| NOGAPS-ALPHA Simulations of the 2002 Antarctic Stratospheric Major Warming |
DEC 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
D. R. Allen; S. D. Eckermann; J. P. McCormack; L. Coy; G. L. Manney; T. F. Hogan; Y.-J. Kim; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC REMOTE SENSING DIV
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 | A new high-altitude (~0-85 km) version of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) global spectral forecast model has been developed as a joint effort of NRL's Space Science, Remote Sensing, and Marine Meteorology Divisions. This NOGAPS-Advanced Level Physics and High Altitude (NOGAPS-ALPHA) model is formulated with a higher top level than the operational NOGAPS model and with a new hybrid vertical coordinate that transitions from terrain-following in the ... |
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| Current Status and Future Directions in the Use of High-Resolution Atmospheric Models for Support of T&E |
Dec-2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
James Bowers; Elford Astling; Thomas Warner; Scot Swerdlin; Terri Betancourt; ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND UT
|
| Right from the beginning of the computer age, high performance computers have been dedicated to weather research and forecasting. ATEC and the National Center for Atmospheric Research have partnered on the development of one of the highest-resolution operational weather-prediction systems in the world, ATEC 4DWX. Weather models need to be closely coupled to special-applications models - transport and diffusion, parachute drift, sound propagation. The mobile version is used to support ... |
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| Hurricane Ivan's Impact Along the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume 86, Number 48 |
29 NOV 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
G. W. Stone; N. D. Walker; S. A. Hsu; A. Babin; B. Liu; B. D. Keim; W. Teague; D. Mitchell; R. Beben; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Just over a year after the landfall of Hurricane Ivan, scientists have now had an opportunity to evaluate a variety of oceanographic and geologic responses to this storm. Hurricanes Ivan, Katrina, and Rita are among the most powertul hurricanes recently to enter the Gulf of Mexico. Although it weakened from a very powertul category 5 hurricane to a category 3 before making landfall along the Alabama coast, Hurricane Ivan devastated ... |
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| Investigating Possible Causative Mechanisms Behind the Houston Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Anomaly |
22 NOV 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L. Gauthier; Walter A. Petersen; ALABAMA UNIV IN HUNTSVILLE
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| Anthropogenic influences such as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and increased aerosol concentrations have been postulated for many years to have an effect on lower tropospheric chemistry, convection, lightning and rainfall. Moreover, these influences have been invoked as possible explanations for the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning anomalies observed over the Houston metropolitan area. In particular, Orville et al. (2001) and Steiger et al. (2002) reported a 45% increase in annual CG ... |
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| Education and Training Issues Related to Major Disasters |
04 NOV 2005 |
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| Authors:
Charmaine Mercer; Richard N. Apling; Paul Irwin; Ann Lordeman; Rebecca R. Skinner; David P. Smole; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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 | It is estimated that more than 370,000 elementary/secondary school children have been displaced by the recent hurricanes. In addition, it is estimated that approximately 30 institution of higher education (IHEs) in the affected areas have been severely damaged, and nearly 100,000 postsecondary students have been displaced as a result. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the combined direct effect of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on employment probably resulted in the ... |
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| The Vortex Cooled Chamber Wall Engine: A Tamed Tornado |
03 NOV 2005 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew E. Turner; William H. Knuth; AEROJET SACRAMENTO CA
|
| The violent winds within tornadoes are among the most powerful forces on the face of the Earth. The Orbital Technologies Corporation (ORBITEC(tm)) of Madison, WI has discovered a way to harness the forces of a powerful tornado-like vortex flow within a new rocket engine where the chamber walls are protected from the fierce heat of combustion by a vortex flow field. This tamed tornado exists today as the vortex cooled ... |
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| Extended-Range Signal Recovery Using Multi-PRI Transmission for Doppler Weather Radars |
01 NOV 2005 |
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| Authors:
John Y. Cho; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON LINCOLN LAB
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| Range-velocity (RV) ambiguity is a source of data quality degradation common to all weather radars. Various methods have been developed in recent years to combat this problem. For example, for the new NEXRAD Open Radar Data Acquisition (ORDA) system, the primary focus for range-overlay separation has been on phase-code transmission and processing techniques. There are, however, conditions under which the phase-code method fails to separate range-overlaid signals, e.g., when the ... |
