| NAVO MSRC Navigator. Spring 2006 |
Jan-2006 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MAJOR SHARED RESOURCE CENTER
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 | The NAVO MSRC provides Department of Defense (DoD) scientists and engineers with high performance computing (HPC) resources, including leading edge computational systems, large-scale data storage and archiving, scientific visualization resources and training, and expertise in specific computational technology areas (CTAs). These CTAs include Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Climate/Weather/Ocean Modeling and Simulation (CWO), Environmental Quality Modeling and Simulation (RQM), Computational Electromagnetic and Acoustics (CEA), and Signal/Image Processing (SIP). |
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| Ocean Prediction with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) |
2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Eric P. Chassignet; Harley E. Hurlburt; Ole M. Smedstad; George R. Halliwell; Patrick J. Hogan; Alan J. Wallcraft; Rainer Bleck; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| This chapter provides an overview of the effort centered on the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) to develop an eddy-resolving, real-time global and basin-scale ocean prediction system in the context of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE). The long-term goal is an eddy-resolving, fully global ocean prediction system with data assimilation based on HYCOM to be transitioned to the Naval Oceanographic Office at 1/12 degree equatorial resolution in 2007 ... |
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| The Repopulation of New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina |
2006 |
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| Authors:
Kevin McCarthy; D. J. Peterson; Narayan Sastry; Michael Pollard; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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 | What the future size and composition of the population of New Orleans will be in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina is a topic of intense interest and discussion among current and displaced residents of the city; among policymakers in the City of New Orleans, the State of Louisiana, and the federal government; and within the general public. This report presents population estimates for New Orleans three months, six months, one ... |
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| Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season |
2006 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Curtis; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
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| During the 2004 hurricane season, four hurricanes made landfall within the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers' (USACE) South Atlantic Division. The season was extraordinary considering that these multiple storms were geographically clustered over a 6-week time frame. Hurricane Charley made landfall on the southwest coast of Florida on August 13, 2004. Hurricane Ivan made landfall near Gulf Shores, Alabama, on September 16, 2004. Hurricane Frances came ashore on the central ... |
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| Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire |
2006 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Robert H. Flynn; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PEMBROKE NH
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| This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Hampshire/Vermont Water Science Center for scoping of flood-hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency agreement Number HSFE01-05X-0018. This section of the report explains the objective of the task and the purpose of the reports. FEMA is embarking on a map modernization program nationwide to: 1. Gather and develop updated data for ... |
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| Urban Influences on Convection and Lightning Over Houston |
2006 |
185 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L. Gauthier; ALABAMA UNIV IN HUNTSVILLE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH
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| The research presented in this dissertation addresses a fundamental question regarding urban, ultimately anthropogenic, influences on convection as it relates to lightning production and precipitation structure. In general, inadvertent weather modification hypotheses offered to explain lightning and rainfall anomalies rely on either or both perturbations in the spatial distribution and intensity of convection (from whence warm-season rainfall and lightning emanate), or modification to convective cloud microphysics through aerosol loading over ... |
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| NOGAPS-ALPHA Simulations of the 2002 Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Major Warming |
2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas R. Allen; Lawrence Coy; Stephen D. Eckermann; John P. McCormack; Gloria L. Manney; Timothy F. Hogan; Young-Joon Kim; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC REMOTE SENSING DIV
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| A high-altitude version of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) spectral forecast model is used to simulate the unusual September 2002 Southern Hemisphere stratospheric major warming. Designated as NOGAPS-Advanced Level Physics and High Altitude (NOGAPS-ALPHA), this model extends from the surface to 0.005 hPa (~85 km altitude) and includes modifications to multiple components of the operational NOGAPS system, including a new radiative heating scheme, middle-atmosphere gravity wave drag ... |
