| Using the Advanced Research Version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) to Forecast Turbulence at Small Scales |
01-Sep-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey E Passner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
 | The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has an interest in high spatial and temporal resolution weather output with an emphasis on products that assist warfighter decision aids and applications in battlefield environments. This model study was done in support of the short-range Army tactical analysis/nowcasting system called the Weather Running Estimate-Nowcast (WRE-N) as well as for longer-range forecasting support. The model utilized to investigate fine-scale weather processes, the Advanced Research ... |
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| White Sands Missile Range 2007 Urban Study: Data Processing - Volume DP-1 (Sonic Calibration) |
01-Sep-2008 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Manuel Bustillos; Sean D'Arcy; Robert Brice; Gail Vaucher; Ron Cionco; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES DIR
|
| Calibrating sensors is an important step in determining the confidence one has in the quality of data acquired. Without access to a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) wind tunnel facility, side-by-side relative calibration (against a NIST calibrated sensor) is an alternate method for calibrating meteorological sensors. For the White Sands Missile Range 2007 Urban Study (W07US), a Pre- and Post-W07US calibration was conducted on the 27 ultrasonic anemometers ... |
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| Design and Implementation of an Active Calibration System for Weather Radars |
01-Sep-2008 |
177 pages |
| Authors:
Jason M Phillips; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Pulsed weather radars can be used to depict meteorological conditions such as rainfall rate and wind velocity. These quantities are calculated from measurements of reflectivity, mean radial velocity and velocity spread using echo signal samples from weather targets. These radar measurements derive from modified radio frequency (RF) echo signal parameters, including amplitude, frequency and phase, returned to the radar from the weather target. RF scattering and propagation effects modily echo ... |
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| A Probabilistic Approach to Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (TCCOR) |
01-Sep-2008 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth A Wallace; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (TCCOR) are set at DoD installations in the Western Pacific to convey the risk associated with the onset of destructive winds from approaching tropical cyclones. In this thesis, the methods by which TCCOR are set were analyzed to determine if objective and/or probabilistic guidance could improve the process. The Tropical Prediction Utility (TPU) was developed by forecasters at Yokosuka, JA and the Joint Typhoon Warning ... |
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| Smart Climatology Applications for Undersea Warfare |
01-Sep-2008 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Allon Turek; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Undersea warfare operations especially sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) are sensitive to small changes in the ocean environment. Variations in both atmospheric and oceanic conditions on monthly to decadal scales can have significant impacts on U.S. Navy operations in the undersea environment. Climate databases presently used in U.S. Navy tactical decision aids (TDAs) are based on less than optimal data sets and long term mean (LTM) climatologies that are unable ... |
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| Wave Climate and Littoral Sediment Transport Study for Virginia Beach, VA - Rudee Inlet to Cape Henry, Hydraulic Model Study |
01-Sep-2008 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Briggs; Edward F Thompson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| The Norfolk District is preparing an Environmental Assessment for the use of sand sources off the coast of Cape Henry for future maintenance of the Virginia Beach, VA, shoreline. The primary purpose is to maintain a buffer for hurricane protection for structures landward of the existing beach. The Cape Henry Borrow Area is being considered as a sand source. The plan borrow scenario involves removing approximately 34.2 M cu yd ... |
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| Upper-Ocean Thermal Structure and the Western North Pacific Category 5 Typhoons. Part 1. Ocean Features and the Category 5 Typhoons' Intensification |
Sep-2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Dong-Shan Ko; I -I Lin; Chun-Chien Wu; Iam-Fei Pun; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Category 5 cyclones are the most intense & devastating cyclones on earth. With increasing observations of category 5 cyclones, such as Hurricane Katrina (2005), Rita (2005), Mitch (1998), and Supertyphoon Maemi (2003) found to intensify on warm ocean features (i.e., regions of positive sea surface height anomalies detected by satellite altimeters), there is great interest in investigating the role ocean features play in the intensification of category 5 cyclones. Based ... |
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| Web Access of Meteorological and Oceanographic Data |