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| Analysis of the Air Force Equipment Replacement Forecasting Method |
NOV 2005 |
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| Authors:
Douglas J. Blazer; LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT INST MCLEAN VA
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| The Air Force forecasts requirements to replace current in-use Air Force managed support equipment. There are two needs for the replacement forecast: to provide budget estimates for equipment needs 1 7 years into the future, and to execute equipment buy (and repair) actions. The current system does not collect sufficient data to forecast replacements; however, it is not clear if any system could forecast replacement requirements accurately enough to develop ... |
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| Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2006 |
Nov-2005 |
225 pages |
| Authors:
CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE PROGRAM WASHINGTON DC
|
| The report describes the activities and plans of the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), which incorporates the U.S. Global Change Research Program, established under the Global Change Research Act of 1990, and the Climate Change Research Initiative, established by the President in 2001. CCSP coordinates and integrates scientific research on climate and global change supported by 13 participating departments and agencies of the U.S. Government. This FY 2006 edition of ... |
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| Dust Abatement Methods for Lines-of-Communication and Base Camps in Temperate Climates |
OCT 2005 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Rushing; Vernon M. Moore; Jeb S. Tingle; Quint Mason; Tim McCaffrey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
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| The U.S. Army Engineer Research and development Center was tasked by the U.S. Marine Corps Systems Command to develop dust control systems for sustainment use on roads and other large-area applications in temperate climates as part of a comprehensive dust abatement program. The project consisted of evaluating various dust palliatives and application procedures during field tests. The products of this effort include equipment recommendations, palliative recommendations, and complete application guidance. ... |
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| Environmental Visualization and Horizontal Fusion |
Oct-2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
D Jones; K Wauchope; J Stroup; J Ballas; D Brown; T Tsui; J Cook; J Olsonbaker; R Carr; K Kerr; L Aker; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| The Environmental Visualization (EVIS) project is a collaborative effort among the Naval Research Laboratory, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, and the Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington. The EVIS team, a multidisciplinary group of physical scientists, computer scientists, and human factors psychologists, is tailoring the weather and oceanographic information provided to military personnel. The participation of the EVIS team in the Horizontal Fusion (HF) program, (sponsored by the Assistant Secretary ... |
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| Introduction to Violent Sun-Earth Connection Events of October-November 2003 |
30 SEP 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
N. Gopalswamy; L. Barbieri; E. W. Cliver; G. Lu; S. P. Plunkett; R. M. Skoug; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
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| The violent solar eruptions of October-November 2003 are one of the best observed outbreaks of intense solar activity to date. These events, referred to as the Halloween storms, are extreme events in terms of both their source properties at the Sun and their heliospheric consequences. The plasma, particle, and electromagnetic consequences of these events were detected at several locations in the heliosphere thanks to the distributed network of spacecraft. Disturbances ... |
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| Correcting for Precipitation Effects in Satellite-Based Passive Microwave Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimates |
28 SEP 2005 |
160 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Wacker; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
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| Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) intensity estimates are best achieved from satellite observations. The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) has operated since 1998 on polar-orbiting environmental satellites and is able to measure the warm temperature anomaly in the upper troposphere above a TC's center. Through hydrostatic equilibrium, this warm anomaly is roughly proportional to the TC's sea-level pressure anomaly. Based on this principle, the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) ... |
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| Earth Radii Used in Numerical Weather Models |
26 SEP 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Louis A. Hembree; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA MARINE METEOROLOGY DIV
|