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| CHEM2D-OPP: A New Linearized Gas-Phased Ozone Photochemistry Parameterization for HIih-Altitude NWP and Climate Models |
2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
J. P. McCormack; S. D. Eckermann; D. E. Siskind; T. J. McGee; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| The new CHEM2D-Ozone Photochemistry Parameterization (CHEM2D-OPP) for high-altitude numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems and climate models specifies the net ozone photochemical tendency and its sensitivity to changes in ozone mixing ratio, temperature and overhead ozone column based on calculations from the CHEM2D interactive middle atmospheric photochemical transport model. We evaluate CHEM2D-OPP performance using both short-term (6-day) and long-term (1-year) stratospheric ozone simulations with the prototype high-altitude NOGAPS-ALPHA forecast model. An ... |
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| Characterization of the Marine Atmosphere for Free-Space Optical Communication |
2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Linda M. Wasiczko; Christopher I. Moore; Harris R. Burris; Michele Suite; Mena Stell; James Murphy; G. C. Gilbreath; William Rabinovich; William Scharpf; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| The Chesapeake Bay Detachment of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL-CBD) provides an ideal environment for characterizing the effects of the marine atmosphere on free space optical communication links. The site has recently been converted to an operational 10 mile (16.2 km) one-way test range to collect information on propagation statistics in a variety of atmospheric conditions. The results presented here compare the contributions of thermal gradients across the bay to ... |
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| Seasonal Variability of Atlantic Water on the Continental Slope of the Laptev Sea During 2002-2004 |
2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Igor Dmitrenko; Igor Polyakov; Sergey Kirillov; Leonid Timokhov; Harper Simmons; Vladimir Ivanov; David Walsh; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| In 2002-2004 observations carried out on the Laptev Sea continental slope as part of the Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System (NABOS) project are used to study variations of the intermediate (150-800 m) Atlantic water (AW) layer of the Arctic Ocean. At the mooring site, AW exhibits seasonal changes, with higher/lower temperature and salinity in winter/summer. This variability is attributed to the shift of the AW core toward the slope ... |
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| The 1859 Space Weather Event: Then and Now |
2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
E. W. Cliver; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
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| The 1859 space weather event, combining the first solar flare ever reported with arguably the largest geomagnetic storm ever observed, provided a dramatic opening to a new area of Sun-Earth studies. Here I describe solar science at the time of the discovery of the flare, recount the observation, and trace the developments that led to the correct interpretation of the 1859 solar-errestrial event by Bartels in 1937. A "fast forward" ... |
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| Real-Time Forecasting System of Winds, Waves and Surge in Tropical Cyclones |
2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Hans C. Graber; Mark A. Donelan; Michael G. Brown; Donald N. Slinn; Scott C. Hagen; Donald R. Thompson; Robert E. Jensen; Peter G. Black; Mark D. Powell; John L. Guiney; Vincent J. Cardone; Andrew T. Cox; ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE MIAMI FL DIV OF APPLIED MARINE PHYSICS
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| The long-term goal of this partnership is to establish an operational forecasting system of the wind field and resulting waves and surge impacting the coastline during the approach and landfall of tropical cyclones The results of this forecasting system would provide real-time information to the National Hurricane Center during the tropical cyclone season in the Atlantic for establishing improved advisories for the general public and federal agencies including military and ... |
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| SURA Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction Program (SCOOP) |
2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jerry P. Draayer; SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITIES RESEARCH ASSOCIATION WASHINGTON DC
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| The Southeastern University Research Association (SURA) Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction (SCOOP) program includes university, government, and private sector partners working together to implement information technology (IT) solutions. The SCOOP program vision is a modular and distributed system for predicting and visualizing the coastal response to extreme atmospheric events, including the damaging and catastrophic effects of storm surge, inundation, and wind waves. SCOOP program partners are creating the "IT glue" ... |
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| Analysis of Performance Characteristics of the Naval Postgraduate School MWR-05XP Mobile Weather Radar |
01 DEC 2005 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey B. Knorr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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| In 1998, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) and the NPS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE Dept.) collaborated on the acquisition of a mobile radar, the AN/MPQ-64 (Sentinel). This is a modern X-hand, pulse Doppler radar used by the Army for forward area air defense. An SBIR project funded by the Office of Naval Research resulted in a contract to ProSensing ... |
