| A New Method for Growth and Analysis of Next-generation Infrared (IR) Detector Materials |
Mar-2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
John D Demaree; Stefan Svensson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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 | This report describes the development of a new analysis and crystal growth method for next generation infrared materials, namely, dilute nitride III-V semiconductors, which may be used in future low-cost night vision systems. The key to this method is isotopic enrichment of nitrogen-15 during material growth via molecular beam epitaxy, which allows enhanced detection of nitrogen using resonant nuclear reaction analysis. We synthesized films of gallium arsenide nitride (GaAsN) using ... |
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| Wave Optics Simulation of Optically Augmented Retroreflections for Mononstatic/Bistatic Detection |
Mar-2009 |
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| Authors:
Tatar; John J III; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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 | Optical devices interrogated with a laser in the appropriate band can exhibit strong, deterministic reflections of the incident beam. This characteristic could be exploited for optical target detection and identification. The distribution of reflected power is strongly dependent on the geometry of the interrogation scenario, atmospheric conditions, and the cross section of the target optical device. Previous work on laser interrogation systems in this area has focused on analytic models ... |
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| Carbon Nanotube Array for Infrared Detection |
05-Dec-2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jimmy Xu; BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI DIV OF ENGINEERING
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| We explore the basic science issues and device potential of our carbon nanotube-silicon (CNT-Si) heterojunctions for infrared photodetection. We focus on the underlying mechanism of infrared photocurrent response, which is elucidated by a detailed study of the dependence of the photocurrent on modulation frequency and intensity of the incident infrared radiation. The photocurrent generation is ascribed to the formation of the CNT-Si heterojunction, rather than the thermal gradient in the ... |
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| Calibrated Mid-wave Infrared (IR) (MidIR) and Long-wave IR (LWIR) Stokes and Degree-of-Liner Polarization (DOLP) |
01-Sep-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Melvin Felton; Kristan P Gurton; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES DIRECTORATE
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| We present radiometric and polarimetric calibrated imagery recorded in both the mid-wave infrared (IR) (MidIR) and long-wave IR (LWIR) as a function of diurnal variation over several multiday periods. We compare differences in polarimetric and conventional thermal imagery for both IR atmospheric transmission windows, i.e., the 3-5 mu and 8-12 mu regions. Meteorological parameters measured during the study include temperature, relative humidity, wind speed/direction, precipitation, and ambient atmospheric IR loading. ... |
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| Development of III-Nitride Materials for IR Applications |
16-Jun-2008 |
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| Authors:
James S Speck; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA DEPT OF MATERIALS
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| This project will cover three areas: (1) development of InN, (2) growth and properties of GaN/AlN nanostructures for intersubband transitions, and (3) GaN Quantum Dots for intersubband transitions. This project will develop nitride materials for use in the near and mid-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. USAF needs IR materials for infrared countermeasures, sensor protection, and sensor sources and detectors. The nitrides have the advantages of being rad-hard. They also ... |
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| Real-Time Terahertz Imaging Using a Quantum Cascade Laser and Uncooled Microbolometer Focal Plane Array |
01-Jun-2008 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Barry N Behnken; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Real-time imaging in the terahertz (THz) spectral range was achieved using an uncooled, 160 120 pixel infrared microbolometer camera and a milliwatt-scale quantum cascade laser (QCL). By replacing the camera's original focusing optics with a Tsurupica-based lens and minimizing diffraction effects incurred by the QCL output beam, an imaging scheme was developed in which the camera's focal plane array successfully detected wavelengths that are more than an order of magnitude ... |
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| Assessment of Electromagnetic and Passive Diffuse Infrared Sensors in Detection of IED-Related Behavior |
01-Jun-2008 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua Sundram; Gurminder Singh; Neil C Rowe; Phua Poh Sim; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Persistent wireless sensor networks can be a cost-effective way to monitor public areas for suspicious behavior and reduce the need for military patrols. We examine here their applicability to the difficult problem of detecting emplacement of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). We first discuss the threat and how wireless sensor networks could help fight it; flexible and adaptable management of the sensor network is essential. We then report some experiments with ... |