| In the development of numerical atmospheric models, many simplifying assumptions are made. One of the simplifying assumptions is that the Earth can be represented as a sphere. This assumption greatly simplifies the complexity of the resulting equation set that needs to be solved and makes them more tractable. It also reduces the computational cost. The Synthetic Environmental Data Representation and Interface Specification (SEDRIS) Spatial Reference Model (SRM), ISO/IEC 18026, defines ... |
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| Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and the Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration |
26 SEP 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Jeffrey Zinn; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused widespread damage and destruction to wetlands along the central Gulf Coast. Prior to these hurricanes, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers had been seeking approval from the 109th Congress for a $1.1 billion multiyear program to construct five projects that would help to restore portions of the coastal Louisiana ecosystem by slowing the rate of wetland loss and restoring some wetlands. This funding would also ... |
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| Hurricane Katrina: DOD Disaster Response. CRS Report for Congress |
19 SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
Steve Bowman; Lawrence Kapp; Amy Belasco; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The issue that has received the most attention in post-Katrina discussions is the speed of rescue and relief operations. The Department of Defense's (DOD's) Northern Command began its alert and coordination procedures before Katrina's landfall; however, many deployments did not reach the affected area until days later. An examination of the timeline of DOD's response and the decision points along that timeline could provide insight into whether the response could ... |
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| Collaborative Analysis of CASES-99 Lidar Data |
07 SEP 2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
William Eichinger; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
|
| This study deals with the analysis of CASES99 data. Specifically, with elastic and water vapor lidar data and supporting micrometeorological data from sonic anemometers, hygrometers, and long and short wave, upwelling and downwelling radiation fluxes. The analysis has two major parts. The first is the development of algorithms to obtain meteorologically useful information from the lidar data. This part of the study has been reasonably successful, and will generate a ... |
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| New Orleans Levees and Floodwalls: Hurricane Damage Protection |
06 SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
Nicole T. Carter; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Hurricane Katrina's storm surge breached floodwalls and levees surrounding New Orleans, causing widespread inundation and significant damage and hampering rescue and recovery efforts. Flooding from precipitation and storm surges flowing over levees was anticipated because of the hurricane s intensity; however, structural failure of the floodwalls and consequent flooding were uncertain. The immediate engineering and the underlying causes of the breaches are the subject of speculation, and likely will be ... |
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| Tax Deductions for Catastrophic Risk Insurance Reserves: Explanation and Economic Analysis |
02 SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
David L. Brumbaugh; Rawle O. King; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina which struck along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast on August 29, 2005, highlights the fact that the United States continues to be subject to natural hazard risks, primarily weather-related risks such as hurricanes and windstorms, but also seismic risk (earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions) and flood hazard risks. Such natural disaster risks result in deaths, property damage, and economic dislocation. Federal outlays for ... |
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| The Determination of the Aerosol Microphysical Characteristics in the Lower Part of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer from Lidar Data and Accompanying Measurements |
21 SEP 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ilia G. Zolotov; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| Successful inversions of nephelometer data into the aerosol particle size distributions by the method of mean ordinates 1 encouraged us to apply this method to the data on the oceanic volume scattering function (VSF) obtained during LEO-15 Experiment. The objective of this work is to study the potentials of the method of mean ordinates to invert VSF into the particle size distributions (PSD) of oceanic hydrosol in coastal zones (zones ... |
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| Development and Application of an Evaluation Method for the WRF Mesoscale Model |
SEP 2005 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; Robert Flanigan; Richard Padilla; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This report establishes automated methods of obtaining and archiving initialization and time-dependent lateral condition data for the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) mesoscale model. The data includes Eta forecast data, MADIS surface data, and upper-air sounding data. Statistical analysis methods that compare surface and upper-air data between model calculation and observation have also been established and are described in detail. In this study, the WRF was applied to model domains ... |
