Equipment and Supplies: Air Condition, Heating, Lighting & Ventilating

Central Heating and Power Plant Alternatives Review, Fort Wainwright, Alaska

MAY 2003

144 pages

Authors: Martin J. Savoie; John L. Vavnn; Michael R. Kemme; Charles Schmidt; John Westerman; John Lanzarone; Hank Gignilliat; Norm Miller; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB

The full text of this report is available for sale.

The Fort Wainwright (FWA) military community has a critical need to establish its power and heating requirements to successfully complete a series of planned capital improvements. The CHPP upgrade coincides with an expansion of FWA's mission within the next 5 years. To help the installation successfully complete these changes within the specified time frame, the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) conducted an independent technical assessment of the FWA CHPP in ...

The Importance of Cooling Technology in Propulsion and Power Systems

MAR 2003

7 pages

Authors: Thomas A. Auxier; PRATT AND WHITNEY EAST HARTFORD CT

Turbine cooling is the breakthrough technology for gas turbine engines and although the turbine engine and cooling are considered mature technologies, to date they have only achieved about 60 to 70% of the cycle advantage available. Moreover, great improvements have been made in hot section materials and protective coatings, yet without hot section cooling, the high thrust to weight war fighter engine and the high by-pass ratio turbofan engine would ...

Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation

10 FEB 2003

Authors: John D. Moteff; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

The full text of this report is not available and therefore is not for sale. This information is provided for reference purposes only.

The nation's health, wealth, and security rely on the production and distribution of certain goods and services. The array of physical assets, processes and organizations across which these goods and services move are called critical infrastructures (e.g. electricity, the power plants that generate it, and the electric grid upon which it is distributed). Computers and communications, themselves critical infrastructures, are increasingly tying these infrastructures together. In May 1998, President Clinton ...

Guide for Indoor Air Quality Surveys

FEB 2003

91 pages

Authors: James P. Ronyak; Karen A. Fox; Ian C. Rybczynski; Kenneth L. Cox; INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS BROOKSAFB TX RISK ANALYSIS DIRECTORA

This report presents an informative, inclusive and concise process by which indoor air quality problems can be assessed in the field. It demonstrates the importance of team concepts for investigating problems and performing surveys. A history of indoor air quality is reviewed, including survey results by the indoor air quality survey team from the Air Force Institute of Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Risk Analysis. This report replaces AL-TR-1992-0016, Guide ...

Ageless Love Aging Fleets: A User's View

FEB 2003

Authors: Piertro A. Giuliani; Francesco Marradi; ITALIAN AIR FORCE LOGISTICS COMMAND ROME

Today around the world there is great interest in old fleet and in aging aircraft The reason for this is due mainly to budget constraints but also to other reasons as safety, and environmental laws. Interesting is to note that today one of the more sparkling area In aerospace industry is related to the MRO activities. But this type of industry requires today and much more in the future the ...

Modeling Transverse Heating and Outflow of Ionospheric Ions from the Dayside Cusp/Cleft. 1 A Parametric Study

2003

20 pages

Authors: M. Bouhram; M. Malingre; J. R. Jasperse; N. Dubouloz; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA

The transport patterns of non-thermal H+ and 0+ field-aligned flows from the dayside cusp/cleft, associated with transverse heating by means of wave-particle interactions and in combination with the poleward motion due to the magnetospheric convection are investigated. This has been accomplished by developing a steady-state, two- dimensional, trajectory-based code. The ion heating is modelled by means of a Monte Carlo technique, via the process of ion cyclotron resonance (ICR), with ...

Cat's Eye Quantum Well Modulating Retro-Reflectors for Free-Space Optical Communications

2003

12 pages

Authors: W. S. Rabinovich; P. G. Goetz; R. Mahon; E. Waluschka; D. S. Katzer; S. C. Binari; Mark L. Biermann; G. C. Gilbreath; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC

Modulating retro-reflectors "MRR" couple passive optical retro-reflectors with electro-optic modulators to allow free-space optical communication with a laser and pointing/acquisition/tracking system required on only one end of the link. In operation a conventional free space optical communications terminal, the interrogator, is used on one end of the link to illuminate the MRR on the other end of the link with a cw beam. The MRR imposes a modulation on the ...

