| Relationships Between Global Warming and Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Western North Pacific |
SEP 2007 |
163 pages |
| Authors:
David W. Meyer; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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 | In this work, we investigate the relationships between global warming and tropical cyclone activity in the Western North Pacific (WNP). Our hypothesis is that global warming impacts on TC activity occur through changes in the large scale environmental factors (LSEFs) known to be important in determining the formation and intensity of TCs. The LSEFs on which we focus are: Sea surface temperature (SST) exceeding 26C Weak vertical shear in horizontal ... |
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| Urban-Small Building Complex Environment: Comparing Stable Patterns from Two Similar Urban Field Studies, Volume AS-1 |
SEP 2007 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Gail Vaucher; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
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| The urban stability cycles are not clearly defined. This technical report investigates the urban stability cycle through the use of statistical and empirical observations. These observations are gleaned from two independent urban data sets acquired around a common building complex. The text includes the general features of the test site and a description of the two data sets: WSMR 2003 Urban Study (W03US) and WSMR 2005 Urban Study (W05US). Earlier ... |
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| Contract Administration of the Ice Delivery Contract between International American Products, Worldwide Services and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during the Hurricane Katrina Recovery Effort |
24 AUG 2007 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Richard B. Jolliffe; Bruce A. Burton; Deborah L. Culp; Bobbie S. Wan; Gary B. Dutton; Jeffrey L. Steinbauer; Rachel L. Herman; Jonathan M. Kistler; Meredith H. Johnson; INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA
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| The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Principal Assistant Responsible for Contracting requested a review on the administration of the ice delivery process between International American Products, Worldwide Services and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Charleston District did not effectively administer the 2003 ice delivery contract for the Hurricane Katrina recovery effort. The Corps Charleston District did not provide adequate training and guidance for ... |
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| Environmental Evaluation of Dust Stabilizer Products |
AUG 2007 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery Steevens; Burton Suedel; Alfreda Gibson; Alan Kennedy; William Blackburn; David Splichal; J. T. Pierce; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| Personnel of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS, and Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC), Portsmouth, VA, evaluated the environmental fate and effects of six commercially available dust stabilizer products. As part of the evaluation, a relative risk comparison was made of the six materials to other materials that have been used historically to control dusts (i.e., diesel, crude oil, fuel oil). Data for this evaluation ... |
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| Wave and Beach Processes Modeling for Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay, Texas, Shoreline Erosion Feasibility Study |
AUG 2007 |
164 pages |
| Authors:
David B. King; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
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| This report describes the STWAVE/GENESIS modeling, the SBEACH modeling, and the related technical analysis that the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center's Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory has provided the U.S. Army Engineer District, Galveston, in support of their feasibility project: Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay, Texas Shoreline Erosion Feasibility Study. The main goal of this effort has been to set up and calibrate the numerical models so that they ... |
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| Whole Sky Imaging of Clouds in the Visible and IR for Starfire Optical Range |
31 JUL 2007 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Janet E. Shields; Monette Karr; Art R. Burden; Richard W. Johnson; William S. Hodgkiss; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE PHYSICAL LAB
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| This report describes the work done for the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland Air Force Base under Contract N00014-01-D-043 DO #11, between 02 September 2004 and 30 April 2006. This work relates to the Air Force's need to characterize the cloud distribution during day and night, for a variety of applications, including support of research into impact of clouds on laser communication and support of satellite tracking. This contract followed Contract ... |
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| Atmospheric Effects of the Total Solar Eclipse of 4 December 2002 Simulated with a High-Altitude Global Model |
25 JUL 2007 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
S. D. Eckermann; D. Broutman; M. T. Stollberg; J. Ma; J. P. McCormack; T. F. Hogan; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV