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| Retrieval and Assimilation of Storm Characteristics from Both In-Cloud and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Data to Improve Mesoscale Model Forecasts |
SEP 2005 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Donald R. MacGorman; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN
|
| To improve the accuracy of regional weather forecasts, we (1) obtained and operated a lightning mapping system that detects all types of lightning to provide data for this project, (2) quantified and tested relationships between lightning and other storm properties that will be useful for assimilation, and (3) developed techniques for assimilating data from all types of lightning into COAMPS. Observational data analysis and storm simulations showed that total lightning ... |
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| Development of a Weather Running Estimate-Nowcast Capability for the U.S. Army IMETS |
SEP 2005 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; Robert Dumais; Richard Okrasinski; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| A nowcast/short-range forecast method, over the domains of approximately 100 km by 100 km with grid resolution of 1.5 to 2.0 km, has been developed for the Integrated Meteorological System (IMETS). Meteorological data available in the IMETS, including Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) forecast, surface, and upper-air sounding data, are used for the computation. Three-dimensional distributions of temperature, dew-point temperature, and horizontal wind vector components can be forecasted. The method ... |
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| Climatic Variations of the California Current System: Application of Smart Climatology to the Coastal Ocean |
SEP 2005 |
168 pages |
| Authors:
Joel W. Feldmeier; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Northern Oscillation Index (NOI), an atmospheric climate index relating climate variations in the tropical Pacific and Northeast Pacific was used to selectively average output from the Parallel Ocean Climate Model (POCM 4C) for 1979-1998. Composites, or smart climatologies, were made representing El Nino (EN) and La Nina (LN) conditions, as well as a long-term mean (LTM) average or traditional climatology, for November to March. Conditions in the California Current ... |
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| The Impacts of Weather Forecasts on Military Operations: A System for Conducting Quantitative Near-Real Time Analyses |
SEP 2005 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Butler; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| We have developed, tested, and operationally implemented a web based system for collecting and analyzing in near-real time weather forecast and observational data to assess: (a) the performance of forecasts; and (b) the operational impacts of forecasts. A major goal of the system is to quantify the impacts of weather forecasts on the planning execution and outcomes of military operations. Our tests and implementation were focused on the METOC support ... |
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| Accuracy of Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Intensity Guidance |
SEP 2005 |
141 pages |
| Authors:
Tara D. Lambert; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Five statistical and dynamical tropical cyclone intensity guidance techniques available at the National Hurricane Center during the 2003 and 2004 Atlantic and eastern North Pacific seasons were evaluated within three intensity phases: (i) formation; (ii) early intensification; and (iii) decay. During the formation phase the Decay Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction (DSHIPS) technique was the best technique in both basins. When the forecast errors during formation exceed +/- 10 kt the ... |
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| Analysis of High-Resolution COAMPS (Trademark) With Observed METOC Data to Demonstrate Atmospheric Impact on EM Propagation |
SEP 2005 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Richard M. Murphy; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Current U.S. Navy Special Warfare and submarine concepts of operations (CONOPS) dictate that in-situ environmental data collection is limited or not possible. Therefore, predicted data from operational models, such as the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), are essential to estimate the impacts of environmental conditions on the detection of enemy targets and counter-detection by radar and optical sensors. This study compares the use of high-resolution COAMPS data and ... |
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| Development of a Weather Radar Signal Simulator to Examine Sampling Rates and Scanning Schemes |
SEP 2005 |
175 pages |
| Authors:
Ulf P. Schroder; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF INFORMATIONAL SCIENCES
|
| A weather radar signal simulator that produces an output consisting of a vector of I and Q values representing the radar return permits investigation of the performance of different estimators for the weather signal parameters and their sensitivity when varying radar parameters and precipitation models. Although several empirical statistical models are available to describe precipitation behavior, the creation of a physical model enables adaptation to actual data (e.g. rain rate, ... |
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| Ionospheric Modeling: Development, Verification and Validation |
