| Efficacy of Armodafinil for Maintaining Vigilance Among Navy Air Traffic Controllers Eight to Twelve Hours Post-Dose |
12-Apr-2009 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Rita G Simmons; Jeffrey B Phillips; Richard D Arnold; Melissa Stompolis; NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB PENSACOLA FL
|
 | This study is designed to measure the efficacy of armodafinil as a fatigue countermeasure during military air traffic control (ATC) operations. ATC operations require extended periods of sustained attention without room for error. Military ATC crews accommodate shift schedules unique to demands of military operations which often exceed FAA regulations. Armodafinil, a slow-release form of modafinil, improves wakefulness and alertness without affecting normal sleep patterns making it an ideal fatigue ... |
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| JVIEW Visualization for Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation |
Apr-2009 |
134 pages |
| Authors:
Aaron McVay; Daniel Krisher; Patrick Fisher; CACI TECHNOLOGIES INC ROME NY
|
| This Final Technical Report discusses the accomplishments of an effort to support NASA and FAA goals for visualization of the National Airspace System (NAS) to aid in the analysis of proposed changes in order to increase its capacity to meet future needs. CACI developed a new application using JView technology called the Airspace Concept Evaluation System (ACES) Viewer. The ACES Viewer is an information visualization tool designed to provide visual ... |
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| Vision-Aided, Cooperative Navigation for Multiple Unmanned Vehicles |
Mar-2009 |
210 pages |
| Authors:
Jason K Bingham; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The motivation of this research is to exploit three attributes of increased unmanned vehicle use for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions. These attributes are increased numbers of unmanned vehicles, on-board vision, and wireless communications. The research begins with the development of a cooperative navigation system based on the measurement of vehicle position relative to shared landmark position estimates. Each vehicle in the network locates landmarks using it's on-board vision system ... |
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| Logistic Regression Analysis of Operational Errors and Routine Operations Using Sector Characteristics |
Feb-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Elaine M Pfleiderer; Cheryl L Scroggins; Carol A Manning; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Two separate logistic regression analyses were conducted for low- and high-altitude sectors to determine whether a set of dynamic sector characteristics variables could reliably discriminate between operational error (OE) and routine operation (RO) traffic samples. OE data were derived from SATORI re-creations of OEs occurring at the Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center between 9/17/2001 and 12/10/2003. RO data were extracted from System Analysis Recordings (SARs) taped between 5/8/2003 and ... |
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| The Outcome of ATC Message Length and Complexity on En Route Pilot Readback Performance |
Jan-2009 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
O V Prinzo; A M Hendrix; R Hendrix; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Field data and laboratory studies conducted in the 1990s reported the rate of pilot readback errors and communication problems increased as controller transmissions became more complex. This resulted in the recommendation that controllers send shorter messages to reduce the memory load imposed on pilots by complex messages. More than 10 yrs have passed since a comprehensive analysis quantified the types and frequency of readback errors and communication problems that occurred ... |
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| Pilot English Language Proficiency and the Prevalence of Communication Problems at Five U.S. Air Route Traffic Control Centers |
01-Oct-2008 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Ruby Hendrix; O V Prinzo; Alfred M Hendrix; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Air traffic control (ATC) voice communication is built upon a readback-hearback loop: Controllers send messages to pilots who listen and then recite back their contents. Successful communication requires participants to conduct and understand ATC radiotelephony in the same language. Since inadequate language proficiency was involved in some aviation accidents, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is requiring its contracting states to ensure that ATC personnel and flight crews are proficient ... |
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| Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) for Flight Testing (Global Positioning System Differentiel (DGPS) pour les Essais en vol) |
Oct-2008 |
182 pages |
| Authors:
Roberto Sabatini; Giovanni B Palmerini; ITALIAN AIR FORCE POMEZIA (ITALY)
|
| In this volume, the potential of Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) as a positioning datum for flight test applications is thoroughly discussed. Current technology status and future trends are investigated to identify optimal system architectures for both the on-board and ground station components, and to define optimal strategies for DGPS data gathering during various flight testing tasks. Limitations of DGPS techniques are analyzed, and various possible integration schemes with other ... |
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| Optimizing Terminal Conditions Using Geometric Guidance for Low-Control Authority Munitions |
01-Jun-2008 |
122 pages |
| Authors:
Paul C Tisa; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
|
| Small munition effectiveness is a function of miss distance from the target and ability to achieve a steep flight path angle at the target. Many small guided munitions have limited control authority to achieve these competing objectives due to system hardware tradeoffs. This thesis develops guidance algorithm modifications that demonstrate consistent improvement in achieving these objectives over previously used methods with changes only to the flight software and not the ... |
