| Prostate Cancer in Nigerians, Jamaicans and U.S. Blacks |
MAR 2003 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Vincent L. Freeman; LOYOLA UNIV MAYWOOD IL
|
 | The purpose of this research is to develop the infrastructure for comparative studies of prostate cancer among blacks who reside in contrasting environmental settings, West Africa, the Caribbean and the United States. This effort addresses six areas: case recruitment, case characterization, tissue collection and storage, integrated database development, targeted laboratory expertise and pilot research. Kev Research Accomplishments-Year 3: 1) Established a research infrastructure that supports unified measurement of exposure and ... |
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| Physical, Mental, Social, and Family Health Outcomes of Gulf War Veterans |
MAR 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Carolyn S. Breda; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN
|
| This research assesses physical, mental, social, and familial health status and changes in health status for Gulf War Veterans (GWVs) who were deployed during Desert Shield/Storm as compared to two otherwise comparable military groups: those deployed to other (noncombat) regions and those active duty personnel who are not deployed at all. Findings to date suggest that the three groups are similar at baseline on key factors, but differ in a ... |
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| Stress Fracture Etiology as Dependent on Mechanically Induced Fluid Flow |
MAR 2003 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Yi-Xian Qin; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK RESEARCH FOUNDATION AT STONY BROOK OFFICE OF SPONSOREDPROGRAMS
|
| Bone fluid flow is hypothesized to initiate aberrant remodeling which can ultimately compromise bone quantity and quality. Thus, pathologic response of load-induced fluid flow can potentially damage tissue viability, and initiate bone's remodeling process, ultimately leading to the stress fracture syndrome. The research goal is evaluated through two primary specific aims: (1) repetitive fluid flow, as dependent on magnitude and duration, will stimulate pathological remodeling; and (2) cyclic intramedullary pressure ... |
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| Molecular Imaging for IMRI-Guided Minimally Invasive Treatment of Prostate Cancer |
MAR 2003 |
214 pages |
| Authors:
Baowei Fei; David L. Wilson; Jeffrey L. Duerk; D. B. Sodee; CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV CLEVELAND OH
|
| Our long-range objective is to develop an image-guided, minimally invasive thermal ablation treatment method for the prostate cancer. Before this method can he achieved, significant engineering developments are required. |
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| Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer |
MAR 2003 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Jay H. Fowke; Fritz Parl; Quiyin Cai; Scott Shappell; VANDERBILT UNIV MEDICAL CENTER NASHVILLE TN
|
| The purpose of this case-control study is to investigate the association between genetic and endocrine markers of estrogen metabolism and prostate cancer progression. Androgens (e.g., testosterone) may be critical in prostate cancercinogenesis, but there is accumulating evidence that estrogens facilitate progress during the later stages of prostate cancer formation (1-4). To explore the role of estrogens in human prostate carcinogenesis, we proposed to investigate the association between genetic and endocrine ... |
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| COX-2 and Prostate Cancer Angiogenesis |
MAR 2003 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Alice C. Levine; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and has previously been demonstrated to play a role in carcinogenesis. We demonstrated that COX-2 and one of its major prostaglandin products, PGE2, are mediators of hypoxia-induced increases in a potent angiogenic factor, VEGF, in a human prostate cancer cell line. In these studies we determined (1) The optimal dosing and timing of administration of ... |
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| Regulation of Sphingosine Kinase in Prostate Cancer Cells |
MAR 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael W. Maceyka; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and its product sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) have been shown to promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells (reviewed in (1)). Moreover, sphingosine kinase has been shown to be responsible for radioresistance -of certain prostate cancer cells (2). In an effort to understand the regulation of SphK1, we undertook a two-hybrid screen for SphK1-interacting proteins. We found eleven potential interactors. Over the course of the ... |
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| Antizyme Activation in Chemotherapy and Chemoprevention |
MAR 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Sandra L. Moore; John L. Mitchell; NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV DE KALB
|
