| Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Ian S. Adams; Christopther C. Hennon; W. L. Jones; Khalil Ahmad; MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING CONSULTANTS COCOA BEACH FL
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 | WindSat is the world's first microwave polarimetric radiometer, designed to measure ocean vector winds. In late 2004, the first preliminary oceanic wind vector results were released, and this paper presents the first evaluation of this product for several Atlantic hurricanes during the 2003 season. Both wind speed and wind direction comparisons will be made with surface wind analysis (H*Wind) developed by the NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD) and provided by ... |
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| Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Vesecky; Jessica Drake; Kenneth Laws; Frank L. Ludwig; Calvin C. Teague; Jeffery D. Paduan; Lorelle Meadows; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA CRUZ
|
| As indicated by growing deployments world wide, HF radar is an increasingly important tool for mapping coastal surface currents. It has been used to determine wind direction. We report further on the ability of multifrequency HF radar to measure the vector wind field and the impact that such measurements have on the measurement of wind fields over coastal land and sea. In this study, we use a year-long 2000-2001 data ... |
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| Determining the Applicability of the Barotropic Approximation to the Mean Seasonal Flow Through the Tsushima/Korean Strait using Variational Assimilation |
21 JUL 2005 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
S. R. Smith; G. A. Jacobs; R. R. Leben; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Variational assimilation is used to combine velocity and sea-surface height anomaly (SSHA) measurements with a system of dynamics to estimate the seasonal flow through the Taushima/Korean Strait for the summer, autumn and winter seasons of 1999-2000. The velocity measurements are from two lines of moored acoustic Doppler Current profilers (ADCPs) spanning the Tsushima/Korean strait just north and south of Tsushima island and the SSHA measurements are from the TOPEX altimeter. ... |
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| Preliminary Scientific Assessment of the July 2004 SEPTR Test Deployment |
11 JUL 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
David Walsh; David Wang; Jeffrey W. Book; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Initial results are presented from a July through September 2004 test deployment done with a modified, preliminary version of SEPTR (circa 2003). The SEPTR performed well overall, returning twice-daily vertical profiles of temperature and salinity, in addition to nearly continuous profiles of velocity. However, a number of problems requiring attention were identified. These include an intermitent failure of the battery charger, which caused the profiler to stay near the surface ... |
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| Operational Polar Ice Forecasting |
JUL 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Pamela S. Posey; Ruth H. Preller; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The Arctic is one of the most hostile operational environments in the world. Free drifting icebergs, shifting boundaries of pack ice, 24-hour darkness, sub-zero temperatures, icing on ship's equipment and superstructures and a lack of dependable logistical support can make Arctic operations extremely dangerous for ships, aircraft and submarines. Given these harsh operating conditions, real-time information and accurate forecasts can mean the difference between missing success and major equipment damage. ... |
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| High Resolution Modeling of the Gulf of Mexico |
JUL 2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick J. Hogan; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| An advanced, high-resolution numerical ocean model is employed to investigate the dynamics and physical characteristics of the deep and shallow circulation in the Gulf of Mexico. The resolution of the ocean model (approx. 4 kilometers) and revolutionary hybrid (quasi-isopycnic) vertical coordinate makes it an excellent candidate to form the ocean model core of an ocean acoustic tomography program that can provide near real-time subsurface ocean data to augment satellite data ... |
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| Rule-Based and Physics-Based Weather Effects and Impacts for AWARS |
23 JUN 2005 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Shirkey; Sean O'Brien; LeeLinda Parker; David Quintis; Steven R. Glasgow; Terry Gach; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
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| Presentation on rules-based and physics-based weather effects and impacts for AWARS. The objective of this presentation is to continue the current implementation of weather effects in the AWARS model using methodologies that improve the estimation of weather impacts in the target acquisition algorithms without increasing AWARS run time. |
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| Urban Warfare: Detailing Single Building Airflow, Turbulence and Stability Variation Characteristics |
23 JUN 2005 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Gail-Tirrell Vaucher; Ronald Cionco; Manuel Bustillos; Sean D'Arcy; Robert Dumais; Robert Brice; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
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| Presentation on Urban Warfare: Detailing single building airflow, turbulence and stability variation characteristics. |
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| The Integrated Natural Environment Authoritative Representation Process |
23 JUN 2005 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Edward F. Weitzner; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV LAUREL MD APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| Presentation on the integrated natural environment authoritative representation process. A brief on some of the relevant aspects of providing an authoritative natural environment to models and simulations. |