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| Modeling Airport Ground Operations using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) and X3D Visualization |
01-Mar-2008 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Nabil Ouerghi; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Almost all flight simulators are centered on the problems that can occur during flight, whereas airport ground traffic problems are seldom addressed and are growing considerably. A number of precautions have been directed by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to overcome these challenges, such as pilot training and adding taxiway indicator signals to help pilots follow specific paths when taxiing. Further work is needed. This thesis simulates the problem ... |
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| Collision Avoidance for UAVs Using Optic Flow Measurement With Line of Sight Rate Equalization and Looming |
01-Mar-2008 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Paul J Shelnutt; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| A series of simplified scenarios is investigated whereby an optical flow - balancing guidance law is used to avoid obstacles by steering an air vehicle between fixed objects/obstacles. These obstacles are registered as specific points that can be representative of features in a scene. The obstacles appear in the field of view of a single forward looking camera. First a 2-D analysis is presented where the rate of the line ... |
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| Use of Traffic Displays for General Aviation Approach Spacing: A Human Factors Study |
DEC 2007 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
E. Nadler; A. Yost; A. Kendra; JOHN A VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER CAMBRIDGE MA
|
| A flight experiment was conducted to assess human factors issues associated with pilot use of traffic displays for approach spacing. Sixteen multi-engine rated pilots participated. Eight flew approaches in a twin-engine Piper Aztec originating in Sanford, ME, and eight flew approaches in the same aircraft originating in Atlantic City, NJ. The spacing target was a Cessna 206. The traffic display was either a Garmin International MX-20 (the "Basic" Cockpit Display ... |
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| Force Protection via UGV-UAV Collaboration: Development of Control Law for Vision Based Target Tracking on SUAV |
DEC 2007 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
Lee S. Liang; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Naval Postgraduate School UAV Laboratory developed a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SUAV) equipped with a Vision Based Target Tracking (VBTT) system as part of its Tactical Network Topology field experimentation program. The VBTT system includes a miniaturized gimbaled camera that allows autonomous target tracking while providing concurrent estimates of target motion including its position velocity and heading. Using the current control law the speed of convergence and the range-holding ... |
|
| Satellite Navigation Backup Study |
19-Sep-2007 |
179 pages |
| Authors:
ITT ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES HERNDON VA
|
| The Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) manages a unique public/private partnership in developing a sweeping vision that will guide the evolution of the National Air Space (NAS) to meet the needs of the 21st century. This initiative, called the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), will bring transformation to the U.S. air transportation system by 2025. A key capability for transforming the NAS is satellite-based navigation (SatNav). Modernization plans ... |
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| Information Complexity in Air Traffic Control Displays |
SEP 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Xing Jing; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| Air traffic controllers typically use visual displays to interact with various automation systems. Automation tools are intended to reduce controller task load, but they may also create new tasks associated with acquiring, integrating, and utilizing information from displays. Consequently, the complexity of information displayed may reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of an automation system. Moreover, complexity could cause controllers to miss or misinterpret visual data, thereby reducing safety. Thus, information ... |
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| Collaborative Autonomous Unmanned Aerial - Ground Vehicle Systems for Field Operations |
31-Aug-2007 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Kimon P Valavanis; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA
|
| A heterogeneous UAV-UGV system with adaptable operational procedures/protocols for asset coordination, cooperation, decision-making, efficient communication and processing between its assets, meeting mission objectives is modeled and evaluated experimentally, by simulation and using prototype systems. The research has resulted in i) Development of a processing system for UGVs/UAVs that incorporate an on-board processing vision systems using low cost and highly adaptable motherboards meeting strict payload capabilities of miniature aerial vehicles and ... |
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| Investigating the Use of Color in Timeline Displays |
AUG 2007 |
|
| Authors:
M. L. Cummings; C. Tsonis; J. Xing; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
 | The use of color-coding in human supervisory control displays such as those found in air traffic control is a design intervention meant to mitigate task complexity and reduce mental workload. Color has been shown to aid operators in search and organization tasks; however, it can also cause cognitive tunneling and add to task complexity. This paper details the results from an experiment designed to evaluate increasing color categories in an ... |
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| On-Line Trajectory Optimization for Autonomous Air Vehicles |