| Antizyme is a small, labile protein central to the regulation of polyamines and a likely candidate to mediate polyamine depletion as cancer therapy. Antizyme exists in several different forms in cells that may reflect variable function or cellular localization. To sort out the origin, modification, function and localization of the various forms of antizyme, a cell line with an inducible Az-I construct that can only result in protein synthesized from ... |
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| Strategic Analysis and Plan for Implementing Telemedicine at Fort Greely |
MAR 2003 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Karl C. Bolton; BASSETT ARMY COMMUNITY HOSPITAL FORT WAINWRIGHT AK
|
| To improve access to care the Alaska Federal Healthcare Partnership established a telemedicine program. Medical Department Activity (MEDDAC) Alaska is considering extending their portion of the telemedicine program to cover Fort Greely and the surrounding area. To best accomplish this, a strategic analysis and business case analysis was conducted. Introspective strategic analysis tools revealed an organization that is capable of supporting a telemedicine program at Fort Greely. Prospective strategic analysis ... |
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| Increased Illegitimate V(D)J Recombination as a Possible Marker for Breast Cancer Predisposition |
MAR 2003 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen G. Grant; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
|
| It is widely presumed that environmental exposures play a role in the development of breast cancer, but only ionizing radiation, has been identified as a risk factor for the disease. Individual susceptibility to the types of genotoxic damage and mutagenesis caused by ionizing radiation should therefore be a modulator of breast cancer risk. A number of inborn human disease syndromes characterized by ioning radiation sensitivity have been identified, including ataxia ... |
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| Prevention of Post-Radiotherapy Failure in Prostate Cancer by Vitamin D |
MAR 2003 |
192 pages |
| Authors:
Srinivasan Vijayakumar; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| Prostate cancer patients receive surgery or radiation therapy (RT) as treatment for cancer. Among patients receiving RT, 50% have an elevation of PSA within five years of treatment. These patients then receive hormones. We will test the theory that chemopreventive agents, which can prevent or delay the growth of prostate cancer cells in the laboratory, may prevent or delay the reappearance of prostate cancer in patients who have undergone RT ... |
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| Blocking Blood Supply to Breast Carcinoma with a DNA Vaccine Encoding VEGF Receptor-2 |
MAR 2003 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Rong Xiang; SCRIPPS RESEARCH INST LA JOLLA CA
|
| Proof of concept was established for the hypothesis driving this project indicating that effective suppression of tumor angiogenesis can be achieved with a DNA vaccine encoding murine VEGF receptor-2 (FLK-l) designed to induce CTL-mediated immune responses by targeting proliferating endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature. This vaccine effectively protected mice from lethal tumor cell challenges and reduced growth of established metastases. CTL- medicated killing of endothelial cells indicated breaking of ... |
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| Organic Polymer Light Emitting Display for Digital Mammography |
MAR 2003 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Joohan Kimis; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| We report on active matrix-organic polymer light-emitting displays (AM-OLEDs) based on a three hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistor (TFT) pixel electrode circuit that supplies a continuous output current to organic polymer light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The output current level drifts induced by either process variations or devices aging can be reduced in this design by adjusting the driver TFT operating point with the active resistor. Our first green light-emitting engineering ... |
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| Biomarkers of Oxidative Injury and Their Modulation in Prostate Tissue from Patients with Prostatic Tissue from Patients with Prostate Cancer |
MAR 2003 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Theodore L. DeWeese; JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL BALTIMORE MD
|
| Development of prevention strategies to diminish prostate cancer (PCa) risk is in order. One possible etiologic factor in the development of PCa is cellular exposure to chronic oxidative stress (COS). COS can lead to the accumulation of promutagenic oxidized DNA bases such as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The detoxifying enzyme GSTP1 is inactivated in nearly 100% of PCa. We have successfully developed a model system to determine the role of OSTP 1 ... |
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| Analysis of Adverse Events after Anthrax Immunization in US Army Medical Personnel |
Mar-2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip R Pittman; John D Grabenstein; Glenn M Wasserman; Mark V Rubertone; Paul P Gibbs; Linda Z Wang; Lance G Golder; TRIPLER ARMY MEDICAL CENTER HI
|