Sep-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Roy Ladner; Frederick E Petry; Bruce Lin; Richard Sween; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MAPPING CHARTING AND GEODESY BRANCH
|
| Web Services are becoming the standard technology used to share data for many Navy and other DoD operations. These enable an automated capability to obtain and integrate data for data fusion. However assimilation of data from Web-based sources means that differences in schema and terminology prevent simple querying and retrieval of data. Thus, machine understanding of the Web Services interface is necessary for automated selection and invocation of the correct ... |
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| Quality of Archived NDBC Data as Climate Records |
Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Chung-Chu Teng; Theodore Mettlach; Robert Weir; Kelly LaRue; NATIONAL DATA BUOY CENTER STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) traces its beginning to the formation of the National Data Buoy Development Program in 1967, which consolidated approximately 50 individual programs conducted by a variety of ocean-oriented agencies. Today, NDBC operates three major buoy networks. First, the traditional weather fleet consists of over 100 moored buoys covering the coastal waters of the United States, including the Great Lakes, Hawaii and Alaska. Second, the Deep-ocean ... |
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| Simulation Crisis Team Training Effect on Rural Hospital Safety Climate (SIMCRITTER) |
Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Benjamin W Berg; Susan W Hultberg; HAWAII HEALTH SYSTEMS FOUNDATION HONOLULU HI
|
 | Simulation-based training is evolving new paradigms for medical education, critical skills development, teamwork, and patient safety in hospitals. High-fidelity human patient simulator (Manikin)-based training is utilized in hospital crisis team training (CTT), and other patient safety-related areas. Rural hospital safety environments differ from urban hospitals. The primary objective of the proposed study is to measure the impact of a manikin-based CTT curriculum on safety culture in a rural hospital emergency ... |
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| Range Test Validation Cloud Tracking System |
Sep 2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Bogdan R Cosofret; Shin Chang; Aram Faghfouri; Michael L Finson; Christopher M Gittins; Tracy E Janov; Ian M Konen; Daisei Konno; Mark J Levreault; William J Marinelli; Rex K Miyashiro; James O Jensen; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
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| The Range Test Validation System (RTVS) includes a constellation of five AIRIS-WAD standoff multispectral sensors oriented around a 1000x1000 meter truth box at a range of 2700 meters. Column density data derived from these sensors is transmitted in real-time to a command post using a wireless network. The data is used with computed tomographic methods to produce 3-D cloud concentration profiles for chemical clouds traversing the box. These concentration profiles ... |
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| Visual Analysis of North Atlantic Hurricane Trends Using Parallel Coordinates and Statistical Techniques |
07-Jul-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Chad A Steed; Patrick J Fitzpatrick; T J Swan Jankun-Kelly; J E II; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOSCIENCES DIV
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| The integration of automated statistical analysis capabilities with a highly interactive, multivariate visualization interface is presented in this paper. Innovative visual interaction techniques such as dynamic axis scaling, conjunctive parallel coordinates, statistical indicators, and aerial perspective shading are exploited to enhance the utility of classical parallel coordinate plots. Moreover, the system facilitates statistical processes such as stepwise regression and correlation analysis to assist in the identification and quantification of the ... |
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| Investigating Characteristics of Air-Sea Interactions in the Wave and Surface Layers |
02-Jul-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Jielun Sun; NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BOULDER CO MESOSCALE AND MICROSCALE METEOROLOGY DIV
|
| We were funded to participate in the Coupled Boundary Layers/Air-Sea Transfer under low wind (CBLAST-Low) pilot experiment in 2001 and main experiment in 2003 and analyze the data collected from both field campaigns. Our focuses are air-sea interactions under weak winds by analyzing simultaneous measurements of directional waves and atmospheric turbulence. We found that air-sea interactions strongly depend on whether the oceanic wave energy peak is dominated by swell or ... |
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| Portable Weather Intelligence for the Soldier |
01-Jul-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
David Sauter; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
| Enhancements in computer hardware and software technology have allowed the development and porting of advanced environmental effects applications on highly portable lightweight computing devices. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory's (ARL) Battlefield Environment Division has developed a number of such products on a personal digital assistant (PDA) for use by individual Soldiers. This technology includes a mobile heat stress calculator, an Artillery meteorological messages application (fielded in fiscal year 2007 (FY07) ... |