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| The atmosphere s response to the total solar eclipse of 4 December 2002 is studied using a prototype high-altitude global numerical weather prediction model (NOGAPS-ALPHA). Local reductions in solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the eclipse are estimated using astronomical calculations of umbral and penumbral surface trajectories and observed solar limb darkening at ~ 200-300 nm. In NOGAPS-ALPHA these UV eclipse shadows yield stratospheric radiative cooling rate footprints peaking near 27 ... |
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| Spatial Averaging of Oceanic Rainfall Variability Using Underwater Sound. Ionian Sea Rainfall Experiment 2004: Acoustic Component |
JUL 2007 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey A. Nystuen; Eyal Amitai; Emmanuel N. Anagnostou3; Marios N. Anagnostou; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| An experiment to evaluate the inherent spatial averaging of the underwater acoustic signal from rainfall was conducted in the winter of 2004 in the Ionian Sea southeast of the coast of Greece. A mooring with four passive aquatic listeners (PALs) at 60, 200, 100, and 2000 m was deployed at 36.85 deg. N, 21.52 deg. E, 17 km west of a dual-polarization X-band coastal radar (XPOL) at Methoni, Greece. A ... |
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| Wind Profiles in Gentle Terrains and Vegetative Canopies for a Three-Dimensional Wind Field (3DWF) Model |
JUL 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Yansen Wang; Ronald Cionco; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES DIR
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| The objective of this study is to establish a simple wind profile parameterization for the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's (ARL) diagnostic Three-Dimensional Wind Field (3DWF) Model in gentle terrain and vegetation canopies. The Project Wind in Non-uniform Domains (WIND) data was applied for the analysis of wind profiles in open terrain, forest edge, and the interior of forest. A wind profile parameterization scheme was proposed according to this analysis and ... |
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| Laboratory Study of Wind Effect on Runup over Fringing Reefs. Report 1. Data Report |
JUL 2007 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Zeki Demirbilek; Okey G. Nwogu; Donald L. Ward; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| The report describes experimental data obtained from a wind-wave flume study conducted August-September 2006 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI. The study objectives were two-fold: to quantify wind effects on wave runup on fringing reefs of the Pacific Island of Guam and to obtain detailed wave data along a complex reef system consisting of steep slopes and shallow areas for validating wave breaking, dissipation, wave setup and ... |
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| Development of Novel Instrumentation to Characterize Aerosol Insets and Cloud Particles |
JUL 2007 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Lawson; SPEC INC BOULDER CO
|
| SPEC Incorporated was contracted in Phase II by the Office of Naval Research to develop innovative new technology to measure the size, shape and concentration of water drops and ice particles in clouds. This effort included the main SBIR Phase II contract and two options. The principal objectives of the main SBIR phase II contract and its two options are: Main Contract: Development of a 2D-S (Stereo) cloud particle imaging ... |
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| Comprehensive Solar-Terrestrial Environment Model (COSTEM) for Space Weather Predictions |
JUL 2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Tamas I. Gombosi; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| Our team proposed the development of a modular, adaptive, parallel software framework for modeling the Sun-Earth system. The goal of the project was the development of a large-scale model of the solar-terrestrial environment allowing a fuller understanding of space weather and a framework to test theories and investigate the broad implications of new observations. Particular attention was to be devoted to CME formation, propagation, and interaction with the magnetosphere; SEP ... |
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| The Adriatic Circulation Experiment Winter 2002/2003 Mooring Data Report:: A Case Study in ADCP Data Processing |
26 JUN 2007 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W. Book; Henry Perkins; Richard P. Signell; Mark Wimbush; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| We present a case study of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data processing for long-term coastal deployments, using data collected by the Naval Research Laboratory and the NATO Undersea Research Centre from 14 trawl-resistant bottom moorings (BARNYs) during winter 2002/2003 across the northern Adriatic Sea. New methods were developed to maximize data quality and quantity. The data were truncated moving with the sea surface instead of using a constant level. ... |
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| Modeling of Upwelling/Relaxation Events with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model |