| A broad range of health effects in a cohort of 601 health rare personnel, immunized with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) as a military occupational health requirement, were assessed to evaluate adverse events both qualitatively and quantitatively. Active surveillance showed that localized reactions were common and occurred more often in women than men. five patients were reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, hut only one event could he definitively ... |
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| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 9, Number 2, February/March 2003 |
Mar-2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| For many years, all enlisted accessions to the US military services have been immunized against influenza, measles, rubella, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, and meningococcus. Until recently, vaccines against adenovirus types 4 and 7 were also administered to Army, Navy and Marine Corps recruits; however, adenovirus vaccine production ceased in 1996, and vaccine stocks were depleted in 1999. In April 1995, the Department of Defense began a phased program to achieve universal ... |
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| Receptors, Afferent Signaling and Central Integration in Compensated and Uncompensated Hemorrhagic Shock |
28 FEB 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Alan K. Johnson; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
|
| An understanding of the central and peripheral mechanisms which regulate sympathetic outflow during acute blood volume loss is critical for developing therapeutic treatments for hemorrhagic shock Insight into the mechanisms by which melanopeptides, LV-HTS, and serotonergic drugs facilitate sympathetic outflow during hemorrhage may lead to the development of pharmacological interventions for hemorrhagic shock. Recent experiments conducted in our laboratory provide important new information about the saluretic effects and mechanisms of ... |
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| Cullin 5 Expression in the Rat: Cellular and Tissue Distribution, and Changes in Response to Water Deprivation and Hemorrhagic Shock |
28 FEB 2003 |
157 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas E. Ceremuga; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| Protein degradation by ubiquitination and the 26S proteasome is used to modulate the steady-state levels of proteins and to regulate cellular processes. Proteins become targets of the proteasome by covalent attachment of polyubiquitin chains, which requires three main enzymes (E1, E2, and E3). It is the E3 ubiquitin ligases that control the selection and specificity of substrate ubiquitination. Cullin-5 (Cul-5), a member of the cullin family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, ... |
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| Marine Corps Drug Prevention Review |
18 FEB 2003 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Valerie A. Stander; Cheryl Reed; Cheryl B. Olson; Judy Johnson; Lex L. Merrill; John Clapp; John Elder; Gary Lawson; George Mangual; Nate Lowe; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The primary objective of this effort was to conduct a thorough review of the effectiveness of existing drug prevention programs and to make recommendations as to how the Marine Corps might improve its current drug prevention efforts. More than 25 drug prevention programs from national, state and community levels were examined. Some of the common components were information on the consequences of drug use, decision-making skill training, public pledges not ... |
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| Mechanism of Ultrashort Pulse Laser Injury to the RPE (Retinal Pigment Epithelium) |
14 FEB 2003 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Charles P. Lin; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON WELLMAN LABS OF PHOTOMEDICINE
|
| Previous studies in our laboratory have established that microbubble formation inside the RPE cells is the damage mechanism for single exposures of short laser pulses from 100 fsec to -1 micro sec. In the current project, we investigated the mechanism for multiple laser pulse injury to RPE cells using a new pump-probe setup. We also investigated the expression of heat shock proteins as potential a marker of sublethal injury following ... |
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| Outbreak of Group A Streptococcal Pneumonia among Marine Corps Recruits - California, November 1-December 20, 2002 |
14 FEB 2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy F. Crum; Branden R. Hale; David A. Bradshaw; John D. Malone; Helen M. Chun; William M. Gill; David Norton; Christopher T. Lewis; April A. Truett; Kevin L. Russell; Christine Beadle; Jennifer L. Town; Dana J. Morris; Eric K. Yasumoto; W; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Between Nov 1 and Dec 20, 2002, 163 Marines, including 160 recruits, were admitted to the Naval Medical Center San Diego for possible pneumonia; 128 cases were confirmed by chest radiograph. All pneumonia cases had the following investigations: sputum, blood, and throat cultures; Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM and IgG; Chlamydia pneumoniae IgM and IgG; rhinoprobe DFA for respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenzae, and parainfluenzae; urine Legionella antigen test; urine Streptococcus pneumoniae ... |