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| Analysis of Performance Characteristics of the MWR-05XP Mobile Weather Radar |
DEC 2005 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey B. Knorr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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| In 1998, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) and the NPS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE Dept.) collaborated on the acquisition of a mobile radar, the AN/MPQ-64 (Sentinel). This is a modern X-band, pulse Doppler radar used by the Army for forward area air defense. An SBIR project funded by the Office of Naval Research resulted in a contract to ProSensing, ... |
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| U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank Long-Term Moored Program. Part 1. Mooring Configuration |
DEC 2005 |
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| Authors:
J. D. Irish; S. Kerry; P. Fucile; R. C. Beardsley; J. Lord; K. H. Brink; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| As part of the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank program, moorings were deployed on Georges Bank as part of the broad-scale survey component to help measure the temporal variability of both physical and biological characteristics on the Bank. The array consisted of a primary mooring site on the Southern Flank which was maintained for the full 5- year duration of the field program, plus secondary moorings, with fewer sensors and ... |
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| NOGAPS-ALPHA Simulations of the 2002 Antarctic Stratospheric Major Warming |
DEC 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
D. R. Allen; S. D. Eckermann; J. P. McCormack; L. Coy; G. L. Manney; T. F. Hogan; Y.-J. Kim; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC REMOTE SENSING DIV
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| A new high-altitude (~0-85 km) version of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) global spectral forecast model has been developed as a joint effort of NRL's Space Science, Remote Sensing, and Marine Meteorology Divisions. This NOGAPS-Advanced Level Physics and High Altitude (NOGAPS-ALPHA) model is formulated with a higher top level than the operational NOGAPS model and with a new hybrid vertical coordinate that transitions from terrain-following in the ... |
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| Current Status and Future Directions in the Use of High-Resolution Atmospheric Models for Support of T&E |
Dec-2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
James Bowers; Elford Astling; Thomas Warner; Scot Swerdlin; Terri Betancourt; ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND UT
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| Right from the beginning of the computer age, high performance computers have been dedicated to weather research and forecasting. ATEC and the National Center for Atmospheric Research have partnered on the development of one of the highest-resolution operational weather-prediction systems in the world, ATEC 4DWX. Weather models need to be closely coupled to special-applications models - transport and diffusion, parachute drift, sound propagation. The mobile version is used to support ... |
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| Hurricane Ivan's Impact Along the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume 86, Number 48 |
29 NOV 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
G. W. Stone; N. D. Walker; S. A. Hsu; A. Babin; B. Liu; B. D. Keim; W. Teague; D. Mitchell; R. Beben; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Just over a year after the landfall of Hurricane Ivan, scientists have now had an opportunity to evaluate a variety of oceanographic and geologic responses to this storm. Hurricanes Ivan, Katrina, and Rita are among the most powertul hurricanes recently to enter the Gulf of Mexico. Although it weakened from a very powertul category 5 hurricane to a category 3 before making landfall along the Alabama coast, Hurricane Ivan devastated ... |
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| Investigating Possible Causative Mechanisms Behind the Houston Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Anomaly |
22 NOV 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L. Gauthier; Walter A. Petersen; ALABAMA UNIV IN HUNTSVILLE
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| Anthropogenic influences such as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and increased aerosol concentrations have been postulated for many years to have an effect on lower tropospheric chemistry, convection, lightning and rainfall. Moreover, these influences have been invoked as possible explanations for the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning anomalies observed over the Houston metropolitan area. In particular, Orville et al. (2001) and Steiger et al. (2002) reported a 45% increase in annual CG ... |
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| Education and Training Issues Related to Major Disasters |
04 NOV 2005 |
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| Authors:
Charmaine Mercer; Richard N. Apling; Paul Irwin; Ann Lordeman; Rebecca R. Skinner; David P. Smole; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| It is estimated that more than 370,000 elementary/secondary school children have been displaced by the recent hurricanes. In addition, it is estimated that approximately 30 institution of higher education (IHEs) in the affected areas have been severely damaged, and nearly 100,000 postsecondary students have been displaced as a result. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the combined direct effect of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on employment probably resulted in the ... |
