| Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer |
09-Mar-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Mary B Nikitin; Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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 | Under existing law (Atomic Energy Act [AEA] of 1954), all significant U.S. nuclear cooperation with other countries requires a peaceful nuclear cooperation agreement. Significant nuclear cooperation includes the transfer of U.S.-origin special nuclear material subject to licensing for commercial, medical, and industrial purposes. Such agreements, which are congressional-executive agreements requiring congressional approval, do not guarantee that cooperation will take place or that nuclear material will be transferred, but rather set ... |
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| The Marine Biogeochemistry of Zinc Isotopes |
JUN 2007 |
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| Authors:
Seth G. John; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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 | Zinc (Zn) stable isotopes can record information about important oceanographic processes. This thesis presents data on Zn isotopes in anthropogenic materials, hydrothermal fluids and minerals, cultured marine phytoplankton, natural plankton, and seawater. By measuring Zn isotopes in a diverse array of marine samples, we hope to understand how Zn isotopes are fractionated in the oceans and how Zn isotopes may be used as tracers of marine biogeochemical processes. |
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| Liquid State Thermochemical Decomposition of Neat 1,3,5,5-Tetranitrohexahydropyrimidine (DNNC) and its DNNC-d2, DNNC-d4, DNNC-d6 Structural Isotopomers: Mechanistic Entrance into the DNNC Molecule (Preprint) |
29 MAY 2007 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
S. A. Shackelford; J. A. Menapace; J. F. Goldman; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
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| Global kinetics for the liquid state thermochemical decomposition of neat 1,3,5,5-tetranitrohexahydropyrimidine (DNNC), perdeuterio-labeled DNNC-d6, and partially deuterium-labeled DNNC-d2 and DNNC-d4 isotopomers were obtained by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (IDSC). Molecular kinetic deuterium isotope effect (KDIE) values obtained with DNNC and DNNC-d6 from 174 to 194 oC revealed that C-H bond rupture regulates both an endothermic catalytic initiation and the exothermic propagation of the liquid thermochemical decomposition process. Using IDSC-based KDIE ... |
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| Isotope Generated Electron Density in Silicon Carbide Direct Energy Converters |
OCT 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Litz; Kara Blaine; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
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| SiC has been investigated for use as a direct energy converter (DEC) for nuclear batteries. A solid-state model is being developed to calculate the electrical output of a diode into a resistively loaded circuit. This paper describes the use of a nuclear scattering code (MCNPX) to calculate the increased electron density that would be expected in a SiC material based on exposure to a Sr90 beta emitter. An incident beta ... |
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| Isotopic Determination of Region of Origin in Modern Peoples: Applications for Identification of U.S. War-Dead From the Vietnam Conflict |
AUG 2006 |
295 pages |
| Authors:
Laura A. Regan; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
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| This study is novel in that it is the first of its kind to compile a reference sample of isotopic values associated with known natal regions to be utilized in forensic work. Stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and lead were examined to determine if natal origins could be assessed isotopically between Southeast Asian and American dental remains as well as regionally within the United States. Teeth believed to be ... |
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| An Integrated Approach to Evaluating the Environmental Impact Following a Radiological Dispersal Event |
JUN 2006 |
200 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Smith; OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS
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| Actions taken immediately after a terrorism act involving radioactive materials are critical for human health and safety and environmental protection. The appropriate actions are based on an assessment of the impact the release of radioactive material had or could have on the affected region. Typical risk assessment methods are either ecological or human health based. There have been calls to integrate the two approaches but, as of yet, no integrated ... |
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| Z-Pinch Plasma Neutron Sources |
24 MAR 2006 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
A. L. Velikovich; R. W. Clark; J. Davis; Y. K. Chono; C. Deeney; C. A. Coverdale; C. Ruiz; G. Cooper; J. Franklin; L. I. Rudakov; SANDIA NATIONAL LABS ALBUQUERQUE NM
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| A deuterium gas-puff load imploded by a multi-MA current driver, from a large initial diameter could be a powerful source of fusion neutrons, a plasma neutron source. Unlike the beam-target neutrons produced in Z-pinch plasmas in the 1950s and deuterium-fiber experiments in the 1980s, the neutrons generated in deuterium gas-puffs, with current levels achieved in recent experiments on the SNL Z facility, could contain a substantial fraction of thermonuclear origin. ... |