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| Effects of San Diego Area Fires on Respiratory Conditions in Military Communities and San Diego-Based Military Manages to Stay Healthy During Fires |
12 FEB 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Hillary Kleiner; Susan I. Woodruff; Brian P. Murphy; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| This brief paper describes the effects of the recent San Diego area wildfires on outpatient respiratory visits to local military medical treatment facilities (MTFs). Beginning October 26, 2003, San Diego County and surrounding areas experienced the worst firestorm in 33 years. The fires produced massive amounts of smoke and ash, which can exacerbate asthma and other respiratory conditions, as well as aggravate healthy lungs and throats. Using the Medical Data ... |
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| Ultrasensitive Biosensors for Molecular Recognition and Manipulation |
05 FEB 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Weihong Tan; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Our objective is to develop novel biomolecule recognition mechanisms and ultrasensitive biosensors for direct, real-time biochemical imaging and sensing. These biosensors will provide a novel tool which permits major advances in the investigation and control of fundamental molecular and cellular physiological processes. There are three aspects of our approach: 1. Using nanotechnology and existing sensing mechanisms for nanometer level biosensor development; 2. Using molecular beacon DNA molecules for development of ... |
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| Delivering Forward Surgical Care in the Rapid Force Maneuver Environment: A Challenge to Service Medical Department Innovation and Adaptability |
03 FEB 2003 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Roy L. Henderson; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Developing better surgical capabilities for conflict operational missions is a continuous effort. The challenge to create lighter more mobile surgical capability is compounded by broad-spectrum and competing demands on constrained resources, and legitimate Service priorities to modernize other combat health support assets such as modular field hospitals and medical/ surgical care afloat. Focusing on joint operability in mobile surgical care can minimize fragmentation and redundancy, decrease Service costs, and ultimately ... |
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| Using Marijuana May Not Raise the Risk of Using Harder Drugs |
01 FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
 | Marijuana is widely regarded as a gateway" drug, that is, one whose use results in an increased likelihood of using more serious drugs such as cocaine and heroin. This gateway effect is one of the principal reasons cited in defense of laws prohibiting the use or possession of marijuana. A recent analysis by RAND's Drug Policy Research Center (DPRC) suggests that data typically used to support a marijuana gateway effect ... |
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| What Are the True Benefits of School-Based Drug Prevention Programs? |
01 FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| The purpose of school-based drug prevention programs is to prevent, or at least diminish, children's use of a variety of substances, including licit substances such as alcohol and tobacco as well as illicit ones such as cocaine and marijuana. In fact, most successful school-based drug prevention programs, such as Lifeskills and Project ALERT, are not targeted to specific substances. Which drugs then, in terms of usage, do they affect? Where ... |
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| The Military Health System How Might It Be Reorganized? |
01 FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| Since the end of World War II, the issue of whether to create a unified military health system has arisen repeatedly. Some observers have suggested that a joint organization could potentially lead to reduced costs, better integrated health care delivery, a more efficient administrative process, and improved readiness. A recent RAND study done for the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) developed organizational alternatives for the military health system ... |
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| Low Levels of Insurance Reimbursement Impede Access to Cochlear Implants |
01 FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| Cochlear implants enable many severely to profoundly hearing-impaired people who cannot be helped by hearing aids to understand speech and environmental sounds and to communicate better. The treatment, including the cost of a cochlear implant device and required professional services, can cost more than $40,000. But studies by other organizations show that the benefits of using the technology generally outweigh the treatment costs. About 3,000 people received cochlear implants in ... |
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| Cost Sharing Cuts Employers' Drug Spending- But Employees Don't Get the Savings |