31-Jul-2007 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony Calise; Eric Johnson; Shannon Twigg; Tobias Ries; Bong-Jun Yang; J E Corban; GUIDED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES MCDONOUGH GA
|
| Successful operation of next-generation unmanned air vehicles will demand a high level of autonomy. Autonomous low-level operation in a complex environment dictates a need for onboard, robust, reliable and efficient trajectory optimization. In this report, we develop and demonstrate an innovative combination of traditional analytical and numerical solution procedures to produce efficient, robust and reliable means for nonlinear flight path optimization in the presence of time-varying obstacles and threats. The ... |
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| Prediction and Classification of Operational Errors and Routine Operations Using Sector Characteristics Variables |
JUL 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Elaine M. Pfleiderer; Carol A. Manning; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| This study examined prediction and classification of operational errors (OEs) and routine operations (ROs) using sector characteristics variables. Average Control Duration, Aircraft Mix Index, Average Lateral Distance, Average Vertical Distance, Number of Handoffs, Number of Point Outs, Number of Transitioning Aircraft, and Number of Heading Changes were used as predictors in two stepwise logistic regression analyses conducted for the high-altitude and low-altitude sectors. In the high-altitude sample, variables included in ... |
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| Use of Agent-Based Modeling in Selecting a Homeland Sensor Network System Concept |
01-Jun-2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Lee; Lee Adler; Ashby Hall; Alvin Murphy; Alan Thomas; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN VA
|
| This briefing looks at proposed options for dealing with DoD surveillance capability gaps that currently exist in the continental US (CONUS) through an integration of military and civilian sensors. The scope of this analysis is constrained to Northeast US. |
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| Development of Cursor-on-Target Control for Semi-Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems |
JUN 2007 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua D. Crouse; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The research presented in this thesis focuses on developing, demonstrating, and evaluating the concept of a Cursor-on-Target control system for semi-autonomous unmanned aircraft systems. The Department of Defense has mapped out a strategy in which unmanned aircraft systems will increasingly replace piloted aircraft. During most phases of flight autonomous unmanned aircraft control reduces operator workload, however, real-time information exchange often requires an operator to relay decision changes to the unmanned ... |
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| Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS) Positioning Capability |
JUN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Gary Fielke; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) ELECTRONIC WARFARE AND RADAR DIVISION
|
| The Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS) is a network of wireless tactical radios that distributes digital data between many mobile users. In addition, EPLRS has a position reporting capability allowing mobile users to determine their position based on time difference of arrival measurements from multiple reference radio units. EPLRS has the potential to be used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as a navigation system backup to GPS. This report details ... |
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| Hover, Transition, and Level Flight Control Design for a Single-Propeller Indoor Airplane |
14-May-2007 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
DANIEL LEVINE; Mario Valenti; Jonathan P How; Adrian Frank; James McGrew; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
|
| This paper presents vehicle models and test flight results for an autonomous fixed-wing airplane that is designed to take-off, hover, transition to and from level-flight modes, and perch on a vertical landing platform in a highly space constrained environment. By enabling a fixed-wing UAV to achieve these feats, the speed and range of a fixed-wing aircraft in level flight are complimented by hover capabilities that were typically limited to rotorcraft. ... |
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| Developing the Federal Aviation Administration's Requirements for Color Use in Air Traffic Control Displays |
MAY 2007 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Jing Xing; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| This report describes the materials we developed for the Federal Aviation Administration's requirements for color use in Air Traffic Control (ATC) displays. While many color use guidelines and the Federal Aviation Administration's Human Factors Design Standard (HF-STD-001) provide general information about how to choose color schemes in visual displays, the purpose of this document is for developers of ATC technologies and human factors practitioners to evaluate the use of color ... |
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| Relationship of Complexity Factor Ratings With Operational Errors |
MAY 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Elaine M. Pfleiderer; Carol A. Manning; Scott M. Goldman; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| This study is an examination of the extent to which objective static sector characteristics and controller ratings of static and dynamic sector complexity factors contributed to the occurrence of operational errors (OEs) at the Indianapolis air route traffic control center (ZID). A multiple regression model of the relationship between a combination of static sector characteristics (sector altitude strata and sector size) resulted in a modest prediction of the variance in ... |
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| All Source Adaptive Fusion for Aided Navigation in Non-GPS Environment |