Vorticity Generator for Improving Heat Exchanger Efficiency

20 DEC 2002

15 pages

Authors: William L. Keith; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER NEWPORT DIV RI

A heat exchange tube includes a tubular conduit for flowing a working fluid therethrough and for conducting heat between the working fluid and a thermal field proximate the tube, and a wire extending axially through the tubular conduit and spaced from an inside surface of the tubular conduit. The invention also provides a method for increasing heat transfer about a tubular conduit by positioning a wire in the conduit.

Modeling Ship Air Conditioning Maintenance Costs Using the Integrated Condition Assessment System (ICAS)

DEC 2002

64 pages

Authors: Gregory D. Blyden; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND PUBLICPOLICY

The United States Navy operates in seas such as the Arabian Gulf where water temperatures can exceed 90 degrees and air temperatures surpass 95 degrees An intuitive link exists between these higher operating temperatures and an increased demand on shipboard Air Conditioning (A/C) plants Increased plant usage, in turn, causes higher A/C plant maintenance costs, To build an accurate cost model for shipboard Air Conditioning plants, this thesis examines the ...

Thermal Management Research for Power Generation. Delivery Order 0002 - Volume 1: Plain Fin Array Cooler for Electronics Cooling

DEC 2002

35 pages

Authors: Lanchao Lin; UES INC DAYTON OH

A fin array cooler was developed to cool a substrate of high-heat flux electronics. Plain copper fin strips were soldered onto the substrate to minimize the contact thermal resistance between the electronics and heat sink. Two new types of fin arrays based on offset fin strips and aligned fin strips were employed in order to mitigate the thermal stress problem found in the integral finned substrate concept. The cooler with ...

Potential of Silanes for Chromate Replacement in Metal Finishing Industries

16 SEP 2002

46 pages

Authors: Wim J. van Ooij; Danqing Zhu; Vignesh Palanivel; J. A. Lamar; Matthew Stacy; CINCINNATI UNIV OH DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Trialkoxysilanes (or silanes) have emerged as a very promising alternative for chromates in metal finishing industries. Compared to the conventional chromating processes, the major merits of silane-based surface treatments include: eco-compliance, easy-control processing, comparable corrosion protection of metals as well as paint adhesion to a variety of topcoats. In this overview paper, we will report the recent status of silane studies including results of corrosion performance tests, mechanism of corrosion ...

Heating Supply Options for Malmstrom AFB, MT

SEP 2002

32 pages

Authors: John Vavrin; Noel Potts; De Nguyen; Tony Blacker; William Brown; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB

The Central Heat Plant (CHP) at Malmstrom Air Force Base (MAFB) is designed to fire natural gas or sub-bituminous coal. During the spring and fall, natural gas is used to heat the entire base, and during the summer months, the entire plant is shut down. Emission limits may be exceeded during start-up procedures and when the scrubber is being cleaned. MAFB requested the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, ...

Wood-Fired Boiler System Evaluation at Fort Stewart, GA

AUG 2002

41 pages

Authors: Noel L. Potts; Charles M. Schmidt; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB

Part of the plan to modernize the central energy plant (CEP) at Fort Stewart, GA is focused on the installations wood-fired boiler, which provides steam for heating, cooling, and domestic hot water. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC/CERL) was tasked with supporting Fort Stewart in planning its CEP modernization. Researchers made site visits 1-3 November 2000 and 5-6 December 2000, inspected the CEP ...

Diamond Microchannel Heat Sink Designs For High Heat Flux Thermal Control

AUG 2002

Authors: Michael V. Corbin; Matthew M. DeBenedictis; David B. James; Stephen P. LeBlanc; Leo R. Paradis; RAYTHEON CO TEWKSBURY MA ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS DIV

Directed energy weapons, wide band gap semiconductor based radars, and other powerful systems present significant thermal control challenges to component designers. heat Flux levels approaching 2000 W/cm(2) are encountered at the base of laser diodes, and levels as high as 500 WI /cm(2) are expected in laser slabs and power amplifier tube collectors. These impressive heat flux levels frequently combine with strict operating temperature requirements to further compound the thermal ...