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| Study of Residual Background Carriers in Midinfrared InAs/GaSb Superlattices for Uncooled Detector Operation (POSTPRINT) |
19-Feb-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
H J Haugan; S Elhamri; F Szmulowicz; B Ullrich; G J Brown; W C Mitchel; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
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| The midinfrared 7 ML InAs/8 ML GaSb superlattices (SLs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy at growth temperatures between 370 and 430 deg C in order to study the intrinsic characteristic of background carriers. Grown SLs were all residual p type with carrier densities in the low 10(exp 11)/sq cm, and a minimum density of 1.8 x 10(exp 11)/sq cm was obtained from the SL grown at 400 deg C. ... |
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| Targeting Pod Effects on Weapons Release from F-18C Hornet |
01-Jan-2008 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Godiksen; William H III; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD DEPT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
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| In recent years, the capability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the trajectories of stores has greatly expanded. In this study, a CFD code developed at NASA has been used to explain an unexpected flight test result in order to assess the accuracy of CFD as applied to store separation. In December of 1998 during routine bombing practice at Fallon, NV, an F-18C released a Mark 82 JDAM bomb ... |
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| Imaging and Reflectance Spectroscopy for the Evaluation of Effective Camouflage in the SWIR |
DEC 2007 |
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| Authors:
Ho C. Leong; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The emergence of SWIR (short-wave infrared) sensors and ongoing development of multi-spectral imagers that operate across four wavebands (visible, NIR, SWIR and MWIR) pose new challenges for current camouflage, concealment and deception technologies. For one, they render ineffective conventional camouflage material that worked well in the visible part of the spectrum. The aim of this thesis is to propose means to provide effective camouflage across the visible and SWIR spectrum. ... |
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| Optical/Infrared Signatures for Space-Based Remote Sensing |
01-Nov-2007 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
R H Picard; E M Dewan; J R Winick; R R O'Neil; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
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| This report describes work carried out under the Air Force Research Laboratory's basic research task in optical remote-sensing signatures, entitled Optical / Infrared Signatures for Space-Based Remote Sensing. The work was carried out during the period 20 Mar 2000 - 30 Sep 2007 and was supported by funding from AFOSR's Physics and Electronics Directorate (AFOSR/NE). The objective of the program was to increase understanding of remotely sensed signatures, particularly as ... |
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| Sensor Feasibility Report: Survey of the Capabilities and Limitations of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive (CBRNE) Sensor Technologies Relevant to Vehicle Inspection Systems |
OCT 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Larry E. Riley; KACHEMAK RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT INC HOMER AK
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| This report provides a summary of KRD's research on existing Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) sensor technologies and possible incorporation into Under Vehicle Inspection Systems (UVIS) platforms, as provided in the sensor integration plan. Sections two through five discuss how KRD could potentially integrate these technologies into its Under-Vehicle Inspection System (UVIS) platforms, thereby enhancing their threat detection capabilities. These sections also focus on the practical implications of ... |
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| Sensor Model Requirements for TAWS/IRTSS Operation |
SEP 2007 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Rachel Hughes; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Possible improvements to the minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) entered into TAWS are considered. FLIR92 is modified to include atmospheric turbulence that depends on height in the atmosphere. Resultant MRTDs are compared to the operational FLIR92 MRTD predictions excluding atmospheric turbulence. The difference in the MRTD is only apparent in the higher frequency regime and is less than 0.05% of the MRTD values for a typical test case. MRTD is ... |
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| Fusion of Multiple Sensor Types in Computer Vision Systems |
SEP 2007 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Mayo Donald R.; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This research provides an analysis of several approaches to the fusion of multiple dissimilar sensors to supplement simple color vision detection and recognition. Nonvisible sensor systems can enhance computer vision systems. The study investigates the use of thermal infrared (IR) sensors in combination with color data for object detection and recognition. The authors analyze several types of high-level and low-level sensor fusion to compare error rates with raw color and ... |
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| The Potential-Density Phase-Shift Method for Determining the Corotation Radii in Spiral and Barred Galaxies |