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| Isotopic Constraints on the Sources and Associations of Organic Compounds in Marine Sediments |
FEB 2006 |
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| Authors:
Helen K. White; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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| To provide a new perspective on the fate of both natural organic matter and hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in marine sediments, we have investigated the relationship between radiocarbon (14C) age and the different modes of association in aquatic sediments and soils. Radiocarbon is a sensitive tracer of OM provenance, with variations in its natural abundance reflecting the age and origin of material. The main objective has been to determine the ... |
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| Ultra-High-Q Microcavity Operation in H2O and D2O |
07 OCT 2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
A. M. Armani; D. K. Armani; B. Min; K. J. Vahala; S. M. Spillane; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA DEPT OF APPLIED PHYSICS
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| Optical microcavities provide a possible method for boosting the detection sensitivity of biomolecules. Silica-based microcavities are important because they are readily functionalized, which enables unlabeled detection. While silica resonators have been characterized in air, nearly all molecular detections are performed in solution. Therefore, it is important to determine their performance limits in an aqueous environment. In this letter, planar microtoroid resonators are used to measure the relationship between quality factor ... |
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| Real-time PCR and PCR-tandem Mass Spectrometry for Biodetection |
01 OCT 2005 |
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| Authors:
Alvin Fox; SOUTH CAROLINA UNIV COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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| Briefing compares real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to polymerase chain reaction/mass spectrometry (PCR-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). |
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| Availability and Use of Medical Isotopes in Canada - Performed as part of a Radiological Terrorism Risk Assessment |
24 AUG 2005 |
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| Authors:
Carey L. Larsson; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADAOTTAWA (ONTARIO)
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| An assessment of the availability of radioactive material used for medical applications in Canada has been performed as part of the CBRN Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI) Project CRTI-02-0024RD (Probabilistic Risk Assessment Tool for Radiological Dispersal Devices). A general list of medical radioisotopes used worldwide was compiled via literature searches and Internet investigations. This list was then compared to all isotopes licenced to health care facilities in Canada. Noble gases, ... |
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| Energy Focusing in High-Amplitude Sound Fields |
MAR 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence A. Crum; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| The objectives for this project were to better understand sonoluminescence conditions, expand the parameter space for sonoluminescence, enhance the cavitation collapse sequence, and implement enhanced-cavitation generators to search for tritium production. Modeling studies were performed to determine additional paths to unknown stable parameter spaces. Experiments were performed to determine methods and mechanisms for enhancing cavitation collapse. PZT array and spark-gap lithotripter-based systems were designed, built and tested. The spark-gap lithotriper ... |
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| Confinement of Radioactive Materials at Defense Nuclear Facilities |
OCT 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARDWASHINGTON DC
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| The design of defense nuclear facilities includes systems whose reliable operation is vital to the protection of the public, workers, and the environment. Confinement ventilation systems are among the most important of such systems for protecting the public, and are generally relied upon as the final safety-class barrier to the release of hazardous materials with potentially serious public consequences. The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Board) has advised the Department ... |
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| The Marine Geochemistry of Iron and Iron Isotopes |
SEP 2004 |
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| Authors:
Bridget A. Bergquist; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| This thesis addressed questions about the Fe cycle by measuring detailed profiles and transects of Fe species and also by exploring the use of a new tracer of Fe, Fe isotopic fractionation. Dissolved Fe concentrations (<0.4 micrometer) reflect atmospheric deposition trends in surface waters, water mass source, age, and transport path. Most of the variation in dissolved Fe is due to variations in colloidal Fe (0.02 to 0.4 micrometer). Trace ... |
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| Radiation Source for the Study of X-Ray Driven Gamma Emission |