01 FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| Spending on outpatient prescription drugs has increased at double- digit rates for the past decade and is now the third largest component of health care expenses after hospital care and physician services. In an attempt to control costs, many employers and insurers have adopted incentive-based formularies, in which drugs are placed in different tiers. Under these arrangements, most drugs are covered, but enrollees have different co-payments depending on the tier ... |
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| Periscopic Spine Surgery: Anatomical Motion Tracking During Radiation Treatment |
FEB 2003 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin Cleary; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC
|
| This project is aimed at improving the state of the art of image- guided and minimally invasive procedures by developing a new generation of clinical techniques along with the computer-based hardware and software needed for their implementation. Key research accomplishments for this year are: * Completed the first 20 patients in an FDA approved clinical trial of a joystick controlled robot for nerve and facet blocks in the spine under ... |
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| Structural Studies on Intact Clostridium Botulinum Neurotoxins Complexed With Inhibitors Leading to Drug Design |
FEB 2003 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Subramanyam Swaminathan; BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LAB UPTON NY
|
| In this first annual report we present our progress in three of the Statement of Work. In addition we have included our work being done in collaboration with Walter Reed Army - Institute of Research. Structural work with Clostridium botulinum B and a potential inhibitor, SABIM, is reported. Though it was predicted that it would bind to the active site, we have shown that it binds at two sites in ... |
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| Third International Conference on Health and Usage Monitoring - HUMS2003 |
FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Graham F. Forsyth; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE CANBERRA (AUSTRALIA)
|
| This document includes formal papers for the Third International Conference on Health and Usage Monitoring, HUMS2003, which will be held in Melbourne in February 2003. The scope of papers covers a wide range of monitoring issues with focus on the application to helicopters, military aircraft and gas turbine engines This document includes only the formal papers made available for publication during December 2002. Other papers will be available from the ... |
|
| Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program with USAMRMC |
FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Judith Nyquist; NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| The National Academies Research Associateship Programs for the report period were announced to the scientific community in the fall of the preceding year, 2001. Publicity materials describing the National Research Council-U.S. Army Medical Research Materiel Command (AMRMC). Programs were distributed in November to presidents, graduate deans, and heads of appropriate science and engineering departments and minority-affairs offices of all academic degree- granting institutions in the United States. An e-mail announcement ... |
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| Mechanisms and Treatment of Progressive Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury |
FEB 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Helen M. Bramlett; MIAMI UNIV FL SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| The purpose of this contract is to characterize progressive atrophy associated with long- term behavioral changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat. In addition, mechanisms that contribute to this progressive atrophy will be studied in order to determine what appropriate treatment strategies can be designed to target these mechanisms. These studies utilize an established model of TBI that mimics many pathological and behavioral components of human head injury. ... |
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| Markers of Increased Risk in Pre-Invasive Breast Cancer |
FEB 2003 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Adewale Adeyinka; Soma Mandel; Peter Watson; MANITOBA UNIV WINNIPEG
|
| The risk of recurrence and progression of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) of the breast is best designated by morphological indicators including the presence of necrosis. To identify molecular alterations underlying this morphological feature we have compared gene expression within a cohort of 6 cases of DCIS with necrosis (DCIS necrosis+) and 4 cases without necrosis (DCIS necrosis-) using microdissection and cDNA microarray. A set of 69 cDNAs, from a group ... |
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| Analysis of Altered Protein Components of Interchromatin Granule Clusters from Breast Cancer Cells |
FEB 2003 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Prasanth K. Kannanganattu; COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB NY
|