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| Atmospheric Kinetics for Toxic Industrial Compounds (TICs) (POSTPRINT) |
20 JUN 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Michael V. Henley; Sheryl E. Calidonna; Jean J. Renard; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| The modeling of the atmospheric dispersion of a chemical release has reached a high level of sophistication in the description of the physical distribution of the chemical as affected by meteorological and topographical factors. However, the predicted distribution of the release chemical often fails to match the chemical distribution measured in the field because chemical transformations occurring in the atmosphere are not adequately taken into account in the various models ... |
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| Assessment of HF Drift Data Reliability |
13 JUN 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
EDINBURGH SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| This report results from a contract tasking Ionospheric Group. Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing. as follows: The Grantee will investigate use of interferometric Doppler techniques to measure drift of ionospheric particles. Determining the motion of these particles is critical in understanding their effects on HF communications and potential forecasting of atmospheric activity. |
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| Black Sea Mixed Layer Sensitivity to Various Wind and Thermal Forcing Products on Climatological Time Scales |
08 JUN 2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
A. B. Kara; Harley Jurlburt; Alan Wallcraft; Mark Bourassa; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This study describes atmospheric forcing parameters constructed from different global climatologies, applied to the Black Sea, and investigates the sensitivity of HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations to these products. Significant discussion is devoted to construction of these parameters before using them in the eddy-resolving HYCOM simulations. Eight wind forcing products are used: four obtained from observation on the QuikSCAT satellite, and the rest formed from operational model products. Atmospherically-forced ... |
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| A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2 |
01-Jun-2005 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Wei Wang; William C Skamarock; Joseph B Klemp; Jimy Dudhia; David O Gill; Dale M Barker; Jordan G Powers; NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BOULDER CO MESOSCALE AND MICROSCALE METEOROLOGY DIV
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| The development of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system is a multiagency effort intended to provide a next-generation mesoscale forecast model and data assimilation system that will advance both the understanding and prediction of mesoscale weather and accelerate the transfer of research advances into operations. The model is being developed as a collaborative effort ort among the NCAR Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology (MMM) Division, the National Oceanic and ... |
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| A Complex Adaptive System Approach to Forecasting Hurricane Tracks |
JUN 2005 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew R. Lear; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Forecast hurricane tracks using a multi-model ensemble that consists of linearly combining the individual model forecasts have greatly reduced the average forecast errors when compared to individual dynamic model forecast errors. In this experiment, a multi-agent system, the Tropical Agent Forecaster (TAF), is created to fashion a "smart" ensemble forecast. The TAF uses autonomous agents to assess the historical performance of individual models and model combinations, called predictors, and weights ... |
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| Forecasting Hurricane Tracks Using a Complex Adaptive System |
JUN 2005 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew R. Lear; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Forecast hurricane tracks using a multi-model ensemble that consists of linearly combining the individual model forecasts have greatly reduced the average forecast errors when compared to individual dynamic model forecast errors. In this experiment, a multi-agent system, the Tropical Agent Forecaster (TAF), is created to fashion a "smart" ensemble forecast. The TAF uses autonomous agents to assess the historical performance of individual models and model combinations, called predictors, and weights ... |
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| Network Shortest Path Application for Optimum Track Ship Routing |
JUN 2005 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Anel A. Montes; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The United States Navy Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) community routes ships for weather evasion using advanced meteorological modeling and satellite data, but lacks a tool to enable fewer ship routers to make better routing decisions faster. Limited resources and rising costs are affecting the frequency and duration of current naval operations. The Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, has ordered the community to find efficiencies and automation possibilities to meet ... |
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| Predictability Associated with the Downstream Impact of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclone |
JUN 2005 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
Justin M. Reeves; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Since an extratropical transition (ET) of a decaying tropical cyclone (TC) often results in a fast-moving, rapidly- developing extratropical cyclone and amplification of synoptic-scale systems far downstream, proper forecasting of ET events is critical to forecast accuracy over large ocean regions. Past studies have linked forecast accuracy to the phasing of a decaying TC with favorable midlatitudes conditions. Because ET events are sensitive to the analyzed initial conditions, this phasing ... |