26 JUL 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James J. Carroll; YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIV OH
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| Nuclear isomers can store tremendous amounts of energy for long times - for example, the 31-year metastable excited state of (178)(subm2)Hf stores 2. 445 MeV per nucleus, or 1.2 GigaJoules per gram. These special states of certain isotopes may therefore prove useful as nuclear batteries, provided that a means is found by which to control (trigger) their energy release upon demand. The concentration of current research is on the use ... |
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| Isotope Ratio Spectrometry Data Processing Software: Multivariate Statistical Methods for Hydrocarbon Source Identification and Comparison |
29 APR 2004 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas J. Boyd; Richard B. Coffin; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CHEMICAL DYNAMICS AND DIAGNOSTICS BRANCH
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| The IRMS Data Processing software package is designed to allow easy stable isotope data entry and multivariate data analysis. When comparing two of more hydrocarbon samples using compound-specific isotope ratio mass spectrometry, an analyst obtains multiple data variables for each sample. Multivariate statistics allows rigorous comparison(s) to determine if the samples are in fact different and if so, how closely related they are. This software uses three main types of ... |
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| New Perspectives for the Production and Accumulation of (178m2)Hf Isomers |
30 SEP 2003 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Ioan-Iovitz Popescu; ROMANIAN CENTER FOR INDUCED GAMMA EMISSION BUCHAREST (ROMANIA)
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| This report results from a contract tasking Induced Gamma Emission Foundation as follows: The contractor will investigate the production and accumulation of the nuclear isomer 178m2 Hafnium by spallation of Tungsten targets with high-energy protons. Targets made of the isotope 186 Tungsten will be designed using the LAHET computer code, and fabricated for experimental verification. The Hafnium yield will be assayed and compared to LAHET calculations. |
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| A Radiocarbon Method and Multi-Tracer Approach to Quantifying Groundwater Discharge to Coastal Waters |
SEP 2003 |
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| Authors:
Carolyn M. Gramling; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| Groundwater discharge into estuaries and the coastal ocean is an important mechanism for the transport of dissolved chemical species to coastal waters. Because many dissolved species are present in groundwater in concentrations that are orders of magnitude higher than typical river concentrations, groundwater-borne nutrients and pollutants can have a substantial impact on the chemistry and biology of estuaries and the coastal ocean. However, direct fluxes of groundwater into the coastal ... |
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| In Vivo Calibration Measurements for Mixed Oxide Nuclear Reactor Fuel |
17 JUL 2003 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel A. Shaw; Henry Spitz; David Hickman; CINCINNATI UNIV OH DEPT OF MECHANICAL INDUSTRIAL AND NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
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| The introduction of mixed oxide (MOX) nuclear fuel containing enriched uranium, isotopes of plutonium, and americium presents a challenge for monitoring occupational exposure using direct in vivo measurements because photons from (235)U and (241)Am will confound evaluation of plutonium in the lungs. MOX is a unique blend of enriched uranium and plutonium that can be used in place of traditional enriched uranium in commercial pressurized water reactors. The plutonium in ... |
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| Comparison of Several Detector Technologies for Measurement of Special Nuclear Materials |
2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
A. E. Proctor; K. R. Pohl; CONSTELLATION TECHNOLOGY CORP LARGO FL
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| Gamma spectral analysis of measurements made on Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) provides identification and sometimes quantification of the SNM present. Different radiation detection technologies have been used for measurement of SNM. Selection of one of these for a particular application depends on the information that can be obtained using that detector and on the support needed to use the detection technology, especially if it is to be applied at sites ... |
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| Targeted Alpha Therapy Using Components of the Plasminogen Activation System for the Control of Micrometastatic Breast Cancer |
AUG 2002 |
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| Authors:
Barry J. Allen; Marie Ranson; SAINT GEORGE HOSPITAL KOGARAH (AUSTRALIA) CANCER CARE CENTER
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| We have developed a new adjuvant therapy for the control of metastatic breast cancer. This therapy exploits the involvement of cell-surface receptor bound urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in the metastatic spread of breast cancer cells. Once bound to specific cell-surface receptors, uPA efficiently activates plasminogen to the broad- spectrum protease, plasmin. We have successfully labeled and tested recombinant human PAI2 with the alpha radioisotope 213Bi to produce alpha-PAI2. Low doses ... |