SEP 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Patricia H. Doherty; BOSTON COLL CHESTNUT HILL MA INST FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
|
| Much of the work performed this year has been directly related to the validation of the Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) model. Summaries of these efforts are in 26 reports available within the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) on http://dd175/gaim/. Studies were also initiated to enhance the development of high-quality GPS data products and to validate the ability of the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) onboard the Defense ... |
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| Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling |
SEP 2005 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
John Hallett; Matt Bailey; DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV
|
| Laser beam propagation through the earth's atmosphere is influenced by absorption and scattering by ice crystals as occur in cirrus clouds. New instruments (cloudscopes) and laboratory chambers (thermal diffusion, fall tower) have been designed and built to characterize and simulate such crystals to measure absorption and scatter of laser beams. The cloudscope, deployed for aircraft or laboratory use, collects and video-records ice crystals to provide a measure of their size, ... |
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| Surface Fluxes under Weak Wind Conditions |
31 AUG 2005 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Larry Mahrt; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| We have examined each of a number of physical mechanisms thought to be important for weak wind conditions by collecting aircraft and tower data in both open-ocean and fetch- limited conditions. This investigation relied on eddy-correlation data from both aircraft and towers. Our contention is that existing analyses for weak wind situations are often strongly influenced by observational errors and analyses problems, which have been given special emphasis in this ... |
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| The Four Florida Hurricanes of 2004 and Their Impact on the Fleet |
15 AUG 2005 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Peter M. Klein; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| In 2004, four hurricanes (Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne) made landfall in the United States within 6 weeks. Each of these storms posed significant challenges to forecasters and Navy Fleet Commanders alike, particularly with respect to making sortie decisions and preparing Naval Stations for the approach of destructive weather. Sortie decisions are now based on the location of >50 kt wind and >12 ft seas, and unnecessary sorties are viewed ... |
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| Wavenumber Spectrum of Intermediate-Scale Ocean Surface Waves |
10 AUG 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Hwang; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This paper presents an analysis of the wavenumber spectra of intermediate-scale waves (wavelengths between 0.02 and 6 meters) under various sea-state conditions. The main result of the analysis is that the dependence of the dimensionless wave spectrum on the dimensionless wind-friction velocity follows a power-law function. The coefficient and exponent of the power-law function vary systematically with the wavenumber. The wavenumber dependence of the coefficient and exponent serves as an ... |
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| Tactical Environmental Data Services (TEDServices) Post FBE-K Technical Execution Report |
08 AUG 2005 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth G. Warner; Roy V. Ladner; Udaykiran Katikaneni; Frank P. McCreedy; John T. Sample; Kevin B. Shaw; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOSCIENCES DIV
|
| This report reviews the technical execution of the Tactical Environmental Data Services (TEDServices) in the context of the Fleet Battle Experiment-Kilo (FBE-K). The report includes a comprehensive description of TEDServices features executed in FBE-K. Also detailed are high-level TEDServices concepts and software components as well as operational concepts and specific data flow scenarios. |
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| Extreme Waves Under Hurricane Ivan |
05 AUG 2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
David W. Wang; Douglas A. Mitchell; William J. Teague; Ewa Jarosz; Mark S. Hulbert; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Hurricane Ivan a category 4 storm, passed directly over six wave-tide gauges deployed by the Naval Research Laboratory on the outer continental shelf in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Waves were observed with significant wave heights reaching l7.9 meters and maximum crest-to-trough individual wave heights of 27.7 meters (91 feet). Analysis suggests that significant wave heights likely surpassed 21 meters (69 feet) and that maximum crest-to-trough individual wave heights exceeded ... |
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| Aerosol Characteristics in the Northern Territory of Australia During the Dry Season With an Emphasis on Biomass Burning |
AUG 2005 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
S. B. Carr; J. L. Gras; M. T. Hackett; M. D. Keywood; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE RECONN DIV
|