Direct Cooling of Propulsion drives for High Power Density and Low Volume

JUL 2002

17 pages

Authors: Juan C. Balda; Fred D. Barlow; Kraig J. Olejniczak; ARKANSAS UNIV FAYETTEVILLE

The first Annual Report summarizes the activities performed on this grant from May 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002. One graduate student has been working on the overall direct cooling system design and packaging philosophy of our high-voltage, spray-cooled power module. Two other graduate students have investigated solution strategies for connecting IGBTs in series which are amenable to miniaturization and integration for our direct cooling packaging strategy. Finally, another graduate ...

Natural Gas-Electric Hybrid Cooling System for Army Facilities - A decision Tool

JUL 2002

31 pages

Authors: Chang W. Sohn; Jorge L. Alvarado; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB

Operation of space cooling equipment accounts for more than half of the annual peak electrical demand and a third of the total electrical energy consumed in a typical Army installation. As a means to reduce the peak electrical demand in kilowatts and electrical energy consumption in kilowatt- hours, a number of Army installations installed natural gas engine chillers during the 1990s through Congressional appropriations, the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), ...

Estimated Remaining Lamp Life Indicator System

26 JUN 2002

18 pages

Authors: Robert V. Belenger; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC

The present invention relates to a system and method for estimating the remaining life of a light bulb. The system broadly comprises a device for determining a physical condition of the light bulb while the light bulb is in a non-operating mode, a comparison device for comparing the determined physical condition of the light bulb to a reference physical condition for a light bulb of the same type near an ...

Thermo-Fluid Mechanic Study of Thermoacoustic Devices

15 JUN 2002

102 pages

Authors: Andrea Prosperetti; Cila Herman; Omar Knio; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The research described is articulated in three parts: a) Development and study of a quasi-one-dimensional, time-domain, non-linear, simplified model of a thermoacoustic device. b) Multidimensional numerical modeling based on low- Mach-number asymptotics. c) Visualization of high-speed oscillating temperature fields in a thermoacoustic stack by means of holographic interferometry combined with high-speed cinematography.

National Missile Defense: Russia's Reaction

14 JUN 2002

Authors: Amy F. Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

In the late 1990s, the United States began to focus on the possible deployment of defenses against long-range ballistic missiles. The planned National Missile Defense (NMD) system would have exceeded the terms of the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. Recognizing this, the Clinton Administration sought to convince Russia to modify the terms of the Treaty. But Russia was unwilling to accept any changes to the Treaty. It also decried the U.S. ...

Recreation Diver Responses to 600-2500 Hz Waterborne Sound

13 JUN 2002

Authors: D. M. Fothergill; D. S chwaller; S. E. Forsythe; E. A. Cudahy; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT

Increasing use of high-powered sonar for detection of submarine has put the recreational diver at an increased risk of sound injury. In particular the development of new sonar systems for use in littoral waters raises the possibility that high levels of underwater sound may encroach on popular recreational dive sites. Currently, there is no guidance to indicate acceptable sound exposure levels for sonar systems that operate in the 500 2500 ...

Analysis of Turbulence Models in a Cross Flow Pin Fin Micro-Heat Exchanger

JUN 2002

59 pages

Authors: Eric K. Lind; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

In this study, several turbulence models are analyzed in a 3-D finite element model of a micro-heat exchanger. The micro-heat exchanger consists of a narrow planar flow passage between parallel walls with small cylindrical pin fins spanning these walls with axes perpendicular to the direction of flow. Turbulence model performance is compared with baseline experimental data available in the literature that cover a range of low turbulent Reynolds numbers and ...

Performance Measurement of a Mini Thermoacoustic Refrigerator and Associated Drivers

JUN 2002

59 pages

Authors: Denys Petrina; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

A miniature Thermoacoustic refrigerator is being developed to cool integrated circuits - which must sometimes operate at high temperatures nearing the upper threshold of their tolerance - to temperature spans more within the circuits1 tolerable limits, without the need of the chemicals of a traditional refrigerating system. The development of an electrically powered acoustic driver that powers the thermoacoustic refrigerator is described, as well as different schemes to improve its ...