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| Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2009 |
Jul-2008 |
244 pages |
| Authors:
Carlos M Gutierrez; Samuel W Bodman; Marburger; John H III; CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE PROGRAM WASHINGTON DC
|
| Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2009 describes the activities and plans of the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), which incorporates the U.S. Global Change Research Program established under the Global Change Research Act of 1990, and the Climate Change Research Initiative that was established by the President in 2001. CCSP coordinates and integrates scientific research on climate and global change supported by 13 ... |
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| Satellite Vegetation Index Data as a Tool to Forecast Population Dynamics of Medically Important Mosquitoes at Military Installations in the Continental United States |
Jul-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J Linthicum; Benedict Pagac; Alexandra Spring; Jeri Humphries; Erin Stanwix; Kristin Cobb; Maloney; Edwin W Pak; Compton J Tucker; Assaf Anyamba; Seth C Britch; Francis A Jr; Melissa Miller; AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL MOSQUITO AND FLY RESEARCH UNIT
|
| The United States faces many existing and emerging mosquito-borne disease threats, such as West Nile virus and Rift Valley fever. An important component of strategic prevention and control plans for these and other mosquito-borne diseases is forecasting the distribution, timing, and abundance of mosquito vector populations. Populations of many medically important mosquito species are closely tied to climate, and historical climate-population associations may be used to predict future population dynamics. ... |
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| Summer Generation of the Southern Gulf of California Eddy Train |
24-Jun-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Luis Zamudio; Patrick J Hogan; E J Metzger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Ocean color and sea surface temperature satellite-observations show the existence of a series of anticyclonic eddies along the axis of the southern Gulf of California (SGOC). To investigate the summer generation of these eddies, a regional version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been configured for the GOC and has been nested inside the global model. A Suite of experiments, using the nested GOC model, was developed and ... |
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| Defense Emergency Response Fund |
20-Jun-2008 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Ellen Kleiman-Redden; Patricia A Marsh; Lorin T Pfeil; Henry Y Adu; Emmanuel A Appiah; Sharon A Loftin; Sonya T Davis; Sue-milney Sepulveda-Recio; INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA
|
| This report discusses the use of DoD emergency funds to finance DoD-assisted relief efforts in declared emergencies. Under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Public Law 106-390, October 30, 2000, DoD may be required to provide assistance to Federal agencies and state and local governments in response to major disasters or states of emergency declared by the President. In FY 1990, Congress established the Defense Emergency ... |
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| Climatic Variations in Tropical West African Rainfall and the Implications for Military Planners |
01-Jun-2008 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Christi S Montgomery; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| We have identified statistical and dynamical relationships between summer rainfall variations in tropical West Africa (TWA) and El Nino/La Nina (ENLN) events in the tropical Pacific. Our primary data sets were the National Centers for Environmental Prediction / National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis fields and the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) for the period 1970-2007. Correlations of TWA rainfall and MEI time series showed that high (low) TWA rainfall was ... |
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| Enormous Disc of Cool Gas Surrounding the Nearby Powerful Radio Galaxy NGC 612 (PKS 0131-36) |
22-May-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
R Ojha; B H Emonts; R Morganti; T A Oosterloo; J Holt; C N Tadhunter; van Hulst; J M der; E M Sadler; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK DEPT OF ASTRONOMY
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| We present the detection of an enormous disc of cool neutral hydrogen (HI) gas surrounding the SO galaxy NGC 612, which hosts one of the nearest powerful radio sources (PKS 0131-36). Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we detect M(HI) = 1.8 x 10(9) M(.) of HI emission-line gas that is distributed in a 140 kpc wide disc-like structure along the optical disc and dust-lane of NGC 612. The bulk ... |
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| Global Climate Change and NEPA: The Difficulty with Cumulative Impacts Analysis |
18-May-2008 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Tubbs; Marvin W II; GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV WASHINGTON DC SCHOOL OF LAW
|
| This paper will provide a survey of the current requirements under the law for addressing global climate change in NEPA documents, along with various methodologies for quantifying the potential global climate change impacts of federal actions subject to NEPA. |