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| Southern Ocean GLOBEC Moored Array and Automated Weather Station Data Report |
JUN 2005 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
Carlos Moffat; Robert C. Beardsley; Richard Limeburner; Breck Owens; Mike Caruso; Jason Hyatt; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
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| As part of the U.S. Southern Ocean GLOBEC program, moored time series measurements of temperature, conductivity (salinity), pressure, velocity, and acoustic backscatter were made from March 2001 to March 2003 in and near Marguerite Bay, located on the Antarctic Peninsula western shelf. To monitor surface forcing during the moored array observations, two automatic weather stations (AWSs) were deployed on islands in Marguerite Bay and time series of wind, air temperature, ... |
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| Climatological Studies of Mesospheric and Lower Thermosphere Thermal and Neutral Wind Structure at Maui, Hawaii |
JUN 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Meriwether; CLEMSON UNIV SC DEPT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
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| The research supported by this award dealt in part with the application of the Rayleigh lidar located at the Air Force N4OS facility in Maui, Hawaii to observe the density and temperature profiles during the July campaign period of 2002. These results have been analyzed and submitted for publication in J. Geophysical Res. (Atmospheres). The research funding also supported the analysis of all-sky images obtained at Clemson University during a ... |
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| Regional Variability and Predictability in the Upper Ocean |
23 MAY 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Robert A. Weller; Joseph H. LaCasce; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
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 | We pursued understanding of regional upper ocean and lower atmospheric variability in large part by participation in fleet exercises and examination of the realism of oceanographic and meteorological models. The exercises were MIREM (Mine Warfare Readiness Effectiveness Measuring) Programs focusing on the performance of Navy systems in the upper ocean and/or atmospheric boundary layer in the littoral environment. We conducted enhanced environmental monitoring, placing small, non-intrusive instruments on ships operating ... |
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| Owning the Weather in the Maritime Environment |
17 MAY 2005 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Angove; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| There is a long history of weather impacting military operations. Today's U.S. Joint Forces must incorporate a thorough understanding of the battlespace environment into plans and execution in order to optimize the current generation of high-tech weapons and sensors. The Air Force, Army and Marine Corps place a high value on effectively working knowledge of the environment into all aspects of military operations. For largely cultural reasons the Navy continues ... |
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| New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting |
01 MAY 2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Monio D. Kartalev; BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SOFIA INST OF MECHANICS
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| This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences as follows: The grantee will use plasma and magnetic field interplanetary data generated from orbiting spacecraft to develop real-time models of the earth s ionosphere. This will provide detailed knowledge about the Magneto Hydrodynamics (MHD) discontinuities that occur due to the solar wind, and its effects on communications. |
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| Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather |
01 MAY 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Carla L. M. Geurts; Stephen S. Cheung; NEW BRUNSWICK UNIV FREDERICTON
|
| In some occupations it is hard to protect the hands against the severe weather conditions in wintertime due to the requirement to maintain manual dexterity. Decrease in temperature of the hands increases risk of cold injury and deteriorates muscle function and manual dexterity, which in turn decreases productivity. A series of field and lab studies were performed to investigate cold stress and cold acclimation on the neuromuscular function of the ... |
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| Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds |
01 MAY 2005 |
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| Authors:
Michel B. Ducharme; Dragan Brajkovic; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
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| The objective of the present study was to define the risk and the time required to develop frostnip on the face during exposure to cold winds. Twelve subjects (6 males and 6 females) were exposed to sixteen 45 min tests where the wind intensity varied between 0, 16 and 32 km/h. The tests were conducted at 0, -10, -20, -30, -40 and 50 C (only 0 km/h wind was present ... |
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| Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation |
01 MAY 2005 |
|
| Authors:
M. B. Ducharme; D. I. Sessler; A. Doufas; R. Greif; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
| Recent work suggests an influence of the mean body skin (Tsk) and deep body temperatures (Tb) on cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD). For example, minimum finger temperature (Tfi,min)was lower, and the maximum finger temperature (Tfi,max) was greater during CIVD when Tb was elevated, and the onset time of the CIVD response was reduced at higher Tsk. Question remain, though, about the influence of forearm tissue temperature on CIVD at a given Tsk ... |
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| Lessons in Safety Climate and Safety Practices from a California Hospital Consortium |