Stack/Heat-Exchanger Research for Thermoacoustic Heat Engines

07 APR 2002

20 pages

Authors: Julian D. Maynard; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK DEPT OF PHYSICS

The goal of this project was to develop novel configurations of heat pumping elements and heat exchangers for thermoacoustic heat engines. The approach involved the use anisotropic systems employing innovative technology. The approach allowed a heat exchange fluid to flow directly across the heat pumping element of the thermoacoustic heat engine (the "stack'), eliminating the necessity of separate heat exchangers and improving efficiency. The research has led to a radically ...

Evaluation of the AN/SAY-1 Thermal Imaging Sensor System

APR 2002

6 pages

Authors: John G. Smith; Christopher T. Middlebrook; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CRANE DIV IN

The AN/SAY-1 Thermal Imaging Sensor System "TISS" was developed to provide surface ships with a day/night imaging capability to detect low radar reflective, small cross-sectional area targets such as floating mines. Through field testing and laboratory measurements, the performance of the imaging sensors of TISS has been evaluated. The objective of this paper is to present program history, performance evaluation of TISS, and future considerations of the TISS program.

Utilization of Chemical Vapor Detection of Explosives as a Means of Rapid Minefield Area Reduction

APR 2002

16 pages

Authors: Mark Fisher; Marcus laGrone; Colin Cumming; Eric Towers; ICX TECHNOLOGIES INC ARLINGTON VA

Clearing large areas that are suspected of containing landmines is an expensive and time-consuming task. Upon the completion of demining operations, few, if any, landmines may be found. Technologies that can locate individual landmines in a minefield exist, but most of these methods are relatively slow and expensive. In addition, these technologies are not generally suitable for rapid screening of an area for the presence of landmines. Hence, technologies that ...

Object Detection Using a Background Anomaly Approach for Electro-Optic Identification Sensors

APR 2002

9 pages

Authors: Andrew Nevis; James Bryan; J. S. Taylor; Brett Cordes; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER PANAMA CITY FL

Electro-optic identification (EOID) sensors are transitioning to the fleet and will be used as a short-range identification tool for mine-like contacts from long-range sensors. The present operation of the EOID sensors uses an operator for identification. Whereas the human operator is unparalleled in detecting and recognizing objects of interest, there are still some limitations which may be needed to distinguish between mine types, such as differentiating a 68 inch object ...

Inferring Bottom Acoustic Properties from AN/SQQ-32 Sonar Reverberation Data in Order to Reduce False Targets in Bottom/Buried Mine Detection

APR 2002

11 pages

Authors: Henry H. Howell; Robert H. Bourke; James H. Wilson; J. M. Null and; Josette Fabre; FLEET NUMERICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC CENTER MONTEREY CA

Bottom/sub bottom geoacoustic properties must be determined to high spatial resolution in order to reduce false targets for bottom/buried mine detection. Inversion techniques (ITs) are used to infer bottom geoacoustic properties using AN/SQQ-32 beam reverberation level (RL) time series data acquired in Rhode Island Sound in February 1993. A technique was developed wherein the deviation of the RL for an individual ping and beam from an area-wide average RL is ...

Air Ventilated Heating and Cooling Based on Zeolite Technology

APR 2002

9 pages

Authors: Peter Maier-Laxhuber; Ralf Schmidt; Christoph Grupp; ZEO-TECH GMBH UNTERSCHLEIBHEIM (GERMANY)

A promising technology identified and ready to be used for a man mowed micro-climatization system (MiCS) is the zeolite vacuum-adsorption technology. This technology uses the non-hazardous, non-explosive, non-toxic and environmental friendly working pair zeolite and water. Zeolites are crystalline, porous aluminum-silicates with well-defined pore structures. The most important property of the zeolite is its ability for adsorption of water in a reversible process. The adsorption/desorption technology inherently provides for storage ...