| Numerous studies have identified a variety of morphological changes in the cell nuclei that can be correlated with cancer. We have been interested in the function of a specific nuclear compartment, interchromatin granule clusters (TGCs), and in determining if changes in its protein composition occur in breast cancer cells. We have previously identified 138 proteins from mouse ICGs which includes proteins involved in pre-mRNA processing. Using this as basis, we ... |
|
| Field Evaluation of Lethal Ovitrap Against Dengue Vectors |
FEB 2003 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Perich; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE AGRICULTURAL CENTER
|
| The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of the lethal ovitrap (LO) an inexpensive, environmentally sound device designed to be integrated with existing control programs in the suppression of dengue mosquito vector populations in Barbados, East Timor and India. |
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| The Role of KSR-Associated Kinases in Breast Cancer Signaling |
FEB 2003 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Steven J. Schreiner; Robert E. Lewis; NEBRASKA UNIV MEDICAL CENTER OMAHA
|
| Kinase Suppressor of Ras (KSR) is a putative scaffold of the Raf/MEK/ ERK kinase cascade. This kinase cascade is critical for the proliferation of malignant breast carcinomas. We have examined the effect of phosphorylation and protein-protein interaction on the subcellular distribution and biological activity of KSR. KSR is phosphorylated on at least 15 residues in intact cells. This phosphorylation is due to KSR-associated kinases and not due to autophosphorylation by ... |
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| Genetic Counseling for Breast Cancer Susceptibility in African American Women |
FEB 2003 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Chanita M. Hughes; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| Increasingly, the cultural beliefs and values of participants are being recognized as important factors in genetic counseling. Despite recommendations to increase the cultural sensitivity of genetic counseling, such programs have not been developed or evaluated. The objectives of this study are to develop a Culturally Tailored Genetic (CTGC) protocol for high-risk African American women and evaluate its impact on decision-making and satisfaction about BRCA1/2 testing, quality of life, and cancer ... |
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| Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Androgen Sensitivity in Human Prostate Tumors |
FEB 2003 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Laurel O. Sillerud; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
|
| We characterized human prostate tumors by histology and quantitative NMR spectroscopy to determine if altered prostate gene expression produced NMR detectable changes in several metabolites (e.g., citrate, triacyiglycerols, taurine, tyrosine). These may provide sensitive and specific predictors of the presence, and the androgen sensitivity, of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cur investigations provided a sound biochemical basis for the application of non invasive, in vivo NMR spectroscopy to assess tumor differentiation and androgen ... |
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| Caveolin-1 Modulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Advanced Prostate Cancer |
FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Michael L. Lu; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
|
| The underlying machanism of the progression of prostate cancer to hormone-independent disease is poorly understood. Neoexpression of caveolin-l, a scaffold protein associated with caveolae membrane microdomains, has been shown to correlate with hormone resistance and metastasis in both human and mouse prostate cancer models. We found overexpressing caveolin-l in human prostate cancer cells positively regulate androgen receptor transactivation activity. We identify in cellular models that modulating caveolin expressing levels dramatically ... |
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| Enhancement of Intermittent Androgen Ablation Therapy by Finasteride Administration in Animal Models |
FEB 2003 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Zhou Wang; NORTHWESTERN UNIV EVANSTON IL
|
| One critically important problem in prostate cancer research is to find new approaches to slow down the transition of prostate cancer from an androgen-dependent state to a lethal androgen-refractory state. Intermittent androgen ablation therapy may slow down the development of androgen refractory tumors because intermittent recovery of androgens can induce differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells, However, the advantage of inducing differentiation of prostate cancer cells by intermittent recovery of androgens ... |
|
| The Isolation and Characterization of Prostate Stem Cells |
FEB 2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Sarah N. Salm; NEW YORK UNIV NY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Stem cells are of considerable importance in prostate cancer because of the theory that cancer cells represent the malignant counterparts of normal tissue stem cells. We have shown that murine prostatic stem cells reside in the proximal region of the prostatic ducts. The in vivo growth properties and proliferative potential of the proximal cells were examined in a tissue transplantation model and in an orthotopic model. Some in vitro characteristics ... |