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| Targeted Alpha Therapy Using Components of the Plasminogen Activation System for the Control of Micrometastatic Breast Cancer |
AUG 2001 |
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| Authors:
Barry J. Allen; Marie Ranson; SAINT GEORGE HOSPITAL KOGARAH (AUSTRALIA) CANCER CARE CENTER
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| The major failure in breast cancer management is the incomplete killing of malignant tumour cells that have spread throughout the body 1. This is despite the many treatments available, such as surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy. The American Cancer Society estimated 182,800 new cases of invasive breast cancer in the year 2000 among women in America, and 40,800 are expected to die from the disease 2. Novel, more ... |
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| New Biophysical and Genetic Techniques for Advanced Material Development |
30 JUL 2001 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J. Rothschild; BOSTON UNIV MA
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| Biomembranes are involved in some of the most basic cellular processes. These include ion transport, energy transduction, nerve transmission, sensory detection and cellular communication. The design of a new class of materials based on biomembrane components holds promise in diverse areas including optical recording media, chemical sensors, nanometer lithography, energy transducers and enzyme catalysis. However, future progress in these areas will depend on the development of new methods for elucidating ... |
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| NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: Security of Russia's Nuclear Material Improving; Further Enhancements Needed |
FEB 2001 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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| Safeguarding nuclear material that can be used in nuclear weapons is a primary national security concern of the United States and Russia. Terrorists and countries seeking nuclear weapons could use as little as 25 kilograms of highly enriched uranium or 8 kilograms of plutonium to build a nuclear weapon. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it is estimated that Russia inherited 603 metric tons of highly enriched uranium and ... |
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| Radiological Scoping and Characterization Surveys Workplan, 1963 Igloo 572 Accident (Former Medina Base) Lackland Training Annex, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas |
DEC 2000 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Steven E. Rademacher; INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS BROOKSAFB TX SURVEILLANCE DIRECTORAT
|
| On 13 Nov 63, 50,500 kg of chemical high explosives detonated and destroyed igloo 572 on Medina Base Texas (now Lackland Training Annex, Lackland AFB TX). The result of the blast was a complete vaporization of the igloo contents, a sizeable crater, and removal of some rock strata below the igloo. The contents of adjacent igloos were not impacted. Fortunately, site personnel received no serious personal injuries. The only known ... |
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| Targeted Alpha Therapy Using Components of the Plasminogen Activation System for the Control of Micrometastatic Breast Cancer |
AUG 2000 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Barry Allen; SAINT GEORGE HOSPITAL KOGARAH (AUSTRALIA) CANCER CARE CENTER
|
| Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) offers the potential to inhibit the growth of micrometastases by selectively killing isolated and preangiogenic clusters of cancer cells. The alpha emitting radioisotopes Tb-149 and Bi-213 were produced by accelerator and generator, respectively, and chelated to cancer affined monoclonal antibody, peptide or protein to form the alpha-immunoconjugates (AIC) and alpha-plasminogen activation inhibitor type-2 (API) against melanoma, leukaemia, breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. These conjugates are tested ... |
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| Tritium/He-3 and O-18 Measurements During the ACSYS Expedition 1996 |
20 APR 2000 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Schlosser; LAMONT-DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY PALISADES NY
|
| This proposal requested half the funds required for collection, measurement, and interpretation of about 500 tritium/He-3 and 500 O-18 samples in the framework of the Swedish/German ACSYS (Arctic Climate System Study) cruise to the eastern Arctic Ocean in 1996. The work was focused on closing the existing tracer data gap in the eastern part of the Eurasian Basin. Coverage of this part of the Arctic ... |
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| Evaluating Mantle and Crustal Processes Using Isotope Geochemistry |
FEB 2000 |
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| Authors:
Alberto E. Saal; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| Geochemical studies are fundamental for understanding how the dynamic Earth works and evolves. These studies place constraints on the composition, formation, age, distribution, evolution and scales of geochemical distinct reservoirs such as the Earth's crust, mantle and core. In this dissertation the strategy has been to work on a broad range of topics to evaluate crustal and mantle processes. This study presents Re-Os systematics to constrain ... |