|
| Scientific Assessment of the Effects of Global Change on the United States: A Report of the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, National Science and Technology Council |
01-May-2008 |
272 pages |
| Authors:
NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
|
| The climate is changing, and these changes are affecting the world around us. In order to deal with the changes that are taking place now and to prepare for those that are likely to happen in the future, decisionmakers need information about global change and its effects on the Nation and the world we live in. This national scientific assessment integrates, evaluates, and interprets the findings of the U.S. Climate ... |
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| Modification of the Geographic Corrosivity Index and its Application to Overseas Bases |
01-Mar-2008 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
J C Bitcon; S G Russo; DEFENSE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) MARITIME PLATFORMS DIV
|
| A Geographic Corrosivity Index (GCI) has been developed previously that models the atmospheric corrosivity at RAAF bases within Australia. Geographic, wind and other climate data are used to calculate the index for each base. The correlation of the GCI with atmospheric corrosion data from a large number of overseas bases, covering a broader range of geographic features and climatic conditions than experienced in Australia, was investigated to test its wider ... |
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| Satellite Vulnerabilities |
18-Feb-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
J W Rooker; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| From the Gulf War to Operation Iraqi Freedom, use of satellite communications increased more than 300%, and the data rate to support such operations went up by 500%. More and more, the U.S. Marine Corps is becoming dependent on satellite communications. Perhaps the U.S. military has become too dependent on satellite communications, which are subject to weather, and increasingly vulnerable to attack. Satellites are vulnerable to varieties of attack or ... |
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| South China Sea Wave Characteristics During Typhoon Muifa Passage in Winter 2004 |
01-Jan-2008 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Kuo-Feng Cheng; Peter C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA NAVAL OCEAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION LAB
|
| Ocean wave characteristics in the western Atlantic Ocean (Hurricane Region) to tropical cyclones have been investigated extensively, but not the regional seas in the western Pacific such as the South China Sea (Typhoon Region). This is due to the lack of observational and modeling studies in western Pacific regional seas. To fill this gap, Wavewatch-III (WW3) is used to study the response of the South China Sea (SCS) to Typhoon ... |
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| Nesting the Gulf of Mexico in Atlantic HYCOM: Oceanographic Processes Generated by Hurricane Ivan |
01-Jan-2008 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Luis Zamudio; Patrick J Hogan; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been configured for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) at 1/250 horizontal grid resolution and has been nested inside a basin-scale 1/120 Atlantic version of HYCOM. The 1/250 nested GOM model is used to study temperature variations, current patterns, transport variations, and two coastal-trapped waves (CTWs) generated by Hurricane Ivan during mid September 2004. The model results indicate that the winds generated by Ivan: ... |
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| The Interaction of Jet/Front Systems and Mountain Waves: Implications for Lower Stratospheric Aviation Turbulence |
01-Jan-2008 |
217 pages |
| Authors:
David R Vollmer; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| The role of jet streaks and their associated upper-level structures (fronts, troughs, thermal fields, etc.) in enhancing orographically-induced aviation turbulence near and above the tropopause is investigated. The primary hypothesis for this research suggests that there is an optimal configuration for the positioning of upper-level circulations leading to vertically confluent flow and differential thermal advection, forming an intense inversion. Such a configuration may be associated with vertically-intersecting ageostrophic jet circulations ... |
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| A Spectral Element Eulerian-Lagrangian Atmospheric Model (SEELAM) |
01-Jan-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Francis X Giraldo; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA
|
| A new dynamical core for numerical weather prediction (NWP) based on the spectral element Eulerian-Lagrangian (SEEL) method is presented. This paper represents a departure from previously published work on solving the atmospheric equations in that the horizontal operators are all written, discretized, and solved in 3D Cartesian space. The advantages of this new methodology are: the pole singularity which plagues all gridpoint methods disappears, the horizontal operators can be approximated ... |
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| Transformed Flux-Form Semi-Lagrangian Scheme |
01-Jan-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Chenwu Fan; Peter C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA NAVAL OCEAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION LAB