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| The Vortex Cooled Chamber Wall Engine: A Tamed Tornado |
03 NOV 2005 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew E. Turner; William H. Knuth; AEROJET SACRAMENTO CA
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| The violent winds within tornadoes are among the most powerful forces on the face of the Earth. The Orbital Technologies Corporation (ORBITEC(tm)) of Madison, WI has discovered a way to harness the forces of a powerful tornado-like vortex flow within a new rocket engine where the chamber walls are protected from the fierce heat of combustion by a vortex flow field. This tamed tornado exists today as the vortex cooled ... |
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| Extended-Range Signal Recovery Using Multi-PRI Transmission for Doppler Weather Radars |
01 NOV 2005 |
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| Authors:
John Y. Cho; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON LINCOLN LAB
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| Range-velocity (RV) ambiguity is a source of data quality degradation common to all weather radars. Various methods have been developed in recent years to combat this problem. For example, for the new NEXRAD Open Radar Data Acquisition (ORDA) system, the primary focus for range-overlay separation has been on phase-code transmission and processing techniques. There are, however, conditions under which the phase-code method fails to separate range-overlaid signals, e.g., when the ... |
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| Analysis of the Air Force Equipment Replacement Forecasting Method |
NOV 2005 |
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| Authors:
Douglas J. Blazer; LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT INST MCLEAN VA
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| The Air Force forecasts requirements to replace current in-use Air Force managed support equipment. There are two needs for the replacement forecast: to provide budget estimates for equipment needs 1 7 years into the future, and to execute equipment buy (and repair) actions. The current system does not collect sufficient data to forecast replacements; however, it is not clear if any system could forecast replacement requirements accurately enough to develop ... |
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| Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2006 |
Nov-2005 |
225 pages |
| Authors:
CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE PROGRAM WASHINGTON DC
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| The report describes the activities and plans of the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), which incorporates the U.S. Global Change Research Program, established under the Global Change Research Act of 1990, and the Climate Change Research Initiative, established by the President in 2001. CCSP coordinates and integrates scientific research on climate and global change supported by 13 participating departments and agencies of the U.S. Government. This FY 2006 edition of ... |
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| Dust Abatement Methods for Lines-of-Communication and Base Camps in Temperate Climates |
OCT 2005 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Rushing; Vernon M. Moore; Jeb S. Tingle; Quint Mason; Tim McCaffrey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
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| The U.S. Army Engineer Research and development Center was tasked by the U.S. Marine Corps Systems Command to develop dust control systems for sustainment use on roads and other large-area applications in temperate climates as part of a comprehensive dust abatement program. The project consisted of evaluating various dust palliatives and application procedures during field tests. The products of this effort include equipment recommendations, palliative recommendations, and complete application guidance. ... |
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| Environmental Visualization and Horizontal Fusion |
Oct-2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
D Jones; K Wauchope; J Stroup; J Ballas; D Brown; T Tsui; J Cook; J Olsonbaker; R Carr; K Kerr; L Aker; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| The Environmental Visualization (EVIS) project is a collaborative effort among the Naval Research Laboratory, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, and the Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington. The EVIS team, a multidisciplinary group of physical scientists, computer scientists, and human factors psychologists, is tailoring the weather and oceanographic information provided to military personnel. The participation of the EVIS team in the Horizontal Fusion (HF) program, (sponsored by the Assistant Secretary ... |
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| Introduction to Violent Sun-Earth Connection Events of October-November 2003 |
30 SEP 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
N. Gopalswamy; L. Barbieri; E. W. Cliver; G. Lu; S. P. Plunkett; R. M. Skoug; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
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| The violent solar eruptions of October-November 2003 are one of the best observed outbreaks of intense solar activity to date. These events, referred to as the Halloween storms, are extreme events in terms of both their source properties at the Sun and their heliospheric consequences. The plasma, particle, and electromagnetic consequences of these events were detected at several locations in the heliosphere thanks to the distributed network of spacecraft. Disturbances ... |