MAY 2005 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Sara J. Singer; Kelly M. Dunham; Jennie D. Bowen; Jeffrey J. Geppert; David M. Gaba; Kathryn M. McDonald; Laurence C. Baker; AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY ROCKVILLE MD
|
| The Patient Safety Consortium included a group of 26 diverse hospitals in or near California. In 2001 and 2002, many consortium hospitals were surveyed using the Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations (PSCHO) tool to present quantitative measures of hospital safety climate and qualitative reports on safety practices over 2 years. Investigators engaged in discussions with consortium hospitals to elicit reports about their patient safety activities. Overall quantitative measures of ... |
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| Optimization of the NMS6b Weather Model Code |
MAY 2005 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Chatt Williamson; Steven R. Thompson; Daniel M. Pressel; Jeffrey N. Robinson; Dixie Hisley; George Petit; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The U.S. Army needs timely and accurate weather forecasting to support the prediction of battlefield conditions. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center was tasked with optimizing the Nonhydrostatic Model Simulation (NMS) weather forecasting code for potential U. S. Army use. This code was written for parallel execution on shared memory architectures using OpenMP directives. As written, the code does not run on distributed memory nodes. The NMS ... |
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| Stratus Ocean Reference Station (20 deg S, 85 deg W), Mooring Recovery and Deployment Cruise, R/V Ron Brown Cruise 04-11, December 5 - December 24, 2004 |
MAY 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Keir Colbo; Robert Weller; Jeff Lord; Chris Fairall; Frank Bradley; Dan Wolfe; Efthymios Serpetzoglou; Jason Tomlinson; Alvaro G. Tisandie; Juan F. Bustos; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| The Ocean Reference Station at 20 degs S, 85 degs W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile and Peru is being maintained to provide ongoing, climate-quality records of surface meteorology, of air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It ... |
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| Density Variations and Other Parameters from UARS Wind Measurements |
30 APR 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey M. Forbes; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER DEPT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING SCIENCES
|
| A methodology is developed for fitting determinations of tidal winds using a set of basis functions called Hough Mode Extensions (HMEs), which can then be used to estimate densities, winds, temperatures and vertical velocities, in height and latitude regimes where measurements do not exist. The methodology is validated via application to output from a general circulation model, and then is applied to actual space-based measurements. A web site has been ... |
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| Clutter Characterization and Propagation Measurements During Adverse Weather Conditions |
14 APR 2005 |
|
| Authors:
J. A. Bruder; M. C. Brinkmann; G. R. Whitley; T. L. Lane; Paul Granger; GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH INST ATLANTA
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| The evaluation of sensor performance under adverse weather conditions is critical for the determination of usability during all weather conditions. The Precisions Armaments Laboratory (PAL) located at the US Army Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, USA development will enable automated measurement of propagation effects and clutter characterization under adverse conditions. |
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| Automated Ambulatory Assessment of Cognitive Performance, Environmental Conditions and Motor Activity during Military Operations |
01 APR 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Harris R. Lieberman; F. M. Kramer; Scott J. Montain; Philip J. Niro; Andrew J. Young; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY NUTRITION DIV
|
| Until recently, scientists had limited opportunities to study human cognitive performance in nonlaboratory, fully ambulatory situations. Recently, advances in technology have made it possible to extend behavioral assessment to the field environment. One of the first devices to measure human behavior in the field was the wrist-worn actigraph. This device, now widely employed, can acquire minute-by-minute information on an individual's level of motor activity. Actigraphs can, with reasonable accuracy, distinguish ... |
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| Biomechanical Analyses of Body Movement and Locomotion as Affected by Clothing and Footwear for Cold Weather Climates |
APR 2005 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
Brian E. O'Hearn; Carolyn K. Bensel; Amy F. Polcyn; GEO-CENTERS INC NEWTON CENTRE MA
|
| A study of Army cold weather clothing was conducted to determine effects on soldiers' movements and walking gait of adding layers of clothing to the body. Performance in a temperate duty uniform was also compared with performance in cold weather clothing, and differences in walking gait associated with regular combat boots and with cold weather foot gear were investigated. Study participants, 13 Army enlisted men, were each testing in seven ... |
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| Role of Intracloud Lightning in Tornadogenesis |
MAR 2005 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald W. Armstrong; ARMSTRONG CONSULTING OCEAN CITY MD
|
| The role of cloud electrification within supercells and, in particular, the role of lightning in tornadogenesis is re-examined. Rather than cloud-to-ground lightning, it is intracloud lightning that is the culprit for enhancing updraft wind velocities to tornadic levels. The lightning produces within the intracloud chamber both: (1) newly generated hydrogen ions, of negligible cross-section, that stream downwards to recombine with the main resident lower cloud hydroxyl ion concentration, thereby liberating ... |