Development of a Carbon Dioxide-Based Field Deployable Environmental Control Unit to Replace HCFC-22 or HFC-134a Units

31 MAR 2002

242 pages

Authors: Joo S. Baek; Eckhard A. Groll; Patrick B. Lawless; PURDUE UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION LAFAYETTE IN DIV OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS

This document reports on the design, construction, and testing of a piston-cylinder type expansion device with output work (ED-WOW) to be used in a transcritical carbon dioxide air conditioning system that is intended to replace R-22-based or R-134a-based Field Deployable Environmental Control Units (FDECUs) . The ED-WOW is based on a highly modified small four-cycle, two-piston engine with a displacement of 2 x 13.26 cu cm that is commercially available. ...

Comparative Energy and Cost Analysis Between Conventional HVAC Systems and Geothermal Heat Pump Systems

26 MAR 2002

135 pages

Authors: David D. Vanderburg; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

To sustain the United States current affluence and strength, the U.S. Government has encouraged energy conservation through executive orders, federal and local laws, and consumer education. A substantial reduction in U.S. energy consumption could be realized by using geothermal heat pumps to heat and cool buildings throughout the U.S., though initial installation cost are a deterrent. This thesis uses Monte Carlo simulation to predict energy consumption, life cycle cost and ...

Options for Advanced Smoke Control Onboard Ships

25 MAR 2002

29 pages

Authors: Michelle J. Peatross; Frederick W. Williams; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS

The complications posed by smoke disrupt all facets of the damage control (DC) problem onboard ships. Smoke will reduce visibility, which causes disorientation and deterioration of communications among the ship's crew. In turn, the ability of the ship's crew to restore vital ship mission capability will be impeded. In practice, desmoking is generally not implemented until after the fire is under control. With this approach, the benefits gained from minimizing ...

Performance Characterization of the Astrium 10k Developmental Cryocooler

2002

Authors: C. H. Bruninghaus; J. P. Kallman; B. J. Tomlinson Jr.; E. Myrick; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB KIRTLAND AFB NMSPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE

To satisfy future Air Force mission requirements, the Air Force Research Laboratory(AFRL), sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), led a development program for a proof-of-concept cryocooler designed to support a cooling load of 45mW at 10.4K. Under the technology development program, Astrium (formerly Matra Marconi Space) in Stevenage, United Kingdom, developed a Stirling cycle cryocooler with four Oxford flexure compressors and a two-stage expansion cold end. The cooler ...

InGaAs Multiple Quantum Well Modulating Retro-Reflector for Free Space Optical Communications

2002

13 pages

Authors: W. S. Rabinovich; G. C. Gilbreath; Peter G. Goetz; R. Mahon; D. S. Kazter; K. Ikossi-Anasatasiou; S. Binari; T. J. Meeham; M. Ferraro; I. Sokolsky; J. A. Vasquez; M. J. Vilcheck; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC

Modulating retro-reflectors provide a means for free space optical communication without the need for a laser, telescope or pointer tracker on one end of the link. These systems work by coupling a retro-reflector with an electro-optic shutter. The modulating retro-reflector is then interrogated by a cw laser beam from a conventional optical communications system and returns a modulated signal beam to the interrogator. Over the last few years the Naval ...

InGaAs Multiple Quantum Well Modulating Retro-reflector for Free Space Optical Communications

2002

13 pages

Authors: W. S. Rabinovich; G. C. Gilbreath; Peter G. Goetz; R. Mahon; D. S. Kazter; K. Ikossi-Anasatasiou; S. Binari; T. J. Meehan; M. Ferraro; I. Sokolsky; J. A. Vasquez; M. J. Vilcheck; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC

Performance of Straight-Fin and Microchannel Heat Exchangers in Steady and Periodic Flows

08 OCT 2001

54 pages

Authors: Aaron Alexander; Luc Mongeau; James E. Braun; PURDUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION LAFAYETTE IN DIV OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS

The performance of straight-fin and microchannel heat exchangers was investigated in steady and periodic flows. Steady flow measurements were performed using an open test section wind tunnel. Periodic flow measurements were performed using a thermoacoustic cooler prototype. Detailed temperature measurements were made for varying operating conditions using thermocouple arrays. The results suggest that nondimensional heat transfer coefficients based on stack end temperatures calculated from steady flow data may be applicable ...