APR 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Timothy J. Klausutis; Ric Wehling; Matthew Lames; Omar Aboutalib; Bruce Awalt; Alex Fund; Bea Thai; Jeremy Leibs; NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP EL SEGUNDO CA INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
|
| An innovative approach for navigation in non-GPS environment is presented based on all source adaptive fusion of any available information encompassing passive imaging data, digital elevation terrain data, IMU/GPS, altimeters, and star tracker. The approach provides continuous navigation through non-GPS environment and yields an improved navigation in the presence of GPS. The approach also provides reduced target location error and moving target indication. |
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| Predicting Subjective Workload Ratings: A Comparison and Synthesis of Operational and Theoretical Models |
MAR 2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jerry Crutchfield; Craig Rosenberg; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Output from a computer simulation of two air traffic control (ATC) scenarios was fit to workload ratings that ATC subject-matter experts provided while observing each scenario in real time. Simulation output enabled regression analyses that tested the assumptions of a variety of workload prediction models. These included both operational models that use observable situational and behavioral variables (e.g., number of aircraft and communications by type) and theoretical models that use ... |
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| Probability Modeling of Multi-Type Autonomous Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles Engaging Non-Homogeneous Targets Under Imperfect Information |
MAR 2007 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Themistoklis Papadopoulos; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| UCAVs are advanced weapon systems that can loiter autonomously in a pack over a target area, detect and acquire the targets, and then attack them. Modeling these capabilities in a specific hostile operational setting is necessary for addressing weapons design and operational issues. While much attention has been given to the engineering and technological aspects of UCAV developments, there are very few studies on operational concepts for these weapon systems ... |
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| Helmet Tracker Requirements and Measurement Verification |
FEB 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Gary Martinsen; Judson Shattuck; Jeffrey Craig; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| A helmet tracker is a critical element in the path that delivers targeting and other sensor data to the user of a helmet-mounted display (HMD) in a military aircraft. This paper reviews helmet tracker technology with respect to use in military aviation. The human factors limitations of helmet tracker systems for delivering both targeting and flight reference information to a military pilot are also discussed. This paper also presents data ... |
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| Two-Dimensional Stochastic Projections for Tight Integration of Optical and Inertial Sensors for Navigation |
2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Mike Veth; John Raquet; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Aircraft navigation information (position, velocity, and attitude) can be determined using optical measurements from imaging sensors combined with an inertial navigation system. This can be accomplished by tracking the locations of optical features in multiple images and using the resulting geometry to estimate and remove inertial errors. A critical factor governing the performance of optical inertial navigation systems is the robustness of the feature tracking algorithm. Robust feature tracking research ... |
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| Fusion of Low-Cost Imaging and Inertial Sensors for Navigation |
2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Mike Veth; John Raquet; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Aircraft navigation information (position, velocity, and attitude) can be determined using optical measurements from imaging sensors combined with an inertial navigation system. This can be accomplished by tracking the locations of optical features in multiple images and using the resulting geometry to estimate and remove inertial errors. A critical factor governing the performance of image-aided inertial navigation systems is the robustness of the feature tracking algorithm. Previous research has shown ... |
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| Alignment and Calibration of Optical and Inertial Sensors Using Stellar Observations |
2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Mike Veth; John Raquet; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Aircraft navigation information (position, velocity, and attitude) can be determined using optical measurements from an imaging sensor pointed toward the ground combined with an inertial navigation system. A critical factor governing the level of accuracy achievable in such a system is the alignment and calibration of the sensors. Currently, alignment accuracy is limited by machining and mounting tolerances for low-cost applications. In this paper, a novel alignment and calibration method ... |
|
| Correspondence Search Mitigation Using Feature Space Anti-Aliasing |
2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Mike Veth; Meir Pachter; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| Image-aided navigation techniques can determine the navigation solution (position, velocity, and attitude) by observing a sequence of images from an optical sensor over time. This operation is based on tracking the location of stationary objects in multiple images, which requires solving the correspondence problem. This is an active area of research and many algorithms exist which attempt to solve this problem by identifying a unique feature in one image and ... |
|
| The Outcome of ATC Message Complexity on Pilot Readback Performance |