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| Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Ratios for Selected Sites of the U.S. Geological Survey's NASQAN and Benchmark Surface-Water Networks |
2000 |
425 pages |
| Authors:
Tyler B. Coplen; Carol Kendall; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| Increasingly, hydrologic studies require information on the isotopic composition of natural waters. This report presents stable hydrogen (delta2H) and oxygen isotope ratios (delta18O) from 391 selected sites of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and BENCHMARK surface water networks collected during the years 1984 1987. Depth-integrated samples were collected and analyzed from each site bimonthly or quarterly for about 3 years. |
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| Fractal and Topological Complexity of Radioactive Contamination |
2000 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
N. G. Makarenko; L. M. Karimova; A. G. Terekhov; M. M. Novak; INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS ALMATY (KAZAKHSTAN)
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| There is verified the hypothesis about multifractal nature of radioactive contamination due to nuclear explosions on Semipalatinsk test site (STS) in Kazakhstan. The fields of terrestrial contamination have extreme high variability caused by a number of nature processes. There are used the methods of multifractal formalism and computation topology. The results of analysis support the existence of multifractal scaling which is different for natural and man-made isotopes. It means that ... |
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| Spectroscopic Observations of the Planets |
04 MAY 1999 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Tobias C. Owen; HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU INST FOR ASTRONOMY
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| The research supported by this grant has focused on isotopic ratios in comets and in the atmosphere of Titan, and the determinations of surface compositions of outer solar system bodies. |
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| Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Tritium Production Technology Options |
MAY 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Larry Welch; OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (ACQUISITION AND TECHNOLOGY) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The long-standing national security policy of the U.S. to maintain a robust nuclear deterrent continues to be supported by the Congress and the President. The President has stated that "...our nuclear deterrent posture is one of the most visible and important examples of how U.S. military capabilitiescan be used effectively to deter aggression and coercion. Nuclear weapons serve as a hedge against an uncertain future, a guarantee of our security ... |
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| Deep Water Formation and Circulation in the Arctic Ocean Studies by Natural and Anthropogenic Tracers |
01 MAR 1999 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Schlosser; LAMONT-DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY PALISADES NY
|
| Funds were requested for completion of measurements of tracer samples (tritium, helium isotopes, oxygen isotopes, C14) from the ARCTIC 91 expedition, as well as for the interpretation of these data. Additionally, funds were requested for participation in an icebreaker expedition to the Arctic Ocean originally planned for 1995. This cruise could not be organized. Therefore, the funds were used for sample collection in the framework of the 1994 joint U.S./ ... |
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| Production of High-Value Isotopically Separated Materials |
25 FEB 1999 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
K. F. Scheibner; B. Comaskey; M. J. Shaw; J. G. Wilder; LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LAB CA
|
| The purpose of this project was to complete the development of the laser systems and separator systems needed to investigate the potential for the economical separation of high value isotopes used in medical and industrial applications, then demonstrate this separation capability. The project was to focus on the isotopic purification of lead for use as solder in high-end electronics, and on the isotopic enrichment of thallium for medical applications. Ultimately ... |
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| Radionuclide Site Survey Report Ashland, Kansas (RN-74) |
07 JAN 1999 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Frank Walker; John Lucas; Marv Owen; Earl M. McKethan; Jason Macartney; AIR FORCE TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS CENTERPATRICK AFB FL
|
| The purpose of this report is to validate that the Ashland, Kansas site will fulfill treaty requirements as set forth by the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization. The team performing the site survey followed accepted scientific methods in collecting air and soil samples near the proposed site. The samples were analyzed by the McClellan Central Laboratory and the results forwarded to AFTAC/TM for ... |
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| Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Tritium Production Technology Options |
1999 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD WASHINGTON DC
|