JUN 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaolei Zhang; Ronald J. Buta; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC REMOTE SENSING DIV
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| We have developed a new method for determining the corotation radii of density waves in disk galaxies, which makes use of the calculated radial distribution of an azimuthal phase shift between the potential and density wave patterns. The approach originated from improved theoretical understanding of the relation between the morphology and kinematics of galaxies and of the dynamical interaction between density waves and the basic-state disk stars, which results in ... |
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| Track Score Processing of Multiple Dissimilar Sensors |
JUN 2007 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Dimitrios Patsikas; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA CENTER FOR JOINT SERVICES ELECTRONIC WARFARE
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| In this thesis, a data fusion problem when a number of different types of sensors are deployed in the vicinity of a ballistic missile launch is studied. An objective of this thesis is to calculate a scoring function for each sensor track, and the track file with the best (optimum) track score can then be used for guiding an interceptor to the threat within the boost phase. Seven active groundbased ... |
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| Survey of Hyperspectral and Multispectral Imaging Technologies (Etude sur les technologies d'imagerie hyperspectrale et multispectrale) |
MAY 2007 |
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| Authors:
Fabrizio Vagni; NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
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| Hyperspectral (HSI) and multispectral or multiband imaging (MSI) systems are powerful tools in the field of remote sensing. While HSI systems collect at least 100 spectral bands of 10 20 nm width, MSI sensors are systems collecting less than 20, generally non contiguous, spectral bands. HSI systems have a very wide capability of spectral discrimination, while MSI systems are designed to support applications by providing bands that detect information in ... |
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| A Study of Bi-Directional Reflectance Distribution Functions and Their Effect on Infrared Signature Models |
MAR 2007 |
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| Authors:
Samuel I. Harkiss; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT/DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
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| Since 2004, AFIT has been developing a trend-analysis tool to assess large commercial aircraft infrared (LCAIR) signatures. In many cases, this code predicted signatures to within 10% of measured data. However, other results indicated that the single-bounce, specular-reflection algorithm being used failed to adequately simulate interactions between aircraft parts where either the specular component is dominated by diffuse reflection or part-to-part multiple-bounce reflections contribute significantly to the signature. This research ... |
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| Polarimetric Thermal Imaging |
MAR 2007 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Fook L. Loo; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Passive infrared (IR) imagers, using intensity contrast for target detection, are often limited by low target-background contrast. Detecting stationary targets against cluttered backgrounds presents an even bigger challenge. Polarized signatures can be used as an additional discriminator, to improve target detection probability and reduce false alarm rate. In this research,a polarimetric thermal imager, operating in the mid wave infrared (3-5 m), was set up using the Merlin InSb camera with ... |
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| Application of the Community Radiative Transfer Model to Evaluate Satellite-Based Measurements Across the African Easterly Jet Over Western Africa |
MAR 2007 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Richard D. Ernest; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
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| The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) has been used to determine which polar-orbiter satellite channels are best suited to remotely sense in a cloud-free environment the lower-tropospheric temperature and moisture gradients that determine the location and intensity of the African Easterly Jet over West Africa. This study evaluates the capability of five microwave sensors and three infrared sensors, including both conical- and cross-track scanning instruments. Atmospheric profiles obtained during the ... |
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| Contrast Enhancement for Thermal Acoustic Breast Cancer Imaging via Resonant Stimulation |
MAR 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Jian Li; Mark Sheplak; Lou Cattafesta; Henry Zmuda; Huabei Jiang; Manuel Arreola; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
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| This research plans to develop enhanced contrast thermal acoustic imaging (TAI) technology for the detection of breast cancer by combining amplitude-modulated (AM) electromagnetic (EM) field excitation resonant acoustic scattering and advanced signal processing techniques. While EM-induced TAI possesses great promise the thermal acoustic signals tend to be weak. However when the tumor is excited into resonance via EM stimulation the effective acoustic scattering cross-section may increase by a factor in ... |