ANU Testing of Steadfast Technologies 15 VDC Resistive Heating System (RHS)

OCT 2001

22 pages

Authors: Charles H. Neste; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL

This test represents an effort toward developing, evaluating and recommending for ANU listing an electrically powered resistive heating system (RHS) to provide Special Warfare divers with adjunct thermal protection while conducting SDV operations. Formerly known as the EXOTEMP and Active Thermal Protection System (ATPS), the RHS is being developed and manufactured by Steadfast Technologies (Brandon, FL). The RHS dry suit liner-long-sleeved body suit with integral socks is made of a ...

Cold Storage Temperature Stabilization

SEP 2001

77 pages

Authors: Bill Murphy; Detlef Westfalen; LITTLE (ARTHUR D) INC CAMBRIDGE MA

This report was developed under a Task Order Support Services (TOSS) contract. The study examined both a need for food refrigeration equipment in military field environments, and potential existing and developmental technologies to meet this need. The number one barrier to provision of refrigeration is limited electricity supply, both in quantity and continuity. Therefore concepts generated under this study maintained that as a focus. The issue was examined from all ...

A Second Law Based Integrated Thermoeconomic Modeling and Optimization Strategy for Aircraft/Aerospace Energy System Synthesis and Design

SEP 2001

134 pages

Authors: M. R. VON Spakovsky; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

As part of this project over the past two years, a general methodology (ILGO) for the decomposed synthesis/design optimization of highly coupled, highly dynamic energy system has been developed applied to an aircraft propulsion sub-system (PS) coupled to an environmental control sub-system (ECS) and is being applied to a combination of coupled aircraft sub-system, namely, a PS, and ECS, a TMS (thermal management sub-system) and a SS (structural sub- system). ...

Performance Analysis of Natural Gas Cooling Technology at Warner-Robins AFB, GA, Fiscal Year 2000

AUG 2001

38 pages

Authors: William T. Brown III; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB

High-efficiency gas-fired cooling equipment is readily available for commercial, institutional, and industrial facilities. Natural gas engine-driven chillers have higher coefficients of performance of any natural gas cooling system and can serve as energy efficient alternatives for new electric chillers. This study monitored the performance of natural gas cooling technologies operating at Warner-Robins Air Force Base, GA during the fiscal year 2000 cooling season and compared the actual performance data to ...

Finite Element Modeling of Cooling Coil Effects in Mass Concrete Systems

AUG 2001

121 pages

Authors: Robert M. Strigel; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO

Over the past decade, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has developed and implemented the use of NISA (nonlinear, incremental 1 analysis) procedures to predict the effect of thermal loads due to the heat of hydration of cement in massive concrete structures during construction. To date, the commercial program ABAQUS has been used to perform a majority of the NISA's due to its versatility. Recently, a need to develop a ...

Recirculating Ventilation System in an Integrated Maintenance Hangar Supporting B-1B and KC-135 Aircraft

26 JUN 2001

17 pages

Authors: Joseph D. Wander; Brian S. Adams; Stephen T. Gibbs; Christopher A. Williston; 366 AMDS/SGPB MOUNTAIN HOME AFB ID

During 1998 the Corps of Engineers (CoE) built an integrated maintenance hangar (Building 198) to support maintenance of B-1B and KC-135 aircraft at Mountain Home Air Force Base (MHAFB). Recirculation of 80% of the exhaust air was included in the design as an energy conservation measure, and carbon adsorption was applied to the exhaust stream to capture VOCs. Routine Industrial Hygiene exposure sampling for chromate and for isocyanates was conducted ...

Comparison of Time-Averaged Concentrations Measured at Fixed Locations and Painters' Breathing Zones During Aircraft Spray Painting in Conditions of Straight-Through and Recirculating Ventilation

26 JUN 2001

13 pages

Authors: Joseph D. Wander; William B. Belser; Mark H. Smith; Glenn R. Palmer; PARSONS ENGINEERING SCIENCE INC SOUTH JORDAN UT

Routine Industrial Hygiene exposure sampling was conducted during application of prime and top coats to C-130 aircraft in a ventilated insert located in Building 270, Hill Air Force Base. Equivalent sets of measurements were taken by staff of the Bioenvironmental Engineering office for each of three aircraft, one of which was painted under conditions of 80% recirculation of filtered painting exhaust air. Typically large scatter was evident both within and ...