26 JUN 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Igor Shulman; John Kindle; PAUL MARTIN; Sergio deRada; Jim Doyle; Brad Penta; Stephanie Anderson; Francisco Chavez; Jeff Paduan; Steve Ramp; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is a free-surface, primitive-equation model that is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The NCOM-based model of the Monterey Bay area is evaluated during a series of upwelling and relaxation wind events in August-September of 2000. The model receives open boundary conditions from a regional NCOM implementation of the California Current System and surface fluxes from the Navy Coupled Ocean/ Atmosphere Mesoscale ... |
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| Evaluation of WRF Performance for Depicting Orographically-Induced Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere |
15-Jun-2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas C Hahn; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Orographically-induced gravity (buoyancy) waves can propagate through the tropopause to the lower stratosphere causing disruptions to high altitude aircraft operations. To forecast this high altitude turbulence (HAT) in real time, there is a need to determine optimal model nesting, vertical resolution, upper boundary conditions and diffusion to be able to detect these situations. Besides investigating the above mentioned model options, the WRF-ARW will be closely configured to the operational version ... |
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| Operational Forecasting Capabilities Supporting Preparatory Sustainment Battle Command |
01-Jun-2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey Schamburg; Louis A Costa; Paul Sanchez; Leroy Jackson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Partial contents: Problem Statement, Defining Sustainment Battle Command, The Future Force, The Model, Nearly Orthogonal Latin Hypercube (NOLH), The Design of Experiments, Results, The Way Ahead |
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| A Networked Interactive Meteorological Modeling and Sensing System |
01-Jun-2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
James Cogan; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
| SUMMARY * A combined multi-model and sensor system can provide essential information on the state of the atmosphere and short term predictions for operations, CBNRE defense, and natural or man-made emergencies. * The system can serve as an R&D test-bed, a means for rapid testing of sensor or model prototypes, or as a local meteorological center. * The modular design allows the flexibility to handle the addition, subtraction, or replacement/upgrade ... |
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| Coastal Ocean Models as Planning Tools: A Case Study from Hurricane Katrina Storm Surge |
01-Jun-2007 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Cheryl Ann Blain; Thomas C Massey; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The passage of Hurricane Katrina over the Mississippi Gulf coast has highlighted the need for and versatility of coastal ocean models as planning tools. In the case of hurricane storm surge, predicted water level maps from coastal models are sought to guide redevelopments as well as formulate future store surge mitigation strategies. |
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| Medical Course of Action Tool-Disaster (MCOAT-D) |
01-Jun-2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce Shahbaz; ALTARUM INST ALEXANDRIA VA
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| An introduction to the development of a prototype casualty estimation and medical workload planning tool. |
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| Quantifying IWEDA Rules: How Red is Red? |
01-Jun-2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Shirkey; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE
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| IWEDA stands for the Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aid. It is a collection of system rules with associated critical values for aiding the commander select an appropriate platform, system or sensor under given weather conditions. Results are displayed via a red/amber/green color matrix overlaid on a background. |
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| Evaluation of WRF Performance for Depicting Orographically-Induced Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere |
JUN 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas C. Hahn; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Orographically-induced gravity (buoyancy) waves can propagate through the tropopause to the lower stratosphere causing disruptions to high altitude aircraft operations. In order to forecast this high altitude turbulence (HAT) in real time, there is a need to determine optimal model nesting, vertical structure, upper boundary conditions and diffusion to be able to detect these situations. Besides investigating the abovementioned model options, the WRF-ARW will be closely configured to the operational ... |
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| A Satellite Based Fog Study of the Korean Peninsula |
JUN 2007 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
David K. McDonald; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Fog has always been a difficult phenomenon to forecast. Its unpredictable nature and propensity to quickly decrease visibilities have had adverse effects on military operations for many years across the Korean peninsula. It is particularly difficult to prepare forecasts or plan operations for remote locations with limited fog detection ability. For detection at night, over large areas, and in remote locations, satellite observations are the best solution. This thesis used ... |