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| AIMSsim Version 2.2.1, System Manual |
MAR 2007 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Oliver Schoenborn; CAE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
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| This system manual provides an overview of software developed to support the empirical investigation of a simulated user interface for an Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System ELVISS). The AIMS system is an electro-optical imaging system being developed by the Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC)-Valcartier to enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) crews to ... |
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| AIMSsim Version 2.2.1, User Manual |
MAR 2007 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Oliver Schoenborn; CAE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
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| This user manual provides an overview of how to use the software developed to support the empirical investigation of a simulated user interface for an Advanced Integrated Multi sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System ELVISS). The AIMS system is an electro-optical imaging system being developed by the Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC)-Valcartier to enhance the capability of search ... |
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| Herc SAR Task 106: AIMS Feature Development |
MAR 2007 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Oliver Schoenborn; Paul Krga; CAE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
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| This document is the final report for Herc - SAR Task 106 - AIMS Feature Development. Several features to the AIMS simulation system, AIMSsim (previously called ELVISS), have been added to support human factors experimentation. The report summarizes the work performed and makes recommendations for the next phase. Software was developed to add scenario generation capability to the existing AIMSsim experimental research platform at DRDC. Core tasks were completed in ... |
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| A Novel Method to Quantify Fugitive Dust Emissions Using Optical Remote Sensing |
Jan-2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R Kemme; Ke Du; Mark J Rood; Byung J Kim; Ravi M Varma; Ram A Hashmonay; ARCADIS GERAGHTY AND MILLER RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC
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| This paper describes a new method for retrieving path-averaged mass concentrations from multi-spectral light extinction measured by optical remote sensing (ORS) instruments. The light extinction measurements as a function of wavelength were used in conjunction with an iterative inverse-Mie algorithm to retrieve path-averaged particulate matter (PM) mass distribution. Conventional mass concentration measurements in a controlled release experiment were used to calibrate the ORS method. A backscattering micro pulse lidar (MPL) ... |
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| Discrimination, Identification, and Tracking of Unresolved Targets Using Tomographic Integration of Multiplex Sensor Data |
20 DEC 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Brady; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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| The objective of this research is the development of a low cost sensor system with applications in biometric tracking and authentication. We have demonstrated the ability to classify and track human motion using low cost, off-the-shelf pyroelectric detectors. We have designed fieldable sensor units that are anonymous and can perform multiple tasks such as biometric classification, multiple object tracking, and camera pointing. We have demonstrated the ability to track two ... |
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| Improvised Explosive Devise Placement Detection from a Semi-Autonomous Ground Vehicle |
DEC 2006 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin D. Miller; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Improvised Explosive Devices (IED's) continue to kill and seriously injure military members throughout the Iraqi theatre. Autonomous Ground Vehicle (AGV) seeks to identify the human presence placing the IED and then report that contact to a unit of action. This research developed a semiautonomous platform that can navigate to waypoints, avoid obstacles, investigate possible threats and then detect motion that triggers a visual camera. The information is then relayed back ... |
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| Implications of Atmospheric Temperature Fluctuations on Passive Remote Sensing of Chemicals |
01-Nov-2006 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Avishai Ben-David; Gabriel Laufer; Stephen K Holland; Jason D Baker; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Passive remote sensing of airborne chemicals at infrared wavelengths may be limited by temporal fluctuations in atmospheric brightness temperatures delta T(Delta t). The fluctuations delta T increase the minimum detectable chemical vapor concentration-pathlength product (CL) given by the noise-equivalent-CL (NECL) of the measurements scenario. Brightness temperatures in two infrared spectral bands were measured on clear and cloudy days along three lines of sights. For time windows Delta t < 3-5 ... |
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| 3rd Generation Thermal Imager Sensor Performance |