Modular Portable Air-Conditioning System

05 JUN 2001

12 pages

Authors: Jonathan W. Kaufman; Paul A. Dolinar; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC

A modular air-conditioning system is disclosed and consists of a power supply module, blower module(s), air- conditioning module(s), and an air-distribution module. The power module may he comprised of batteries, whereas the blower module provides ventilation through the air-conditioning system that extracts heat from the flow of fluid and directs the extracted heat to a beat exchanger. The heat exchanger is a closed-low pressure system consisting of a liquid filled ...

Changes of Ventilator Generated Volume and Pressure under Simulated Cabin Pressure Profiles of Military Aircraft C160 Transall

JUN 2001

Authors: M. Lang; BUNDESWEHRZENTRALKRANKENHAUS KOBLENZ (GERMANY) ANASTHESIOLOGIE UND INTENSIVMEDIZIN ABT

Pulmonary traumata and special intensive care therapies often lead to a respirator treatment. After stabilization of the patient vital functions in the medical installations of the operation area the respirator treatment has to be continued during the air-transport for repatriation. Patient and ventilation equipment are exposed to certain influences caused by the air-transport. Originally respirators are built for the use on the ground (air-pressure 1013 mbar) only changes (+1- 20 ...

Design of Compact Heat Exchangers for Aero-Gas Turbines

30 MAY 2001

Authors: Stan Payne; Steve Hughes; Alex Allen; SERCK AVIATION BIRMINGHAM (UNITED KINGDOM)

Metal Foams as Compact High Performance Heat Exchangers

30 MAY 2001

Authors: K. Boomsma; D. Poulikakos; F. Zwick; ABB CORPORATE RESEARCH DAETTWILL (SWITZERLAND) DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Applications of New Chemical Heat Sources Phase 2

MAY 2001

114 pages

Authors: W. L. Bell; J. M. Alford; J. A. Bahr; M. F. Cesario; C. E. Clark; TDA RESEARCH INC WHEAT RIDGE CO

Report developed under "Small Business Innovative Research" contract. This project developed a formulation for use in heating military field rations, particularly the Meal, Ready-To-Eat (MRE). The heater that was developed is in the form of one-eighth inch diameter pellets, packaged in a porous, water- permeable scrim. The heater is conveniently activated by the addition of water. A heater weighing two ounces, activated by one ounce of water, will heat the ...

Fan Rotor with Construction and Safety Performance Optimization

13 MAR 2001

27 pages

Authors: John J. Larzelere; Dale W. Sisson Jr.; Craig S. LaMoy; Charles K. Atwell; Thomas W. VanDoren; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC

A one-piece fan rotor optimized for construction and safety performance criteria is provided. The rotor has a hub with a radial cross-section defined by an I-beam. A plurality of unequally-spaced rotor blades are disposed circumferentially around and extend radially outward from the hub. Each rotor blade has a root portion coupled to the hub with the root portion defined by a concave fillet circumventing the rotor blade. For rotational balance, ...

Thermal Management Research Studies. Volume 2: Experimental Investigation of Oscillating Heat Pipes for Actuator Cooling

MAR 2001

42 pages

Authors: Lin Lanchao; UES INC DAYTON OH

Operation requirements of oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) were proposed. Based on the requirements, OHPs with acetone and nonflammable fluorocarbon fluids, FC-72 and FC-75, as the working fluid were developed. The OHPs had 40 tubing turns formed from a copper tubing with an inner diameter of 1.75 mm and a total length of 18.61 m. The OHPs were formed in the shape of a planer array that was 256-min wide and ...

Analysis of the Application of a Triggered Isomer Heat Exchanger as a Replacement for the Combustion Chamber in an Off-the-Shelf Turbojet

MAR 2001

92 pages

Authors: Carl R. Hartsfield; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using the triggered decay of a radioactive isomer in a solid-state heat exchanger to power a gas turbine engine. Primary performance measures were stagnation temperature increase and stagnation pressure drop across the heat exchanger. Analysis was performed using commercial software, and explored three types of heat exchanger: concentric tubes, radial fins with constant spacing, and radial fins with constant ...