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| The Value of Numerical Forecast Products in Improving Tactical Air Delivery Methods |
JUN 2007 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Rost; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This thesis investigates the development of an agent-based system to analyze meteorological model data and generate statistics for comparison purposes. With it, it is possible to research the value and level of improvement when utilizing different levels of atmospheric-model resolution for guidance in tactical decision aids. Our agent-based system automates the comparison of model data at a location in the model field with environmental data extracted from sensor data obtained ... |
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| Eastern North Carolina Marine Corps Forces and Installations High Intensity Hurricane Evacuation Decision Support |
JUN 2007 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Taylor; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Eastern North Carolina Marine Corps Forces and Installations (ENCMCFI) is located on the Atlantic coast of North Carolina and is therefore vulnerable to a major hurricane. Base commanders must weigh the substantial costs of evacuation approximately $30-$50M for a full evacuation against the risk posed by the effects of the storm if personnel are not evacuated. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a decision aid for base commanders ... |
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| Acoustic Tomography of the Atmosphere |
31 MAY 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
V. E. Ostashev; G. H. Goedecke; NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV LAS CRUCES
|
| In this project, theoretical foundations for construction and operation of the state-of-the-art array for acoustic tomography of the atmosphere were developed. (The array was built at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory under the ARO sponsorship, project DAAD19-03-1-0341.) First, the travel times of sound propagation between different pairs of sources and receivers of the array were expressed in terms of the temperature and wind velocity fields within the tomographic volume. Then, a ... |
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| Fine-Resolution Satellite-Based Sea Surface Temperatures over the Global Ocean |
22 MAY 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
A. B. Kara; C. N. Barron; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The accuracy and relative merits of two sets of daily global sea surface temperature (SST) analyses are examined and compared. The 1/8 Modular Ocean Data Analysis System (MODAS) of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is based only on infrared satellite retrievals. The 1/2 Real-Time, Global (RTG) SST analysis of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) supplements infrared satellite observations with ship and buoy data. The accuracy of both products ... |
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| Which Near-Surface Atmospheric Variable Drives Air-Sea Temperature Difference over the Global Ocean? |
15 MAY 2007 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
A. B. Kara; Harley E. Hurlburt; W.-Y. Loh; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| This paper investigates the influence of atmospheric variables (net solar radiation, wind speed, precipitation and vapor mixing ratio, all of which are at or near the sea surface) on the annual and seasonal cycle of near surface air minus sea surface temperature (Tair-Tsst) over the global ocean. The importance order of these variables is discussed using several statistical methods and two global data sets. After demonstrating that neither Tair nor ... |
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| Gravity-Wave Dynamics in the Atmosphere |
01 MAY 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Triantaphyllos R. Akylas; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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 | The flow of wind over mountain ranges is believed to be one of the primary generation mechanisms of atmospheric gravity waves. Mountain gravity waves contribute to the production of stratospheric turbulence, a potential cause of accidents in high-altitude aircraft flights. In an effort to advance the current capabilities of forecasting stratospheric turbulence, theoretical models have been developed for the generation and breakdown of mountain gravity waves under realistic conditions, including ... |
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| Humidity's Influence on Visible Region Refractive Index Structure Parameter Cn2 |
01 MAY 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Mark P. Chang; Carlos O. Font; G. C. Gilbreath; Eun Oh; PUERTO RICO UNIV MAYAGUEZ DEPT OF PHYSICS
|
| In the near-infrared and visible bandpasses optical propagation theory conventionally assumes that humidity does not contribute to the effects of atmospheric turbulence on optical beams. While this assumption may be reasonable for dry locations, we demonstrate that there is an unequivocal effect owing to the presence of humidity upon the strength of turbulence parameter, Cn 2, from data collected in the Chesapeake Bay area over 100 m length horizontal propagation ... |
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| Enhancement of Near-Real-Time Cloud Analysis and Related Analytic Support for Whole Sky Imagers |