01-Nov-2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Van A Hodgkin; Ronald G Driggers; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMAND FORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| 3rd Generation FLIR (3rd Gen) is defined as a dual band (MWIR and LWIR) thermal imager. It is targeted to be one of the principle sensor systems for the Army's Future Combat System (FCS), Stryker, and Airborne Reconnaissance System. In early 2005, the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) created a large scale project to research and quantify the potential benefits of a 3rd Gen FLIR. This research was ... |
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| Fundamental Research on Infrared Detection |
15 OCT 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
S. L. Chuang; Y. C. Chang; K. Y. Cheng; R. D. Dupuis; K. C. Hsieh; J. O. White; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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| Fundamental research issues on infrared photodetectors are reported. These include the following: Task 1. HgCdTe (MCT) defect study Continuing the research on degradation of MCT, we explore the size changing of the dislocation loops and the effect of low-dose electron beam irradiation during TEM analysis. Self-energy correction is included to calculate the MCT defect states. For the photoluminescence image, we correlate the PL images from MCTs and their CZT substrates. ... |
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| Issues Involving Infrared Detector Material Systems |
28 SEP 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Judy Wu; KANSAS UNIV LAWRENCE DEPT OF PHYSICS
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| The original objectives of this project are two-fold. One objective is to develop textured templates for growth of epitaxial thin film ferroelectric (TFFE) IR detectors on polyimide coated Si. The commercial TFFE has a polycrystalline structure since it is directly grown on non-textured polyimide coating. This results in degraded device performance. The same problem also occurs widely to many other device applications. To achieve epitaxial growth of the devices on ... |
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| Militaire Toepassingen Van Adaptieve Optiek (Military Applications of Adaptive Optics) |
SEP 2006 |
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| Authors:
H. T. Berkman; F. M. van Putten; P. Fritz; TNO DEFENSE SECURITY AND SAFETY RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
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| In this project the benefits of adaptive optics for military applications are assessed. Adaptive optics can be used in electro-optical camera systems and it can be used in laser systems such as directed infrared counter measure systems. In a WEAG project JP8.11 on Precision Laser Beam Steering the benefits of adaptive optics for long range target identification and DIRCM have been evaluated. The findings of the study group are reported ... |
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| Computer Estimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? |
14 AUG 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ivan Wong; Thomas Meitzler; Euijung Sohn; Kimberly Lane; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
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| Several clutter metrics were evaluated and compared against the probability of detection of ground combat vehicle targets in test scenes created in a natural field environment. This paper presents methods of testing subjects and methods of computing the metrics. Finally, limited results of the initial testing and the comparison of this against the metrics are given, thereby showing the effectiveness of these metrics on this set of targets and on ... |
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| Three Dimensional Reconstruction Algorithm for Imaging Pathophysiological Signals Within Breast Tissue Using Near Infrared Light |
JUL 2006 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Hamid Dehghani; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Near Infrared (NIR) tomography is an imaging technique that aims to image optical properties of biological tissue. This technique has been used to image and characterize breast tissue in healthy volunteers as well as detecting tumor in patients. Image reconstruction algorithms have been developed, which utilizes inherent wavelength dependant a-priori information (spectral) as well as concurrently measured MRI structural information (spatial) to show that the quantitative and qualitative accuracy is ... |
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| Stress-Engineered Quantum Dots for Multispectral Infra-Red Detector Arrays |
30 JUN 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
A. Madhukar; A. Konkar; J. C. Campbell; Y. C. Chang; W. I. Wang; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| During the above-noted period of this Final Technical Report, the following salient milestones were reached: (1) Introduced and demonstrated the concept of injecting electrons into the quantum dot (OD) active infra-red absorbing region from bracketing doped contact layers (to suppress unwanted dark current) leaving the QD region undoped; (2) Introduced and demonstrated the benefits of the concepts of (a) strain-relieving OD capping layers, (b) current blocking layers, and (c) lateral ... |
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| Tracking Anti-Ship Missiles Using Radar and Infra-Red Search and Track: Track Error Performance |
JUN 2006 |
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| Authors:
Hwa-Tung Ong; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA)