| The long-standing national security policy of the U.S. to maintain a robust nuclear deterrent continues to be supported by the Congress and the President. The President has stated that . . . our nuclear deterrent posture is one of the most visible and important examples of how U.S. military capabilities can be used effectively to deter aggression and coercion. Nuclear weapons serve as a hedge against an uncertain future, a ... |
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| Phosphorus Cycling in the Gulf of Maine: A Multi-Tracer Approach |
SEP 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| Knowledge of temporal and spatial nutrient turnover and export rates is of great importance for a variety of investigations, ranging from nutrient limitation to contamination uptake and removal. However, there are few methods which allow for the in situ elucidation of these processes. In this thesis research, in situ phosphorus turnover rates and upper ocean export were determined within the southwestern Gulf of Maine using the naturally occurring radionuclides phosphorus-32 ... |
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| A Manual for a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) For Light Stable Isotopes - Version 7.0 |
1998 |
132 pages |
| Authors:
Tyler B. Coplen; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| The reliability and accuracy of isotopic data can be improved by utilizing database software to (i) store information about samples, (ii) store the results of mass spectrometric isotope-ratio analyses of samples, (iii) calculate analytical results using standardized algorithms stored in a database, (iv) normalize stable isotopic data to international scales using isotopic reference materials, and (v) generate multi-sheet paper templates for convenient sample loading of automated mass-spectrometer sample preparation manifolds. ... |
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| An Analytical Method to Calculate Activity from Measurements Affected by Coincidence Summing |
DEC 97 |
198 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony P. Popovich; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| An analytical method is developed and applied to find the activities of two radioisotopes based on measurements influenced by true coincidence summing. The method incorporates the solid angle subtended by the detector, the macroscopic cross sections of the materials present, the absolute peak and total efficiencies of the detector, and the modes and probabilities of decay of the radioisotope. With this information, the method corrects for both summing-in and summing-out ... |
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| A Dedicated PET Scanner for Axillary Node Imaging |
SEP 97 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Simon Cherry; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| A key prognostic factor in breast cancer is the involvement of the axillary lymph nodes. This is currently determined by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), a low yield surgical procedure associated with significant cost and morbidity. Positron emission tomography (PET), using F-18- fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) tracer is a sensitive and non-invasive test for lymph node involvement and can be a cost-effective alternative to ALND. In this grant, we are developing a ... |
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| The Role of Biological Production in Pleistocene Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Variations and the Nitrogen Isotope Dynamics of the Southern Ocean |
SEP 97 |
|
| Authors:
Daniel M. Sigman; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| This dissertation contributes to the search for a cause of glacial/ interglacial variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide. The hypotheses addressed involve changes in low and high-latitude biological export production. A modelling exercise demonstrates that the paleoceanographic record of calcite preservation places constraints on hypothesized changes in low latitude biological production. The model results indicate that large, production-driven changes in the depth of the calcite saturation horizon during the last ice ... |
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| Preliminary Calculation and Preparation of Induced Gamma Emission Experiment with (119m)Sn |
29 MAY 97 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Asparouch Petrakiev; SOFIA UNIV (BULGARIA) FACULTY OF PHYSICS
|
| Our previous investigations are connected mostly with Kamenov and Bonchev's idea that stimulated gamma emission is possible between two excited levels (upper m and lower n with corresponding life-times t sub m >> 1 sec and t sub m << 10(exp -6) sec). Some isomers like (125m)Te, (119m)Sn are very suitable for IGE. From our point of view the best candidate for Gamma laser is (119m)Sn. Systematically calculations experiments, comparisons ... |
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| The Department of Energy's Tritium Production Program. (97002), Congressional Research Service Issue Brief |
23 JAN 97 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Clifford Lau; Richard E. Rowberg; COMMITTEE FOR THE NATIONAL INST FOR THE ENVIRONMENT WASHINGTON DC
|
| Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen used to enhance the explosive yield of every thermonuclear weapon. Tritium has a radioactive decay rate of 5.5% per year and has not been produced in this country for weapons purposes since 1988 when the K Reactor at Savannah River Site in South Carolina was shut down for safety reasons. To compensate for decay, tritium levels are being maintained in deployed warheads in ... |