NOV 2006 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
O. V. Prinzo; Alfred M. Hendrix; Ruby Hendrix; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Field data and laboratory studies conducted in the 1990s reported that the rate of pilot readback errors and communication problems increased as controller transmissions became more complex. This resulted in the recommendation that controllers send shorter messages to reduce the memory load imposed on pilots by complex messages. More than 10 years have passed since a comprehensive analysis quantified the types and frequency of readback errors and communication problems that ... |
|
| Flight Display Integration |
OCT 2006 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Guy A. French; Darrel G. Hopper; John M. Reising; Michael P. Snow; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| This report begins with a discussion of the analysis of the human and display factors relevant to synthetic vision in a military cockpit environment. It then describes the results of studies examining the impact of synthetic vision displays on pilot situation awareness and workload. Concluding remarks on additional factors affecting the use of synthetic vision and a future concept for its implementation are described. |
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| A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs |
SEP 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Johnny H. Evers; Murray B. Anderson; Juan L. Lopez; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EGLIN AFB FL MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE
|
| In considering the problem of small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) surveillance mission in a target rich environment, it is desirable to follow a trajectory path that maximizes targets coverage and observation time, while minimizing airframe maneuvering. Motivated by this requirement, this paper investigates the merits of multiple vehicle trajectory path schemes. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and local optimum techniques are compared to a more conventional defined-path approach. The authors also introduce ... |
|
| Environmental Assessment - Construct a Ground-to-Air Transmitter and Receiver (GATR) Facility at Grand Forks Air Force Base |
06 JUN 2006 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
319 CIVIL ENGINEER SQUADRON GRAND FORKS AFB ND
|
| The United States Air Force (USAF) proposes to construct a Ground-to-Air Transmitter and Receiver (GATR) facility on Grand Forks Air Force Base (AFB), North Dakota. The Communication Squadron is preparing to install new GATR communication antennas and systems, for tactical aircraft control and commercial air traffic control. The antennas are used to provide quick deployment and high-bandwidth communications in remote, hard-to-reach areas. These systems allow operators in central locations to ... |
|
| Safety Analysis of TCAS on Global Hawk Using Airspace Encounter Models |
JUN 2006 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas B. Billingsley; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
|
| This work is sponsored by the Air Force under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Air Force's RQ-4 Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a high altitude, long endurance aircraft used for surveillance and reconnaissance. Because ... |
|
| Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft |
JUN 2006 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew P. Crawford; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| With much of the military and civilian communities becoming dependent on GPS technology to navigate it has become imperative that the navigation systems be tested in situations in which GPS does not work. This testing is especially necessary for precise tasks such as landing an aircraft. Currently, research is being conducted into using a pseudolite-based reference system to use as a truth model for the GPS jamming test. Pseudolite systems ... |
|
| A Teamwork-Oriented Air Traffic Control Simulator |
JUN 2006 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Mounir Sidhom; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a complicated domain in which many specialists should collaborate and communicate with each other in order to guarantee safe and efficient air traffic. A significant number of air traffic control errors are associated with either faulty coordination between ATC actors, or a failure of some kind of team coordination. These errors are likely to increase in the future as aircraft density increases. Many researchers suggest ... |
|
| Color and Visual Factors in ATC Displays |
JUN 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Jing Xing; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Computer displays are one of the major sources of information for air traffic controllers to control traffic. Because the existing display technologies make it so easy to render color on computer monitors, color is being extensively used in air traffic control (ATC) displays. At present, the Federal Aviation Administration has no requirement for how color should be used in ATC displays. While the advantages of color may be apparent, many ... |
|
| Effective USAF Air Traffic Control to Support Proposed Phase IV Operations |
16 MAY 2006 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Michael P. Hughes; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| In order to properly support the Joint Force Commander (JFC) and Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC) following major combat operations involving regime change, clear and effective doctrinal guidance must be established to support USAF Air Traffic Control (ATC) operations in Phase IV. ATC and associated airspace issues involve many detailed and time consuming issues that must be properly coordinated with both domestic and international aviation agencies in order to ... |
|
| Reexamination of Color Vision Standards, Part 3: Analysis of the Effects of Color Vision Deficiencies in Using ATC Displays |