|
| Transformed flux-form semi-Lagrangian (TFSL) scheme provides stable and accurate algorithm to solve the advection-diffusion equation. Different from the existing flux-form semi- Lagrangian schemes, the flux at boundary of grid cell is treated as the temporal mean between present and next time steps. After the temporal-spatial transformation using the characteristic-line concept, the temporal integration of the flux from present to next time step becomes the spatial integration of the flux at ... |
|
| NAVO MSRC Navigator. Spring 2008 |
Jan-2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MAJOR SHARED RESOURCE CENTER
|
| FEATURED ARTICLES: Hypersonic Continuum/DSMC Methodology for Steady/Transient Missile and Re-Entry Vehicle Flowfields by J. L. Papp, R. G. Wilmoth, D. B. VanGilder, S. M. Dash, and K. Kennedy; Using ParaView for Remote Visualization on IBM AIX by Sean Ziegler; Global and Mesoscale Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclones by C. A. Reynolds, J. D. Doyle, J. Goerss, C. Amerault, C. H. Bishop, T. Holt and J. G. McLay; EINSTEIN and DAVINCI ... |
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| Climate Change, National Security, and the Quadrennial Defense Review. Avoiding the Perfect Storm |
Jan-2008 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
John T Ackerman; AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| The emergence of harmful nonlinear, long-term, cumulative, anthropogenically generated changes to the Earth's climate and natural environment pose a serious threat to America's national security. The changes are increasing risks and vulnerabilities across the strategic foundation identified by the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). Irregular, disruptive, traditional, and catastrophic challenges are surfacing as a result of global climate change and could merge into a perfect storm with disastrous consequences. In ... |
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| A System for Operational Aerosol Optical Depth Data Assimilation Over Global Oceans |
Jan-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jianglong Zhang; Jeffrey S Reid; Douglas L Westphal; Nancy L Baker; Edward J Hyer; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA MARINE METEOROLOGY DIV
|
| In this study, we present an aerosol data assimilation system destined for operational use at the Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic Center (FNMOC). The system is an aerosol physics version of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) that is already operational. The purpose of this new system, NAVDAS-Aerosol Optical Depth (NAVDAS-AOD) is to improve the NRL Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS)'s forecasting capability by ... |
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| Modeling of Hurricane Impacts |
21 DEC 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Dano Roelvink; Ad Reniers; Ap van Dongeren; Jaap van Thiel de Vries; Jamie Lescinski; Robert McCall; Dirk-Jan Walstra; UNESCO-IHE INST FOR WATER EDUCATION DELFT (NETHERLANDS)
|
| This fifth interim report describes ongoing development and validation of the XBeach model as part of the MORPHOS project and other activities over the period September-December 2007 (period extended due to delay in funding). |
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| Makef22: An ADCIRC Model Fort.22 Input File Creation Tool for Surface Wind and Pressure Forcing |
07 DEC 2007 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Cheryl A. Blain; Robert S. Linzell; Brett Estrade; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEAN DYNAMICS AND PREDICTION BRANCH
|
| The User's Manual for the Makef22 software tool, makef22.pl, contains descriptions of the software, including its functionality and usage. The Makef22 software is a Perl-based program that creates an ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) Model Surface Wind and Pressure Forcing file (fort.22) using the NWS=2 option. The software was developed for ADCIRC version 45.11. In addition to the creation of fort.22 files, the Makef22 utility also can read and process an existing ... |
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| Evaluation and Application of the Weather Research and Forecast Model |
DEC 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey E. Passner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-ARM) was studied by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) to determine how accurate and robust the model is under a variety of meteorological conditions, with an emphasis on fine resolution, short-range forecasts in complex terrain. This model study was done in support of the short-range Army tactical analysis/nowcasting system called the Weather Running Estimate-Nowcast (WRE-N) as well as ... |
|
| Army Corps of Engineers. Known Performance Issues with New Orleans Drainage Canal Pumps Have Been Addressed, but Guidance on Future Contracts is Needed |
DEC 2007 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Anu K. Mittal; William T. Woods; Terrell G. Dorn; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Hurricane Katrina caused several breaches in the floodwalls along three drainage canals in New Orleans, contributing to catastrophic flooding. To restore the pre-Katrina level of hurricane-related flood protection, the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) decided to acquire several large-capacity pumping systems. During the process of acquiring, testing, and installing the pumping systems, issues with the pump contract and operation of the pumping systems came to light, including several identified in ... |