MAY 2007 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Janet E. Shields; Monette E. Karr; Art R. Burden; Richard W. Johnson; William S. Hodgkiss; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE PHYSICAL LAB
|
| This report describes the work done for the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland Air Force Base under Contract N00014-01-D-043 DO #4, between 25 May 01 and 31 September 06. This work relates to the Air Force s need to characterize the cloud distribution during day and night, for a variety of applications, including support of satellite tracking, and support of research into impact of clouds on laser communication. This contract followed ... |
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| Upper-Ocean Response to Hurricane Ivan in a 1/25 degree Nested Gulf of Mexico HYCOM |
18 APR 2007 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
T. G. Prasad; Patrick J. Hogan; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| A 20-layer, 1/25 degree nested Gulf of Mexico (GoM) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been employed to examine the evolving three-dimensional ocean response to Hurricane Ivan during 14-16 September 2004. Results from several combinations of numerical experiments with and without assimilation of satellite-altimetry sea-surface height (SSH) are being analyzed and compared for the September 2004 hurricane period. A comparison of simulated zonal and meridional velocities using data assimilation shows ... |
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| Financial Management of Hurricane Katrina Relief Efforts at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |
06 APR 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Paul J. Granetto; Patricia A. Marsh; Lorin T. Pfeil; Pauletta P. Battle; Shaneen J. Beamish; Theresa S. Hull; Leilani M. Melendez; Erin S. Hart; INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA
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| This report discusses the accounting and reporting of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reimbursable funding authority as well as funding received from Congress to support Hurricane Katrina relief efforts at the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). USACE is the nation's primary Federal engineering agency. USACE also provides technical advice to State and Federal officials by inspecting and assessing damaged areas. On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made ... |
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| Probabilistic Weather Forecasting for Winter Road Maintenance |
03 APR 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Veronica J. Berrocal; Adrian ?E. Raftery; Tilmann Gneiting; Richard C. Steed; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE DEPT OF STATISTICS
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| Road maintenance is one of the main problems Departments of Transportation face during winter time. Anti-icing, i.e. applying chemicals to the road to prevent ice formation, is often used to keep the roads free of ice. Given the preventive nature of anti-icing, accurate predictions of road ice are needed. Currently, anti-icing decisions are usually based on deterministic weather forecasts. However the costs of the two kinds of error are highly ... |
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| Wind Speed Variability over the Marmara Sea |
APR 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Ahmet B. Kara; Alan J. Wallcraft; Ewa Jarosz; Mark Bourassa; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Between 2000 and 2006, wind speed measurements were collected over the Marmara Sea by the SeaWinds scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite at a spatial resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 degrees. Relatively small interannual variability was noted in monthly mean wind speeds. Typically. wind speed during the summer was weaker by approximately 2 m/s than that observed in winter. This remotely sensed wind data set is intended for various air-sea interaction ... |
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| Multi-Model Super-Ensemble Ocean Prediction: An Operational Example Using a Kalman Filter in the Adriatic Sea |
APR 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Michel Rixen; Jeffery W. Book; Paul J. Martin; Nadia Pinardi; Paolo Oddo; Jacopo Chiggiato; Nello Russo; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Multi-model Super-Ensembles (SE) aim at combining optimally different models. A dynamic Kalman Filter version of this technique was applied to a unique set of in-situ data and operational ocean models during the Dynamics of the Adriatic in Real-Time (DART) field experiment. The technique was shown to significantly improve forecasting skills. |
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| Wind Speed Accuracy Near the Coastal Boundaries of the Mediterranean Sea |
APR 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Birol Kara; Alan S. Wallcraft; Harley E. Hurlburt; E. J. Metzger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The atmospheric model grid from NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) products tend to include land values over the ocean in near coastal regions. This is due to improper land-masks of the NWP products. causing serious errors in wind speed for coastal applications. Possible corrections are introduced to overcome such problems. |
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| Application of Creeping Sea-Fill Methodology to the Wind Speed over the Caspian Sea |