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| The problem of association and fusion of radar and infra-red search and track (IRST) sensor reports is not straightforward, especially because IRST provides only angular measurements while radar provides range and range-rate measurements in addition to azimuth and elevation measurements. In this report, simulation results show that a centralised extended Kalman filter tracker is a solution that can capitalise on the higher angular accuracy of the IRST sensor to provide ... |
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| Characterization and Analysis of a Multicolor Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector |
JUN 2006 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Nathan A. Hanson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis presents analysis and characterization of performance of a newly designed, multicolor quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). Specifically, it focuses on a detector capable of detecting infrared emissions in the near infrared (NIR), mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR), and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR). Through photocurrent spectroscopy and performance analysis, this prototype detector can be classified and prepared for possible future use within the U.S. Armed Forces. Certain military applications require a highly ... |
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| Low Noise Infrasonic Sensor System with High Reduction of Natural Background Noise |
MAY 2006 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
F. Kern; S. Africk; P. Cataldi; R. Chaves; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Physical Sciences Inc. has developed a new type of infrasound piezocable sensor system under this program's SBIR Phase 1 and Phase 2 funding from DTRA. The sensors consist of continuous lengths of off-the-shelf radially poled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coaxial cables, theoretically of arbitrary length, specially terminated and connected to state of the art, ultra high input impedance quiet amplifiers, tailored to the unique characteristics of the sensor outputs. Test data ... |
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| New Generation Materials and Structures for Nanophotonics and Nanoelectronics |
30 APR 2006 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Paras N. Prasad; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK COLL AT BUFFALO
|
| This DURINT project produced high impact technical accomplishments. The notable accomplishments include building (i) new nanostructures, (ii) study of optoelectronic and magnetic properties, and (iii) fabrication of polymer based non-linear based photonic crystals and photonic circuitry, and (iv) fabrication of photodetctor as well as diffraction grating devices. On the preparation front, a modular colloidal route was devised to produce nano-heterostructures by integrating plasmonic (Au), magnetic (Fe3O4) and semiconducting (PbS or ... |
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| Integrated Stereo Infrared and Color Human Detection on the ART platform |
01 APR 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
M. Bertozzi; A. Broggi; M. Felisa; S. Ghidoni; PARMA UNIV (ITALY)
|
| This report presents the research activities within the framework of N62558-05-P-0380 contract for the development of a Human Shape localization system by means of a 4-camera vision system consisting of 2 daylight and 2 far infrared cameras. The main idea is to exploit the advantages of both far infrared and visible cameras to develop a system that combines the advantages of using far infrared or daylight technologies. In particular, this ... |
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| Measurements of Dissipation Rate and Velocity/Pressure Gradient Correlation for Improvements to Gas Turbine Turbulent Flow Models |
31 MAR 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Roger L. Simpson; K. T. Lowe; Edgar Orsi; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG DEPT OF AEROSPACE AND OCEAN ENGINEERING
|
| In this research program, a new comprehensive laser-Doppler velocimeter (CompLDV) experimental technique is being developed and used to measure precisely the instantaneous vector velocity, acceleration, and position of multiple particles within the Kolmogorov scales of high Reynolds number turbulent flows. With at least 4 particles at a given instant this results in the fine-spatial-resolution instantaneous measurement of the complete rate-of-strain and vorticity tensors and the dissipative and velocity fluctuation-pressure gradient ... |
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| Thermal Imagine Applications Toward Design Optimization and Operational Troubleshooting of Lightweight Robotic Vehicles |
29 MAR 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
James Mason; Jack Jones; Erik Polsen; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| The Army is interested in using thermal imaging devices to identify potential mechanical/electrical failure modes and to validate system design of unmanned ground vehicles. Such a method would allow the improved reliablity and durability of unmanned ground vehicles, would improve system design by identifying overworked components and identify failing components during proventive maintenance. The presentation illustrates the use of forward looking infrared (FLIR) technology in detecting hot spots created by ... |
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| Operational Assessment of Target Acquisition Weapons Software (TAWS) Prediction Performance at Nellis AFB, NV |