MAY 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Jing Xing; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| This report assesses the effect of color use in air traffic control (ATC) displays for users who have color vision deficiencies, denoted as color deficient (CD). Color is extensively used in many ATC displays, yet the color vision standard used by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) allows certain types of CDs to enter the ATC workforce. Many guidelines for color use in visual displays state that color use should be ... |
|
| Methods for Aiding Height Determination in Pseudolite-Based Reference Systems Using Batch Least-Squares Estimation |
MAR 2006 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
John H. Amt; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| There are many situations in which GPS is either unable to provide the desired level of accuracy or is unavailable. Use of a pseudolite-based reference system for navigation can be a means for positioning during these times. While there are advantages in using a pseudolite-based reference system, there are still implementation issues and deficiencies that must be addressed. In many cases, a pseudolite system with ground-based transmitters has difficulty determining ... |
|
| A Minimum Effort Control Approach to Guided Munition Path Planning |
MAR 2006 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey M. Borkowski; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| An advance in the development of smart munitions entails autonomously modifying target selection during flight to maximize the value of the target being destroyed. Target identification and classification provides a basis for target value, which is used in conjunction with multi-target tracks to determine an optimal aim point for the munition. A unique guidance law can be constructed that exploits attribute and kinematic data from an onboard video sensor. This ... |
|
| Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based Navigation |
MAR 2006 |
185 pages |
| Authors:
III Porter Maynard J.; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| The ability of moths to locate a member of the opposite sex, by tracking a wind-borne plume of odor molecules, is an amazing reality. Numerous scenarios exist where having this capability embedded into ground-based or aerial vehicles would be invaluable. The main crux of this thesis investigation is the development of a navigation algorithm which gives a UAV the ability to track a chemical plume to its source. Inspiration from ... |
|
| Static Sector Characteristics and Operational Errors |
MAR 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Scott Goldman; Carol Manning; Elaine Pfleiderer; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| This study was conducted to determine if static sector characteristics are related to the occurrence of operational errors (OEs) at the Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZID). The authors sought to determine whether factors that predicted OEs at the Atlanta Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZTL) in a study conducted by Rodgers et al. (1998) would also predict OE occurrence at other facilities. The data consisted of a 3-year ... |
|
| Reexamination of Color Vision Standards, Part 2. A Computational Method to Assess the Effect of Color Deficiencies in Using ATC Displays |
MAR 2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Jing Xing; David J. Schroeder; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| The previous study showed that many colors were used in air traffic control displays. We also found that colors were used mainly for three purposes: capturing controllers' immediate attention, identifying targets, and segmenting information. This report is a continuing effort to reexamine the FAA's color vision standards, focused on understanding how individuals with color vision deficiencies use color-coded information. We first reviewed and synthesized the literature about the effectiveness of ... |
|
| Reexamination of Color Vision Standards, Part I: Status of Color Use in ATC Displays and Demography of Color-Deficit Controllers |
FEB 2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Jing Xing; David J. Schroeder; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| This report describes the status of color use in current air traffic control (ATC) displays. It represents the first step in an effort to reexamine the color vision standards for air traffic controllers. The current job-related color vision tests used by the FAA are based on an analysis of ATC tasks conducted in the 1980s. Over the past decade, many color displays have been introduced, meanwhile, the job-related screening tests ... |
|
| On the Computation of the Ego-Motion and Distance to Obstacles for a Micro Air Vehicle |
JAN 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
R. V. Iyer; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH AIR VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
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| In this paper, we have considered the problem of velocity and range estimation for a UAV using a camera and the knowledge of total speed through a GPS device. We have shown that this problem can be solved using a reliability-based motion computation and an optimization problem that is well-posed. If the velocity in the body frame is known, then the problem results in a straight-forward solution. For the more ... |
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| Vision-Based UAV Flight Control and Obstacle Avoidance |
JAN 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Zhihai He; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH AIR VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
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| In this work, we explore various ideas and approaches to deal with the inherent uncertainty and image noise in motion analysis, and develop a low-complexity, accurate and reliable scheme to estimate the motion fields from UAV navigation videos. The motion field information allows us to accurately estimate ego-motion parameters of the UAV and refine (or correct) the motion measurements from other sensors. Based on the motion field information, we also ... |
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Air Navigation and Guidance