APR 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Murat Gunduz; Ahmet B. Kara; Alan J. Wallcraft; E. J. Metzger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Numerical weather prediction (NWP) products include possible errors near coastal regions. The effects of such errors on near-surface wind speed, which is one of the critical variables for coastal applications, are investigated over the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, a creeping sea-fill methodology developed by Kara, Wallcraft, and Hurlburt was applied to the coarse resolution (1.125 degrees x 1.125 degrees) wind speed data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range ... |
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| Spectral Analysis of Polarimetric Weather Radar Data With Multiple Processes in a Resolution Volume |
Apr-2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Svetlana Bachmann; Victor DeBrunner; Dusan Zrnic; Mark Yeary; COOPERATIVE INST FOR MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL STUDIES NORMAN OK
|
| A new approach for the clear air velocity estimation in weather radar is presented. A combination of nonparametric with parametric spectral analyses allows us to identify and extract multiple processes caused by different scatterer types within a single radar resolution volume. An example of clear air observed using an S-band dual polarization radar is presented. Heretofore, migrating birds and wind-blown insects that are mixed within each resolution volume caused such ... |
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| Preview of Our Changing Planet. The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2008 |
Apr-2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
William J Brennan; Jacqueline Schafer; Joel Scherage; Harlan Watson; George Banks; Melissa Brandt; Stephen Eule; Katharine Gebbie; Margaret R McCalla; Patrick Neale; Mark Myers; Jack Kaye; Allen Dearry; Jerry Elwood; Mary Glackin; Paricia Gruber; William Hohenstein; Linda Lawson; Jarvis Moyer; Gene Whitney; CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE PROGRAM WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) incorporates and integrates the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) with the Administration's U.S. Climate Change Research Initiative (CCRI). The Preview of Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2008 provides a timely and brief description of the plans for FY 2008 as well as a summary of recent accomplishments, and is intended to support CCSP-related elements of the ... |
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| Bottom-Up Determination of Air-Sea Momentum Exchange Under a Major Tropical Cyclone |
23 MAR 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Ewa Jarosz; Douglas A. Mitchell; David W. Wang; William J. Teague; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| As a result of increasing frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, an accurate forecasting of cyclone evolution and ocean response is becoming even more important to reduce threats to lives and property in coastal regions. To improve predictions, accurate evaluation of the air-sea momentum exchange is required. Using current observations recorded during a major tropical cyclone, we have estimated this momentum transfer from the ocean side of the air-sea interface, ... |
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| Weather Impacts on the Aerostar Unmanned Aircraft System Based on Climatology over the U.S./Mexico Border |
MAR 2007 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara Sauter; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
| Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) are becoming more prevalent performing both military and non-military functions. One potential function for a UAS is monitoring along the U.S./Mexico border. This report documents the percentage of time various weather parameters might be expected to degrade the performance of an Aerostar or similar UAS over the border regions based primarily on Advanced Climate Modeling and Environmental Simulations (ACMES) modeled climatology as well as other climatology ... |
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| High Resolution Mesoscale Weather Data Improvement to Spatial Effects for Dose-Rate Contour Plot Predictions |
MAR 2007 |
147 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher P. Jones; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Reanalysis weather data is obtained for dates surrounding historical nuclear tests and processed through Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) software to produce a high-resolution weather forecast. Output from RAMS is visualized to check for validity and input into Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) software and modeled predictions are compared to historical observation data. Simulations are conducted using constant high resolution weather and varying terrain resolution. The HPAC prediction is ... |
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| Assessment of Optical Turbulence Profiles Derived From Probabilistic Climatology |
MAR 2007 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Brett W. Wisdom; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research e ort assesses the performance of the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) Climatological C2noptical turbulence model. Path-integrated C2nvalues of two HELEEOS optical turbulence pro les at 3 distinct operational altitudes are compared to values determined from measured thermosonde data. HELEEOS desert and mid-latitude sites are selected from the Extreme and Percentile Environmental Reference Tables (ExPERT) database for comparison to the thermosonde data. Statistical equivalence of the ... |