| Results are presented on the atmospheric aerosol derived from aircraft measurements in the vicinity of Jabiru in Kakadu National Park during June and September 2003. The focus of the measurements was on the biomass burning aerosol (smoke) which is ubiquitous throughout the Northern Australian dry season (June - October). Data were also obtained on the coarse mode aerosol which is composed mainly of sea salt and soil. A comprehensive characterization ... |
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| Data Assimilation Techniques for Application to the RAMS and WRF Models. Task Order Report |
AUG 2005 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Craig J. Tremback; John S. Snook; Robert L. Walko; ATMET LLC BOULDER CO
|
| Data assimilation, which can be loosely defined as the techniques to best utilize observational data in conjunction with a numerical simulation, has continued to be a challenging problem for the atmospheric numerical modeling field. Past techniques of objective analysis (Cressman, Barnes, etc.) were simple attempts to interpolate randomly-located observations of basic state variables to a regular grid structure. Within the past decade, schemes based on variational numerical methods have become ... |
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| Pilot Willingness to Take Off Into Marginal Weather. Part 2. Antecedent Overfitting with Forward Stepwise Logistic Regression |
AUG 2005 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Knecht; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Adverse weather is the leading cause of fatalities in general aviation (GA). In prior research, influences of ground visibility, cloud ceiling height, financial incentive, and personality were tested on 60 GA pilots' willingness to take off into simulated adverse weather. Results suggested that pilots did not see "weather" as a monolithic cognitive construct but, rather, as an interaction between its separate factors. However, methodological issues arose during the use of ... |
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| Global Precipitation Measurement Update |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Gilbert M. Flaming; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GREENBELT MD GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
|
| Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is an international cooperative program whose objectives are to (a) increase understanding of rainfall processes, and (b) make frequent rainfall measurements on a global basis. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Japanese Aviation Exploration Agency have entered into a cooperative effort for the formulation and development of GPM. This effort represents a continuation of the partnership that developed the highly successful Tropical Rainfall Measuring ... |
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| The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) Instrument: Role, Performance, and Status |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
S. W. Bidwell; G. M. Flaming; J. F. Durning; E. A. Smith; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GREENBELT MD GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
|
| The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument is a multi-channel, conical-scanning, microwave radiometer serving an essential role in the near-global-coverage and frequent-revisit-time requirements of GPM. As a part of its contribution to GPM, NASA will provide a GMI instrument and a spacecraft for the Core observatory and is considering the acquisition of a second GMI instrument for placement aboard a constellation spacecraft with a payload and orbit to ... |
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| Synthesis of Generalized Vertical-Plane Weather Radar Imagery Along Aircraft Flight Paths |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Pravas R. Mahapatra; Vishnu V. Makkapati; HONEYWELL TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS LAB BANGALORE (INDIA)
|
| A method for synthesizing weather pictures in vertical planes along aircraft flight paths is presented. The weather data are derived from a number of Doppler radars covering different parts of the flight path. The flight path consists of straight segments with arbitrary offset and orientation with respect to individual radar locations. The intersection of radar scanning cones with the vertical plane segments are described as families of radial lines or ... |
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| Enhancing Dust Storm Detection Using PCA Based Data Fusion |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Hesham El-Askary; Abhishek Agarwal; Tarek El-Ghazawi; Menas Kafatos; Jacquline Le-Moigne; GEORGE MASON UNIV FAIRFAX VA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been widely used as a data reduction technique to overcome the curse of dimensionality. In this research we show a different use for PCA technique as a tool for data fusion. PCA as a data fusion technique is performed over the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data, studying dust storms to better serve their identification. The multi-angle viewing capability of MISR is used to enhance our ... |
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| Passive Millimeter-Wave Signatures of Ice Particles in Hurricane Erin |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Gail Skofronick Jackson; Eric Holthaus; Cerese Albers; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GREENBELT MD GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
|