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| Continuing Support of Cloud Free Line of Sight Determination Including Whole Sky Imaging of Clouds |
30 NOV 2007 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Janet E. Shields; Monette E. Karr; Art R. Burden; Richard W. Johnson; William S. Hodgkiss; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE PHYSICAL LAB
|
| This report describes the work done for the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland Air Force base, under ONR Contract N00014-01-D-0043 DO #13, between 20 April 2006 and 31 July 2007. This work relates to the Air Force's need to characterize the cloud distribution during day and night, for a variety of applications. |
|
| Measurements of Storm and Nonstorm Circulation in the Northern Adriatic: October 2002 Through April 2003 |
16 NOV 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W. Book; Richard P. Signell; Henry Perkins; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Fifteen bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers were deployed from October 2002 through April 2003 in the northern Adriatic Sea. Average transport from the portion of the Western Adriatic Current (WAC) along the Italian slope was 0.1470 +/- 0.0043 Sv, punctuated by bursts of more than twice that amount during storm events. Monthly means were calculated with times f strong wind-driven circulation excluded. These suggest a 2002/2003 seasonal separation consisting of ... |
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| The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change |
NOV 2007 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Kurt M. Campbell; Jay Gulledge; J. R. McNeill; John Podesta; Peter Ogden; Leon Fuerth; R. J. Woolsey; Alexander T. Lennon; Julianne Smith; Richard Weitz; CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WASHINGTON DC
|
| Although the consequences of global climate change may seem to be the stuff of Hollywood--some imagined, dystopian future--the melting ice of the Arctic, the spreading deserts of Africa, and the swamping of low lying lands are all too real. We already live in an "age of consequences," one that will increasingly be defined by the intersection of climate change and the security of nations. For the past year a diverse ... |
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| An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling |
25 OCT 2007 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey S. Reid; Daniel P. Eleuterio; B. J. Cook; Annette L. Walker; Kim A. Richardson; Douglas L. Westphal; Jianglong Zhang; A. B. Damiano; Richard J. McNamara; Martin Mayeaux; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA MARINE METEOROLOGY DIV
|
| This report presents the findings from a meteorological analysis of the NOAA WP-3D N42RF engine compressor stalls of February 9, 2007, which nearly led to the loss of the aircraft. Preliminary engineering and meteorological analysis performed by the NOAA pointed to sea salt fouling when the aircraft encountered super concentrations of sea salt aerosol particles in the atmosphere at an altitude above 1 km. To the authors' knowledge, this type ... |
|
| On Stochastic Stability of Regional Ocean Models With Uncertainty in Wind Forcing |
09-Oct-2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
L M Ivanov; P C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| A shallow-water model was used to understand model error induced by non-Gaussian wind uncertainty. Although the model was simple, it described a generic system with many degrees of freedom randomized by external noise. The study focused on the nontrivial collective behavior of finite-amplitude perturbations on different scales and their influence on model predictability. The error growth strongly depended on the intensity and degree of spatial inhomogeneity of wind perturbations. For ... |
|
| Measuring Energetics Residues on Snow |
OCT 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R. Walsh; Marianne E. Walsh; Charles A. Ramsey; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Quantifying energetics residues resulting from firing and detonating military munitions are necessary components in developing range sustainability models and plans. Determination of the residue plume area, discrimination from previous activities, separation of the residues from the collection matrix, and processing of the samples are all difficult tasks when dealing with residues on soils. To circumvent these problems, the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory has been sampling for ... |
|
| Time Series Analyses of Integrated Terminal Weather System Effects on System Airport Efficiency Ratings |
OCT 2007 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Elaine M. Pfleiderer; Scott M. Goldman; Thomas Chidester; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| The FAA has initiated efforts to improve weather information, forecasting, and dissemination to enhance both safety and operational efficiency. The FAA has also adopted the System Airport Efficiency Rate (SAER) as a metric of facility operating efficiency that accounts for weather by using either actual demand or the facility-set arrival rate as the denominator, reflecting a reduction in the published ability to handle departures or arrivals due to prevailing weather ... |
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| Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for DoD Needs Arising from Hurricane Katrina at Selected DoD Components |