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| Methylselenium and Prostate Cancer Apoptosis |
FEB 2003 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Junxuan Lu; AMC CANCER RESEARCH CENTER LAKEWOOD CORESEARCH ADMINISTRATION
|
| The purpose of this research is to gain a better understanding of the biochemical pathways and molecular targets for the selective induction of apoptosis signaling and execution of PCa cells by methyl selenium (Se)/selenol We hypothesized that methyl inhibits PI3K-AKT survival pathway leading to the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis execution in PCa cells We have in the reporting period refined a methylselenol generation system based on methioninase with selenomethionine as ... |
|
| Image Guidance and Assessment of Radiation Induced Gene Therapy |
FEB 2003 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Charles A. Pelizzari; Howard J. Halpern; Chad Haney; CHICAGO STATE UNIV IL
|
| Image guidance and assessment techniques are being developed for combined radiation / gene therapy, which utilizes a radiation-inducible gene promoter to cause expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha in irradiated tissues TNF attacks vasculature, increasing the tumor killing effect of radiation. The radiation confines TNF toxicity to the irradiated region This therapy has proven effective in several animal tumor models and phase I clinical trials. This project is developing imaging ... |
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| High Throughout Synthesis and Screening for Agents Inhibiting Androgen Receptor Mediated Gene Transcription |
FEB 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Dale L. Boger; SCRIPPS RESEARCH INST LA JOLLA CA
|
| Details of the year 1 progress on our grant to define a new treatment of therapeutic resistant prostate cancer is provided. This entails the high throughput synthesis of DNA binding agents related to distamycin, their screening for binding to androgen response elements using a new high throughput DNA binding screen we introduced, and the evaluation for inhibiting androgen receptor mediated gene transcription and the cell proliferation of a prostate cancer ... |
|
| Detecting Breast Cancer from Thermal Infrared Images by Asymmetry Analysis |
FEB 2003 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Hairong Qi; Phani T. Kuruganti; TENNESSEE UNIV KNOXVILLE
|
| This project is a research effort that helps define thermal infrared (IR) imaging as a diagnostic tool in early detection of breast cancer, which can be used as a complementary to traditional mammography. One of the popular methods for breast cancer detection is to make comparisons between contralateral images. In IR imaging, asymmetry analysis normally needs human interference because of the difficulties in automatic segmentation. In order to provide a ... |
|
| Selective Killing of Prostate Tumor Cells by Cytocidal Viruses |
FEB 2003 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas S. Lyles; Scott D. Cramer; Maryam Ahmed; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| The goal is to develop novel vectors for therapy of prostate tumors based on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) . VSV kills many tumor cells more effectively than normal cells, due in part to defects in the antiviral response in tumor cells. The novelty in our approach is our ability to enhance the selectivity of killing of tumor cells versus normal cells by manipulating the viral genes that control the antiviral ... |
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| Gene Targets in Prostate Tumor Cells that Mediate Aberrant Growth and Invasiveness |
FEB 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Craig A. Hauser; Gabriale Foos; BURNHAM INST LA JOLLA CA
|
| Overall, this study is based on the hypothesis that the human PPC-1 prostate tumor cell line with experimentally altered Ets transcription factor function, which show a reduction in the transformed phenotype, do so because of altered expression patterns in important genes downstream of Ets factors. We proposed to analyze global differences in gene expression between these cell lines, and assess the functional significance of the observed changes in gene expression. ... |
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| Role of Bin1 in Cellular Senescence and Apoptosis by E2F1 in Androgen- Independent Prostate Cancer Cells |
FEB 2003 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Daitoku Sakamuro; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN
|
| Cancer is a disease of aberrant cell growth. The c-Myc oncogene is commonly activated in tumors, including prostate cancers, and its over expression has been linked to both cell cycle progression and the induction of apoptosis; however the ambiguous role of this transcription factor has yet to be elucidated. The c-Myc function lies between two signaling networks that target its C-terminal DNA binding domain as well as its N-termini transcriptional ... |
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Medicine and Medical Research