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| The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response to Small-Scale Atmospheric Jets |
MAR 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Michael A. Spall; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| The long-term goal of this project is to better understand the general problem of ocean-atmosphere interaction on small space and time scales. The present study has focused on gaining a better understanding the coupled response to small-scale atmospheric jets and oceanic surface fronts that are commonly observed near orographic features such as islands and mountain passes. The atmospheric response to sharp SST gradients has been explored in the strong wind ... |
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| The Chaos of Katrina |
MAR 2007 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Morris Gerald W.; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This thesis presents a case study of federal logistics support during Hurricane Katrina disaster relief operations. Data from federal contracts covering the first 10 weeks of Katrina are used to measure federal logistics activity. The study investigates whether chaos theory, part of complexity science, can extract information from Katrina contracting data to help managers make better logistics decisions during disaster relief operations. The study uses three analytical techniques: embedding, fitting ... |
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| Downstream Impacts Due to the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific |
MAR 2007 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan M. Dea; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Analysis of the eddy kinetic energy budget for four cases of extratropical transition (ET) with North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) is conducted. The cases compare varying ET and midlatitude flow characteristics. Each case was examined to determine the impacts of eddy kinetic energy generation and/or transfer on downstream development in the midlatitude circulation. Typhoon Tokage (October 2004) was a large TC that moved into a high-amplitude midlatitude circulation. Energetics analysis ... |
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| Severe Weather Forecasting for Laughlin AFB, TX |
MAR 2007 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Eric J. Cercone; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| A sounding climatology of a variety of parameters commonly used to forecast deep, moist convection using upper-air observations is developed. The data set includes 0000 and 1200 UTC rawinsonde data (approximately 3629 soundings) from Laughlin AFB, TX from April September 1995 2004. Cloud-to-ground lightning data, surface observations, and severe weather reports from the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) SeverePlot2 Program were used to categorize soundings as representative of conditions for no ... |
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| A Detailed Study of Advection Sea Fog Formation to Reduce the Operational Impacts Along the Northern Gulf of Mexico |
MAR 2007 |
112 pages |
| Authors:
Jason M. King; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This study creates rules of thumb for forecasting advection sea fog development and dissipation along the northern Gulf of Mexico for the months of December through March. Surface observations from Tyndall AFB, Destin- Fort Walton Beach Airport, Eglin AFB, Hurlburt Field and Keesler AFB were used in conjunction with the National Data Buoy Center's marine sensors to determine the low-level atmospheric state and the sea surface temperatures during advection sea ... |
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| Evaluation of High Density Surface Observations in Complex Terrain and Their Contribution to the MM5 Model |
MAR 2007 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Paul B. Homan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This study evaluates the data assimilation capabilities of Three Dimensional Multiquadric Interpolation (3DMQ) and the MM5 model when incorporating mesoscale observations from the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) High Wind Alert system (HWAS). These mesoscale observations are incorporated into a triple nested (12, 4, and 1.33 km) high resolution model simulation and evaluated for their impact upon analyzed and forecasted wind values at USAFA during a severe down slope ... |
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| A Weighted Consensus Approach to Tropical Cyclone 96-H and 120-H Track Forecasting |
MAR 2007 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
James R. Hughes; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| A long-range (96 h-120 h) weighted position consensus for tropical cyclone tracks is evaluated for 24 western North Pacific storms in 2006. The first weighted position technique simply weights the 96-h, 108-h, and 120-h dynamical model positions inversely to their distances from the 60-h, 66-h, and 72-h consensus positions. The second weighted consensus technique uses the same weighting factors but is applied to the forecast motion vectors to assess 96 ... |
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Meteorology