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| Utilization of Stable Carbon Isotope in the Verification of Bioremediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons |
OCT 1996 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
M. F. DeFlaun; R. J. Steffan; K. Van de Velde; ENVIROGEN INC LAWRENCEVILLE NJ
|
| The overall goal of this work was to test the feasibility of using stable carbon isotope analysis to verify in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbons and chlorinated ethenes under aerobic conditions. Specific objectives were to 1) determine d13C values for TCE and the various compounds to be used as co- substrates for TCE degradation; 2) evaluate effects of aerobic biodegradation of co-substrate compounds and TCE on gross fractionation of carbon isotopes ... |
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| Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Long-Lived Radionuclides in Arctic Plankton |
AUG 96 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas S. Fisher; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK MARINE SCIENCES RESEARCH CENTER
|
| The objectives of our research is to examine the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of important radionuclides in important planktonic components of Arctic waters. This project has been assessing the extent to which select species of boreal copepod species bioconcentrate released radionuclides from water and from phytoplankton food. The rates and routes of uptake and depuration of isotopes in these animals, and the extent to which they can transfer their accumulated ... |
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| Transport and Fate of Radionuclides in the Ob River Estuarine System |
96 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
J. K. Cochran; N. S. Fisher; S. B. Moran; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK MARINE SCIENCES RESEARCH CENTER
|
| This report describes results of field and laboratory studies focusing on the Ob River system. Analyses of suspended particles collected in 1994 in the fresh water portion of the system show the presence of radionuclides (In, Np(237)) derived from nuclear fuel reprocessing. Measurements of I(129) in dissolved (Co>Cs>I, with values ranging from 2x10(5) for Am to 100 for I. The Kd's for Am are strongly affected by the presence of ... |
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| Nuclear Treaty Monitoring Radionuclide Collection and Analysis by the US Atomic Energy Detection System, |
14 AUG 1995 |
1 pages |
| Authors:
Charles F. McBrearty Jr; AIR FORCE TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS CENTER PATRICK AFB FL
|
| This talk will provide an overview of radionuclide collection and analysis as a tool for monitoring nuclear weapons testing. Specifically, it will provide a description of the techniques used currently in AFTAC's nuclear treaty monitoring program as part of the United States Atomic Energy Detection System. A description of the particulate and gaseous sample collection equipment used on the ground and in aircraft, as well as the associated laboratory equipment ... |
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| Solid-State NMR Characterization of C- and N-Labelled Phthalimides: Model Compounds for Studying Polyimides |
15 NOV 94 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
William L. Jarrett; C. G. Johnson; Lou J. Mathias; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI HATTIESBURG DEPT OF POLYMER SCIENCE
|
| 15N CSA spectra were acquired for four isotopically labelled bisphthalimide compounds. The 15N CSA tensor elements (delta 11, delta 22, and delta 33) for the labeled derivatives were determined from CSA line shape analysis. In addition, the CSA spectrum for the 15N-13C labelled N- methylphthalimide was obtained. From CSA lineshape analysis it was determined that delta 33 lies approximately along the N-C bond axis, with delta 22 assumed to be ... |
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| Ricin-Inhibitor Design |
14 MAY 94 |
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| Authors:
Vern L. Schramm; ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL OF MEDICINE BRONX NY
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| Methods have been developed for the chemical and enzymatic synthesis of short RNA stem-loop structures. The procedures permit incorporation of nucleoside analogues or isotopically labeled adenosines at the position of N- riboside bond cleavage by the plant toxin, ricin A-chain. In a test case to establish the method, 10-base stem-loop RNA was produced with (8-14C)adenosine at the site of ricin action and shown to act as a substrate. Isotopically labeled ... |
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| NMR Relaxation Behavior of the Head Group of SHBS in Lamellar Liquid Crystals |
23 APR 94 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph R. Duke; Frank D. Blum; MISSOURI UNIV-ROLLA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| Deuterium NMR relaxation-time constants T1Q and T1Z from spectra of a phenyl-ring-deuterated double-tailed surfactant, sodium 4-(1'-heptylnonyl) benzenesulfonate (SHBS) in liquid crystals formed with water were obtained from 0 to 80 deg C. The relaxation-time constants were determined for the 15 and 90 degree orientations of the powder sample. This data is compared to predicted relaxation time constants from two different models for molecular reorientation, including: (I) phenyl-rings undergoing uniaxial reorientation ... |
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Isotopes
