach. Research focuses ... |
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| A P-5 Nuclear Dialogue: Concept, Building Blocks, and Implementation |
Jun 2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Paul I Bernstein; Lewis A Dunn; David W Hamon; DEFENSE THREAT REDUCTION AGENCY FORT BELVOIR VA ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS OFFICE
|
| In April, 2009, President Barack Obama affirmed America's intention to seek the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons and stated his intention to organize a Global Summit on Nuclear Security within the coming year. Less than a month earlier, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown called on the five nuclear-weapon states recognized by the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT), or the so-called P-5 countries, to play a leadership ... |
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| North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Development and Diplomacy |
27-May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Larry A Niksch; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Since August 2003, negotiations over North Korea's nuclear weapons programs have involved six governments: the United States, North Korea, China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia. Since the talks began, North Korea has operated nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and apparently has produced weapons-grade plutonium estimated as sufficient for five to eight atomic weapons. North Korea tested a plutonium nuclear device in October 2006. U.S. officials have cited evidence that North Korea ... |
|
| China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues |
26-May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Shirley A Kan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. Recipients of China's technology reportedly include Pakistan and countries that the State Department says support terrorism, such as Iran and North Korea. This CRS Report, updated as warranted, discusses the security ... |
|
| Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues |
15-May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; Mary B Nikitin; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Pakistan's nuclear arsenal consists of approximately 60 nuclear warheads. Pakistan continues fissile material production for weapons, and is adding to its weapons production facilities and delivery vehicles. Pakistan reportedly stores its warheads unassembled with the fissile core separate from non-nuclear explosives, and these are stored separately from their delivery vehicles. Pakistan does not have a stated nuclear policy, but its minimum credible deterrent is thought to be primarily a deterrent ... |
|
| The Proliferation Security Initiative: A Means to an End for the Operational Commander |
04-May-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Curtis G Larson; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) proliferation is a serious threat to the security of the United States and the world. For the operational commander supporting national strategy the interdiction of WMD materials is a complex mission that requires the capability to exchange timely information with coalition nations as well as conduct multi-national operations with partners with differing constraints and capacities. Current doctrine does not provide the operational commander the fundamental ... |
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| De-Alerting Our Nuclear Forces, an Issue of Risk |
May 2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J Pedersen; AIR FORCE FELLOWS PROGRAM MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| Almost since their inception (some could argue even before that), there has been great discourse about the abolishment of nuclear weapons. From President Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace address to the United Nations in 1953, where he pledged America's determination to help solve the fearful atomic dilemma, to the inherent goal of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) which provides that states that do possess them agree to divest themselves of these weapons ... |
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| The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy |
20-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The UAE's open economy and society have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East, but lax export controls, particularly in the emirate of Dubai, are causing U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology, terrorist transiting, and human trafficking. These concerns -- as well as concerns about the UAE oversight and management of a complex and technically advanced initiative such as a nuclear power program -- underscore ... |
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| U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues |
09-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Amy F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| During the Cold War, the U.S. nuclear arsenal contained many types of delivery vehicles for nuclear weapons. The longer range systems, which included long-range missiles based on U.S. territory, long-range missiles based on submarines, and heavy bombers that could threaten Soviet targets from their bases in the United States, are known as strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. At the end of the Cold War, in 1991, the United States deployed more ... |
|
| Strategic Arms Control After START: Issues and Options |
03-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Amy F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United States and Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in 1991; it entered into force in December 1994 and is due to expire in December 2009. The United States and Russia have held several meetings to discuss options for continuing their arms control relationship, but have not agreed on whether to extend START or how to replace it. In 2008, the Bush Administration agreed to conclude a ... |
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| Rogue States and Deterrence Strategy |
02-Apr-2009 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Scott A Enold; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| To effectively engage rogue states who have proliferated nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction or are attempting to proliferate them, the United States must develop and implement an effective policy designed to persuade, pursue and punish those governments and regimes. The United States government must possess extreme tactics and measures. Preemptive targeting must be available if rogue states or actors utilize nuclear terror tactics to seek political gains or ... |
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| Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues |
01-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; Mary B Nikitin; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Pakistan's nuclear arsenal consists of approximately 60 nuclear warheads. Pakistan continues fissile material production for weapons, and is adding to its weapons production facilities and delivery vehicles. Pakistan reportedly stores its warheads unassembled with the fissile core separate from non-nuclear explosives, and these are stored separately from their delivery vehicles. Pakistan does not have a stated nuclear policy, but its minimum credible deterrent is thought to be primarily a deterrent ... |
|
| An Argument and Strategy for Bilateral Talks Between The United States and The Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
Apr 2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Michael C Guischard; AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| This paper analyzes the problem of a nuclear DPRK from a grand strategy level. The technical and scientific aspects of a nuclear settlement are avoided. Existing material on this issue is abundant and a concerted effort was made to study both Eastern and Western research sources. From this analysis flows certain conclusions about a diplomatic solution between the DPRK and the United States. The paper's conclusions and recommendations were intentionally ... |
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| U.S. Strategy for Iran Following its Achievement of Nuclear Weapon Capability |
Apr 2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus K Glenn; AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| Written from the perspective that Iran has already obtained a nuclear weapon capability, this research paper addresses three questions with respect to Iran. Why does the Iranian leadership behave the way it does? What does Iran perceive it will gain with its nuclear weapons? And finally, how should the U.S. respond? Answers to the first two questions are based on observed historical events that build a basic understanding of the ... |
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| Toward a New New Triad |
Apr 2009 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Heidi A Paulson; AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| The 2009 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) is underway, providing the new administration with an opportunity to thoroughly examine the nuclear deterrence role in national security. A healthy understanding of the historical role of nuclear deterrence coupled with the examination of the last two NPRs reveals the necessity to revise the Department of Defenses New Triad. This New Triad, introduced formally in the 2001 NPR, shifts the deterrence emphasis away from ... |
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| The Credibility of America's Extended Nuclear Deterrent: The Case of the Republic of Turkey |
Apr 2009 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
William G Eldridge; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| In 2009 the United States completed an 80% reduction of its operationally deployed strategic nuclear weapons from Cold War highs. Since 1991, the United States also reduced its non-strategic nuclear weapons by over 90%. Additionally, the United States removed much of its nuclear arsenal from alert status and continues to drawdown its nuclear weapons stockpiles. However, nuclear weapons may still play an important role in deterring an adversary attack against ... |
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| North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Development and Diplomacy |
30-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Larry A Niksch; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Since August 2003, negotiations over North Korea's nuclear weapons programs have involved six governments: the United States, North Korea, China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia. Since the talks began, North Korea has operated nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and apparently has produced weapons-grade plutonium. Various estimates place North Korea's plutonium production at between 30 and 50 kilograms, enough for five to eight atomic weapons. After North Korea tested a nuclear device ... |
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| A Nuclear Energy Renaissance: Challenges to Nuclear Weapon Nonproliferation |
30-Mar-2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
David A LaGraffe; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The potential for explosive growth in the world's utilization of nuclear energy is looming on the horizon. Energy security and environmental concerns about burning fossil fuels are driving what could be the biggest expansion in nuclear power since the 1960s. This significant expansion, while beneficial to the world's nations, carries the risk of a rapid expansion in the number of nuclear weapons-capable nations. This is a real threat to future ... |
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Nuclear Weapons