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| Correcting for Precipitation Effects in Satellite-Based Passive Microwave Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimates |
28 SEP 2005 |
160 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Wacker; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
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| Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) intensity estimates are best achieved from satellite observations. The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) has operated since 1998 on polar-orbiting environmental satellites and is able to measure the warm temperature anomaly in the upper troposphere above a TC's center. Through hydrostatic equilibrium, this warm anomaly is roughly proportional to the TC's sea-level pressure anomaly. Based on this principle, the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) ... |
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| Earth Radii Used in Numerical Weather Models |
26 SEP 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Louis A. Hembree; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA MARINE METEOROLOGY DIV
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| In the development of numerical atmospheric models, many simplifying assumptions are made. One of the simplifying assumptions is that the Earth can be represented as a sphere. This assumption greatly simplifies the complexity of the resulting equation set that needs to be solved and makes them more tractable. It also reduces the computational cost. The Synthetic Environmental Data Representation and Interface Specification (SEDRIS) Spatial Reference Model (SRM), ISO/IEC 18026, defines ... |
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| Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and the Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration |
26 SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
Jeffrey Zinn; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused widespread damage and destruction to wetlands along the central Gulf Coast. Prior to these hurricanes, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers had been seeking approval from the 109th Congress for a $1.1 billion multiyear program to construct five projects that would help to restore portions of the coastal Louisiana ecosystem by slowing the rate of wetland loss and restoring some wetlands. This funding would also ... |
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| Hurricane Katrina: DOD Disaster Response. CRS Report for Congress |
19 SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
Steve Bowman; Lawrence Kapp; Amy Belasco; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The issue that has received the most attention in post-Katrina discussions is the speed of rescue and relief operations. The Department of Defense's (DOD's) Northern Command began its alert and coordination procedures before Katrina's landfall; however, many deployments did not reach the affected area until days later. An examination of the timeline of DOD's response and the decision points along that timeline could provide insight into whether the response could ... |
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| Collaborative Analysis of CASES-99 Lidar Data |
07 SEP 2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
William Eichinger; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
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| This study deals with the analysis of CASES99 data. Specifically, with elastic and water vapor lidar data and supporting micrometeorological data from sonic anemometers, hygrometers, and long and short wave, upwelling and downwelling radiation fluxes. The analysis has two major parts. The first is the development of algorithms to obtain meteorologically useful information from the lidar data. This part of the study has been reasonably successful, and will generate a ... |
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| New Orleans Levees and Floodwalls: Hurricane Damage Protection |
06 SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
Nicole T. Carter; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Hurricane Katrina's storm surge breached floodwalls and levees surrounding New Orleans, causing widespread inundation and significant damage and hampering rescue and recovery efforts. Flooding from precipitation and storm surges flowing over levees was anticipated because of the hurricane s intensity; however, structural failure of the floodwalls and consequent flooding were uncertain. The immediate engineering and the underlying causes of the breaches are the subject of speculation, and likely will be ... |
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| Tax Deductions for Catastrophic Risk Insurance Reserves: Explanation and Economic Analysis |
02 SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
David L. Brumbaugh; Rawle O. King; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina which struck along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast on August 29, 2005, highlights the fact that the United States continues to be subject to natural hazard risks, primarily weather-related risks such as hurricanes and windstorms, but also seismic risk (earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions) and flood hazard risks. Such natural disaster risks result in deaths, property damage, and economic dislocation. Federal outlays for ... |
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| The Determination of the Aerosol Microphysical Characteristics in the Lower Part of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer from Lidar Data and Accompanying Measurements |