12 SEP 2007 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Paul J. Granetto; Patricia A. Marsh; Lorin T. Pfeil; Henry Y. Adu; Emmanuel A. Appiah; Charlisa D. Lawrence; Sharon A. Loftin; Richard W. Straw; Sonya T. Davis; Erin S. Hart; INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA
|
| Between September 2005 and June 2006, Congress provided four emergency supplemental appropriations to the Department of Defense (DoD) to meet DoD needs arising from Hurricane Katrina and other hurricanes in the 2005 hurricane season. This report is one in a series of reports discussing the management and use of DoD funds to support the 2005 hurricane relief efforts. The Inspector General (IG), DoD, performed this audit to determine if the ... |
|
| Modeling of Hurricane Impacts |
01 SEP 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Dano Roelvink; Ad Reniers; Ap van Dongeren; Jaap van Thiel de Vries; UNESCO-THE INST FOR WATER EDUCATION DELFT (NETHERLANDS)
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| This fourth interim report describes ongoing development and validation of the XBeach model as part of the MORPHOS project and other activities over the period March-August 2007 (period extended due to late approval to continue) |
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| Tomographic Reconstruction of Atmospheric Turbulence with the Use of Time-Dependent Stochastic Inversion |
01-Sep-2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Sergey N Vecherin; Vladimir E Ostashev; A Ziemann; D K Wilson; K Arnold; M Barth; NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV LAS CRUCES DEPT OF PHYSICS
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| Acoustic travel-time tomography allows one to reconstruct temperature and wind velocity fields in the atmosphere. In a recently published paper [S. Vecherin et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 2579 (2006)], a time-dependent stochastic inversion TDSI was developed for the reconstruction of these fields from travel times of sound propagation between sources and receivers in a tomography array. TDSI accounts for the correlation of temperature and wind velocity fluctuations both ... |
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| Climate Change Research. Agencies Have Data-Sharing Policies but Could Do More to Enhance the Availability of Data from Federally Funded Research |
SEP 2007 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
John Stephenson; Diane Raynes; Kyle Browning; Kate Cardamone; John Delicath; Carolyn Garvey; Richard Johnson; Lynn Musser; Katherine M. Raheb; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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| Much of the nearly $2 billion annual climate change research budget supports grants from the Department of Energy (DOE), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Science Foundation (NSF). Some of the data generated by this research are stored in online archives, but much remains in a less accessible format with individual researchers. As a result, some researchers are concerned about the availability ... |
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| Hurricane Barriers in New England and New Jersey - History and Status After Four Decades |
SEP 2007 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Morang; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
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| In response to renewed studies of potential hurricane barriers across Lake Pontchartrain, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center conducted a survey of the New England hurricane barriers. This survey revealed a number of common factors pertaining to the projects. First, most of the projects have not been tested with storm water elevations near their design elevation. An exception is the Charles River dam, which helped prevent flooding in ... |
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| Enhancement of the Daytime MODIS Based Icing Potential Using NOGAPS and COAMPS Model Data |
SEP 2007 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Richard L. Davidson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
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| In this thesis, NOGAPS and COAMPS model data are fused with Alexander (2005) algorithm to determine its usefulness in enhancing satellite-based aircraft icing analysis. This is a follow on to Cooper (2006) research where MM5 and ETA were used. Using historical NOGAPS and COAMPS data (T, Td and RH) accessed from the GODAE server, several storms from 2004 were fused with available MODIS imagery from the same storms to produce ... |
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| Direct Numerical Simulations of the Diffusive Convection and Assessment of Its Impact on Artic Climate Change |
SEP 2007 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Ivo J. Prikasky; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This thesis focuses on the numerical modeling of the oceanic double-diffusive convection, a mixing process which is driven by the two orders of magnitude difference in diffusivities of heat and salt in seawater. This study explores the diffusive regime of double-diffusion. The aim of the research is to quantify the double-diffusive transport in both smooth gradients and thermohaline staircases, and to develop clear insight into the origin of the staircases ... |
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Meteorology