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| Evaluation of COAMPS Forecasting Performance of Along Coast Wind Events During Frontal Passages |
MAR 2005 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Carl S. James; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Performance of high resolution mesoscale models has been in a continuous state of refinement since their inception. Mesoscale models have become quite skillful in forecasting synoptic scale events such as mid-latitude cyclones. However, atmospheric forcing becomes a much more complicated process when faced with the challenge of forecasting near topography along the coastline. Phenomena such as gap flows, blocked flow winds and low level stratification become important to predictability at ... |
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| The Impact of Background Resolution on Target Aquisitions Weapons Software (TAWS) Sensor Performance |
MAR 2005 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
CHarles M. Pearcy Ii; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| This study evaluated the sensitivity of TAWS detection range calculations to the spatial resolution of scenario backgrounds. Sixteen independent sites were analyzed to determine TAWS background. Multispectral satellite data were processed to different spatial resolutions from 1m to 8km. The resultant imagery was further processed to determine TAWS background type. The TAWS background type was refined to include soil moisture characteristics. Soil moisture analyses were obtained using in situ measurements, ... |
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| A Case Study of Insitu-Aircraft Observations in a Waterspout Producing Cloud |
MAR 2005 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Clayton M. Baskin; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| An analysis of in-situ aircraft observations collected in the parent cloud of a waterspout is presented. Previous waterspout studies were confined mainly to photometric and model simulated data, no in-situ observations were made internal to the parent cloud. On 27 June 2002 the Cooperative Institute for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) UV-18A Twin Otter aircraft collected observations in a cloud that had developed in a cloud line, located approximately 15km ... |
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| Accuracy of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Intensity Guidance |
MAR 2005 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Blackerby; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Consensus methods require that the techniques have no bias and have skill. The accuracy of six statistical and dynamical model tropical cyclone intensity guidance techniques was examined for western North Pacific tropical cyclones during the 2003 and 2004 seasons using the climatology and persistence technique called ST5D as a measure of skill. A framework of three phases: (i) initial intensification; (ii) maximum intensity with possible decay/ reintensification cycles; and (iii) ... |
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| Microwave Estimates of the Extratropical Transitions Process |
MAR 2005 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Cedrick L. Stubblefield; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Microwave satellite imagery is a valuable tool for the observation of mature tropical cyclones. This study examined the application of microwave data to the extratropical transition (ET) process. During ET a tropical cyclone (TC) moves into an area of large gradients in many atmospheric parameters. The data sparse regions in which these gradients exist make the examination of key physical mechanisms responsible for the ET process difficult. The Advanced Microwave ... |
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| Forecasting the Onset and Intensity of Vertically Propagating Mountain Waves Over the Alps |
MAR 2005 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph D. Coughlin; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Vertically propagating waves (VPWs) generated by prominent mountain ridges are a severe hazard to military aircraft operations. Properly forecasting the initiation and duration of such a phenomenon is critical, yet quite often missed by turbulence forecasters. A primary reason for poor forecast skill is vague VPW forecasting guidelines at the Air Force operational centers, focusing a majority of attention on the less severe, more common trapped lee wave response. The ... |
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| Meteorological Measurements With a MWR-05XP Phased Array Radar |
MAR 2005 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
John B. Sandifer; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Scanning strategies for research and operational applications were developed for meteorological measurements with an experimental PAR, the MWR- 05XP. A tornadic storm sampling strategy was developed with a 502.26 ms volumetric update and a resolution of 1.8 Az x 2 El x 150 m range. A sampling strategy for severe thunderstorm clusters was developed with a 10 second volumetric update and a resolution of 1.8 Az x 2 El x ... |
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| North Pacific Tropical Cyclones and Teleconnections |
MAR 2005 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
David C. Budzko; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| This thesis investigated the hypothesis that variations in tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific (WNP) may affect the teleconnection between the tropical WNP and North America. The teleconnection patterns of the 500 hPa geopotential height between a base point in the WNP (20 N 115 E) and a domain over North America (30 - 45 N, 70 -90 W) from 1951-2001 were examined. The 25 most active ... |
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| Disaster Preparedness: Anticipating the Worst Case Scenario Issue Paper Volume 05-05, March 2005 |
MAR 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
|