21 SEP 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ilia G. Zolotov; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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| Successful inversions of nephelometer data into the aerosol particle size distributions by the method of mean ordinates 1 encouraged us to apply this method to the data on the oceanic volume scattering function (VSF) obtained during LEO-15 Experiment. The objective of this work is to study the potentials of the method of mean ordinates to invert VSF into the particle size distributions (PSD) of oceanic hydrosol in coastal zones (zones ... |
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| Development and Application of an Evaluation Method for the WRF Mesoscale Model |
SEP 2005 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; Robert Flanigan; Richard Padilla; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
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| This report establishes automated methods of obtaining and archiving initialization and time-dependent lateral condition data for the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) mesoscale model. The data includes Eta forecast data, MADIS surface data, and upper-air sounding data. Statistical analysis methods that compare surface and upper-air data between model calculation and observation have also been established and are described in detail. In this study, the WRF was applied to model domains ... |
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| Retrieval and Assimilation of Storm Characteristics from Both In-Cloud and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Data to Improve Mesoscale Model Forecasts |
SEP 2005 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Donald R. MacGorman; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN
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| To improve the accuracy of regional weather forecasts, we (1) obtained and operated a lightning mapping system that detects all types of lightning to provide data for this project, (2) quantified and tested relationships between lightning and other storm properties that will be useful for assimilation, and (3) developed techniques for assimilating data from all types of lightning into COAMPS. Observational data analysis and storm simulations showed that total lightning ... |
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| Development of a Weather Running Estimate-Nowcast Capability for the U.S. Army IMETS |
SEP 2005 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; Robert Dumais; Richard Okrasinski; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
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| A nowcast/short-range forecast method, over the domains of approximately 100 km by 100 km with grid resolution of 1.5 to 2.0 km, has been developed for the Integrated Meteorological System (IMETS). Meteorological data available in the IMETS, including Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) forecast, surface, and upper-air sounding data, are used for the computation. Three-dimensional distributions of temperature, dew-point temperature, and horizontal wind vector components can be forecasted. The method ... |
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| Climatic Variations of the California Current System: Application of Smart Climatology to the Coastal Ocean |
SEP 2005 |
168 pages |
| Authors:
Joel W. Feldmeier; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The Northern Oscillation Index (NOI), an atmospheric climate index relating climate variations in the tropical Pacific and Northeast Pacific was used to selectively average output from the Parallel Ocean Climate Model (POCM 4C) for 1979-1998. Composites, or smart climatologies, were made representing El Nino (EN) and La Nina (LN) conditions, as well as a long-term mean (LTM) average or traditional climatology, for November to March. Conditions in the California Current ... |
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| The Impacts of Weather Forecasts on Military Operations: A System for Conducting Quantitative Near-Real Time Analyses |
SEP 2005 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Butler; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| We have developed, tested, and operationally implemented a web based system for collecting and analyzing in near-real time weather forecast and observational data to assess: (a) the performance of forecasts; and (b) the operational impacts of forecasts. A major goal of the system is to quantify the impacts of weather forecasts on the planning execution and outcomes of military operations. Our tests and implementation were focused on the METOC support ... |
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| Accuracy of Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Intensity Guidance |
SEP 2005 |
141 pages |
| Authors:
Tara D. Lambert; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Five statistical and dynamical tropical cyclone intensity guidance techniques available at the National Hurricane Center during the 2003 and 2004 Atlantic and eastern North Pacific seasons were evaluated within three intensity phases: (i) formation; (ii) early intensification; and (iii) decay. During the formation phase the Decay Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction (DSHIPS) technique was the best technique in both basins. When the forecast errors during formation exceed +/- 10 kt the ... |
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| Analysis of High-Resolution COAMPS (Trademark) With Observed METOC Data to Demonstrate Atmospheric Impact on EM Propagation |
SEP 2005 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Richard M. Murphy; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