| Observations of Hurricane Erin (2001) taken during the Fourth Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-4) are used to elucidate relationships between measurements and models. Measurements include active and passive microwave sensors, and dropsondes. Models used in the analysis include radiative transfer (RT) models, mesoscale models (MM5), and particle parameterizations. Various combinations of the models and observational constraints are used in the RT model to provide calculated brightness temperatures to compare to ... |
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| An Efficient Implementation of On-Board Cloud Detection on a Reconfigurable Computer |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Esam El-Araby; Mohammed Taher; Tarek El-Ghazawi; Jacqueline Le Moigne; GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV WASHINGTON DC
|
| The presence of cloud contamination can hinder the use of satellite data, and this requires a cloud detection process to mask out cloudy pixels from further processing. The trend for remote sensing satellite missions has always been towards smaller size, lower cost, more flexibility, and higher computational power. Reconfigurable Computers (RCs) combine the flexibility of traditional microprocessors with the power of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Therefore, RCs are a ... |
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| A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
John J. Qu; Xianjun Hao; Bruce Hauss; Chunming Wang; Jeffrey Privette; GEORGE MASON UNIV FAIRFAX VA
|
| Approaches for establishing the absolute calibration of a newly deployed, satellite-borne radiometer have varied from aircraft under flights with previously calibrated sensors to vicarious calibration over known, benign backgrounds, utilizing radiative transfer models to generate top-of-atmosphere radiances. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficacy of this approach by presenting results of the cross comparison of two sensors that are known to be well calibrated, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate ... |
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| WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Lee; James Goerss; Jeffrey Hawkins; Joseph Turk; Zorana Jelenak; Paul Chang; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA
|
| This paper examines WindSat wind retrievals from two perspectives. The first is a statistical analysis, comparing both WindSat and QuikSCAT to model output. The second is an analysis geared toward weather forecasters based on individual case studies. |
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| Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth S. Gage; Christopher R. Williams; NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION BOULDER CO AERONOMY LAB
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| Realistic simulation of the hydrologic cycle in global climate models remains a difficult challenge since climate models cannot resolve convective systems. Only satellites can provide global precipitation estimates needed to validate global climate models. The algorithms used to relate precipitation estimates to satellite observables require ground-based observations for development and validation purposes. In this paper we outline how profilers can be used in combination with other ground based instruments to ... |
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| NASA's Global Precipitation Mission Ground Validation Segment |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Mathew R. Schwaller; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GREENBELT MD GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
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| NASA is designing a Ground Validation Segment (GVS) as one of its contributions to the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The GPM GVS provides an independent means for evaluation, diagnosis, and ultimately improvement of the GPM spaceborne measurements and precipitation products. NASA's GPM GVS concept calls for a combination of direct observations executed within a Multidimensional Observing Volume (MOV) and model-based analyses executed by a Satellite Simulator Model (SSM). The ... |
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| Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Ian S. Adams; Christopther C. Hennon; W. L. Jones; Khalil Ahmad; MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING CONSULTANTS COCOA BEACH FL
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| WindSat is the world's first microwave polarimetric radiometer, designed to measure ocean vector winds. In late 2004, the first preliminary oceanic wind vector results were released, and this paper presents the first evaluation of this product for several Atlantic hurricanes during the 2003 season. Both wind speed and wind direction comparisons will be made with surface wind analysis (H*Wind) developed by the NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD) and provided by ... |
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| Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Vesecky; Jessica Drake; Kenneth Laws; Frank L. Ludwig; Calvin C. Teague; Jeffery D. Paduan; Lorelle Meadows; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA CRUZ
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| As indicated by growing deployments world wide, HF radar is an increasingly important tool for mapping coastal surface currents. It has been used to determine wind direction. We report further on the ability of multifrequency HF radar to measure the vector wind field and the impact that such measurements have on the measurement of wind fields over coastal land and sea. In this study, we use a year-long 2000-2001 data ... |
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Meteorology