| South Asia, geologically speaking, is a very dynamic region. Its northern boundaries follow the convergence of the Indian and Eurasian Plates, while its southern edge is contained within the Ring of Fire. Although the major collision of continents that began the formation of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau occurred 50 million years ago, South Asia is still a seismically active area. Over the last century it has experienced eighteen ... |
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| Validation of COAMPS (trademark)/Dust During UAE2 |
MAR 2005 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Darren D. Sokol; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Dust forecasting has become important to military operations over the past three decades. Rules of thumb have been the primary resource for forecasting dust. In recent years, algorithms for weather models have been created to produce atmospheric dust concentration forecasts and are now coming into use operationally. The question becomes how good are the models and what causes errors in their forecasts? This study examines the accuracy of the U. ... |
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| Determining the Fine Structure of the Entrainment Zone in Cloud-Topped Boundary Layers |
MAR 2005 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Michael S. Horner; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| The objective of this thesis is to obtain a better understanding of cloud-top entrainment through an in-depth analysis of entrainment-zone structure. In situ aircraft measurements taken during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) were used for this purpose. Using data collected from multiple cloud-top penetrations, the presence of an interfacial layer in- between the top of the cloud mixed-layer and the base of the free atmosphere is identified and consequently ... |
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| Characteristic Errors in 120-H Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts in the Western North Pacific |
MAR 2005 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Ryan M. Kehoe; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| All large (>400 n mi at 96 h, >500 n mi at 120 h) Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) and U.S. Navy version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Model (GFDN) tropical cyclone track forecast errors in the western North Pacific during the 2004 typhoon season are examined. Responsible error mechanisms are described by conceptual models that are related to known tropical cyclone motion processes being misrepresented in ... |
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| Analysis and Forecasts of 300 hPa Divergence Associated With Severe Convection Using ETA-212 and MM5 Model Data |
MAR 2005 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Scott C. Lisko; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| This study investigates severe weather events occurring in the Midwest, Central, and Northeastern United States from May through September 2004. Severe weather events are pinpointed using tornado and hail reports and correlating them with NEXRAD radar data to determine maximum intensity of the event. Severe storms that occur within 30 minutes of a model forecast hour are catalogued for further investigation. Once these events are diagnosed, ETA-212 and MM5 model ... |
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| In-line Particulate Transport and Dispersion Modeling Using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) |
MAR 2005 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Englert; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| There are a number of analytical and semi-empirical models that describe the behavior of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Many of these require modification for all types of weather, dry versus wet deposition, and overall effects can be quite non-linear. Rainfall (rate, drop size, etc.), snowfall (rate, flake size, etc.), humidity, pressure, temperature, and combination of these greatly affect particle settling and washout rates. To that end, a method for ... |
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| Compilation of Theses Abstracts |
MAR 2005 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This publication contains unclassified/unrestricted abstracts of classified or restricted theses submitted for the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy, Master of Business Administration, Master of Science, and Master of Arts for the March 2005 graduation. This compilation of abstracts is published in order that those interested in the fields represented may have an opportunity to become acquainted with the nature and substance of the student research that has been undertaken. Copies ... |
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| Development of a Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-15 Disturbance Storm-Time (Dst) Index |
MAR 2005 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Bono; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| As the DoD's use of space and space assets increases, so does its need for timely and accurate predictions of space weather conditions. A good understanding of the data from satellites together with data from ground stations can help model and determine variations in the space environment. An accurate, real-time Disturbance storm-time (Dst) index would be a primary input into current and future space weather models The Dst index is ... |
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| Vertical Structure and Flux Formulations for the Stable Boundary Layer |
15 FEB 2005 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Larry Mahrt; Dean Vickers; Cheryl Klipp; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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| A z-less form of the mixing length that approaches surface layer similarity theory at the surface and approaches boundary layer similarity theory for weakly stratified conditions performed significantly better for CASES99 data than five other existing formulations, particularly after accounting for self- correlation. Radiative flux divergence was important for the initial formation of the surface inversion layer in CASES99, but was otherwise unimportant. Based on several data sets, the success ... |
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Meteorology