MAR 2006 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Jerome H. Hernandez; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Target Acquisition Weapons Software (TAWS) Version 3.4 is a joint Tactical Decision Aid (TDA) used to predict performance of electro-optic and electro-magnetic (EM/EO) munitions and navigation systems. TAWS is the USAF and USN mission-planning standard for laser-guided, infrared, and TV munitions and navigation systems TDAs. As TAWS continues to deploy through the mission planning community there is a need to establish a systematic approach to assessing TAWS accuracy. This study ... |
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| Comparative Analysis of Biosurveillance Methodologies |
MAR 2006 |
106 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Kempisty; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The purpose of this research is to compare two different biosurveillance methodologies: BioWatch and "A Hot Idea". BioWatch is fielded and operating in major US cities today. Air samples are collected on filter paper and analyzed for the presence of harmful biological agents. "A Hot Idea" is an evolving methodology using the human body's immune response to identify the onset of infection from a harmful pathogen. Detecting a temperature increase, ... |
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| Radiometric Analysis of Daytime Satellite Detection |
MAR 2006 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Katherine B. Lilevjen; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT/DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
|
| A radiometric model for daylight satellite detection is developed and used to evaluate the effects of various parameters on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Detection of reflected sunlight from a low-earth orbit, diffuse, planar satellite by a single-pixel infrared photovoltaic detector is considered. Noise considered includes photon noise from the background and signal, as well as thermal noise. Parameters considered include atmospheric conditions, optical parameters, and detector parameters. The Phillips Laboratory Expert-assisted ... |
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| The Next Marine Corps F/A-18 Targeting Pod: ATFLIR or LITENING? |
07-Feb-2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
J M Renaux; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
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| The Marine Corps is at a crucial crossroads in its constant effort to remain technologically relevant. Currently, Marine F/A-18 Hornets are not authorized to employ laser-guided bombs (LGBs) when illuminating a target with its NITEHAWK targeting pod, due to the pod's low fidelity and increased chances of target misidentification. As a remedy, the Navy and Marine Corps, as well as F/A-18 air forces around the world, are in the process ... |
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| 1-D Thermal Modeling of Layered Materials in Outdoor Environments. Countermine Phenomenology Program |
FEB 2006 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
John O. Curtis; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This report describes a physics-based, but relatively simple, thermal infrared computational tool that can be used in a personal computer (PC) environment to predict temperature profiles of layered media. The tool is a one-dimensional finite difference simulation code (written in FORTRAN) that is executed through a graphical user interface. Its current utility is in helping to design field tests of airborne mine detection sensor systems and to analyze the results ... |
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| Tracking Human Faces in Infrared Video |
2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher K. Eveland; Diego A. Socolinsky; Lawrence B. Wolff; EQUINOX CORP NEW YORK NY
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| Detecting and tracking face regions in image sequences has applications to important problems such as face recognition, human-computer interaction, and video surveillance. Visible sensors have inherent limitations in solving this task, such as the need for sufficient and specific lighting conditions, as well as sensitivity to variations in skin color. Thermal infrared (IR) imaging sensors image emitted light, not reflected light, and therefore do not have these limitations, providing a ... |
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| Illumination Invariant Face Recognition Using Thermal Infrared Imagery |
2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Diego A. Socolinsky; Lawrence B. Wolff; Joshua D. Neuheisel; Christopher K. Eveland; EQUINOX CORP NEW YORK NY
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| A key problem for face recognition has been accurate identification under variable illumination conditions. Conventional video cameras sense reflected light so that image gray values are a product of both intrinsic skin reflectivity and external incident illumination, thus obfuscating the intrinsic reflectivity of skin. Thermal emission from skin, on the other hand, is an intrinsic measurement that can be isolated from external illumination. We examine the invariance of Long-Wave InfraRed ... |
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| Imaging Sensor & Electronics Assembly for a Responsive Space Experiment |
2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Massie; Paul D. LeVan; NOVA SENSORS SOLVANG CA
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| An overview of the sensor assembly for an upcoming responsive space demonstration is provided. The "top down" methodology establishing the design baselines, including the sensor array selection, is described in the context of a responsive space payload. The detailed design is then presented. Finally, new data products obtained with the engineering and flight model assemblies for the imager are analyzed and discussed. |
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Infrared Detection and Detectors