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| Current U.S. Navy Special Warfare and submarine concepts of operations (CONOPS) dictate that in-situ environmental data collection is limited or not possible. Therefore, predicted data from operational models, such as the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), are essential to estimate the impacts of environmental conditions on the detection of enemy targets and counter-detection by radar and optical sensors. This study compares the use of high-resolution COAMPS data and ... |
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| Development of a Weather Radar Signal Simulator to Examine Sampling Rates and Scanning Schemes |
SEP 2005 |
175 pages |
| Authors:
Ulf P. Schroder; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF INFORMATIONAL SCIENCES
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| A weather radar signal simulator that produces an output consisting of a vector of I and Q values representing the radar return permits investigation of the performance of different estimators for the weather signal parameters and their sensitivity when varying radar parameters and precipitation models. Although several empirical statistical models are available to describe precipitation behavior, the creation of a physical model enables adaptation to actual data (e.g. rain rate, ... |
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| Ionospheric Modeling: Development, Verification and Validation |
SEP 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Patricia H. Doherty; BOSTON COLL CHESTNUT HILL MA INST FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
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| Much of the work performed this year has been directly related to the validation of the Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) model. Summaries of these efforts are in 26 reports available within the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) on http://dd175/gaim/. Studies were also initiated to enhance the development of high-quality GPS data products and to validate the ability of the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) onboard the Defense ... |
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| Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling |
SEP 2005 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
John Hallett; Matt Bailey; DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV
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| Laser beam propagation through the earth's atmosphere is influenced by absorption and scattering by ice crystals as occur in cirrus clouds. New instruments (cloudscopes) and laboratory chambers (thermal diffusion, fall tower) have been designed and built to characterize and simulate such crystals to measure absorption and scatter of laser beams. The cloudscope, deployed for aircraft or laboratory use, collects and video-records ice crystals to provide a measure of their size, ... |
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| Surface Fluxes under Weak Wind Conditions |
31 AUG 2005 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Larry Mahrt; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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| We have examined each of a number of physical mechanisms thought to be important for weak wind conditions by collecting aircraft and tower data in both open-ocean and fetch- limited conditions. This investigation relied on eddy-correlation data from both aircraft and towers. Our contention is that existing analyses for weak wind situations are often strongly influenced by observational errors and analyses problems, which have been given special emphasis in this ... |
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| The Four Florida Hurricanes of 2004 and Their Impact on the Fleet |
15 AUG 2005 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Peter M. Klein; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| In 2004, four hurricanes (Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne) made landfall in the United States within 6 weeks. Each of these storms posed significant challenges to forecasters and Navy Fleet Commanders alike, particularly with respect to making sortie decisions and preparing Naval Stations for the approach of destructive weather. Sortie decisions are now based on the location of >50 kt wind and >12 ft seas, and unnecessary sorties are viewed ... |
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| Wavenumber Spectrum of Intermediate-Scale Ocean Surface Waves |
10 AUG 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Hwang; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| This paper presents an analysis of the wavenumber spectra of intermediate-scale waves (wavelengths between 0.02 and 6 meters) under various sea-state conditions. The main result of the analysis is that the dependence of the dimensionless wave spectrum on the dimensionless wind-friction velocity follows a power-law function. The coefficient and exponent of the power-law function vary systematically with the wavenumber. The wavenumber dependence of the coefficient and exponent serves as an ... |
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| Tactical Environmental Data Services (TEDServices) Post FBE-K Technical Execution Report |
08 AUG 2005 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth G. Warner; Roy V. Ladner; Udaykiran Katikaneni; Frank P. McCreedy; John T. Sample; Kevin B. Shaw; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOSCIENCES DIV
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| This report reviews the technical execution of the Tactical Environmental Data Services (TEDServices) in the context of the Fleet Battle Experiment-Kilo (FBE-K). The report includes a comprehensive description of TEDServices features executed in FBE-K. Also detailed are high-level TEDServices concepts and software components as well as operational concepts and specific data flow scenarios. |
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Meteorology
