| Water: US Strategic Response to Conflicts Over a Finite Resource |
25-Feb-2009 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Theodore W Munchmeyer; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
 | Useable water is a limited commodity needed to sustain life. Nations throughout history have threatened the use of force on each other over access, quality and the quantities drawn from shrinking available sources. Many current publications argue future wars will result not from access to oil, but from disagreements on finite water resources. However, despite the rhetoric, few if any conflicts can be considered the sole reason for nations to ... |
|
| Applying an Avian Index of Biological Integrity to Assess and Monitor Arid and Semi-arid Riparian Ecosystems |
Jan-2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Michael P Guilfoyle; James S Wakeley; Richard A Fischer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Effective tools to monitor and evaluate ecosystem change are needed to measure the impacts of human activity and determine whether ecosystem protection or restoration are needed or are even reasonable options to minimize continued degradation and loss of natural resources (Karr 1991, 2005; Karr and Chu 1999). The problem is how to accurately measure and monitor human induced impacts in highly complex and continually changing environments. The Index of Biological ... |
|
| Conflicts Over Water as a Resource |
23-Apr-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
James Cooksey; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| The operational environment continues to expand as more elements requiring consideration grow in importance and interaction. A specific element that operational planners must consider when assessing political and military objectives of belligerents, and how those objectives may shape military operations, is water as a natural resource. This paper defines water as a resource and then examines two regions having water scarcity affecting inter-state relations to include affecting military objectives and ... |
|
| Potable Water Quality Management Guidance Document |
01-Sep-2007 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Jenny Lagerquist; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA
|
| The document provides guidance and potential solutions to Navy installations drinking water distribution system issues. The document focuses on issues and solutions to disinfection by product formation. |
|
| Biotechnology Industry |
2007 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Kyle D. Campbell; Gene Clemen; Paul Denham; Greg Dodson; Denise Flanagan; Dale Goble; Deirdre Mahon; Joanne Martin; Rick Merrill; Mike Milford; INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| Biotechnology is a diverse and promising industry, but it is not without challenges. The impact on our lives is already being felt, and all indications point to a future of unprecedented changes. Genetically modified (GM) organisms are being used to increase crop production, bacteria to remediate contaminated areas, and even fetal calf skin to grow human soft tissues. Concurrently our nation is seeking biotechnology answers for a variety of national ... |
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| Evaluation of Soil Loss and Erosion Control Measures on Ranges and Range Structures at Installations in Temperate Climates |
JUN 2006 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Niels G. Svendsen; Prasanta K. Kalita; Dick L. Gebhart; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The Department of Defense operates the largest and most diverse training enterprise in the world. The Army has under its authority 1.3 million uniformed and civilian personnel at over 4100 locations using over 61 million square kilometers of land. Providing realistic and effective training is a key element in fulfilling the military mission. The sustainable use of military training lands presents a challenge to maintaining combat preparedness. Range managers need ... |
|
| Analysis of the U.S. Water Infrastructure from a Security Perspective |
15 MAR 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Paul L. Grosskruger; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The U.S. National Security Strategy for Homeland Security identifies the U.S. water infrastructure as one of the nation's critical infrastructures. Experts and several reports to Congress point out the vulnerabilities of domestic water supply and distribution systems to terrorism and the ramifications of a successful attack. Starting in the late 1990s the federal government implemented a host of actions intended to protect domestic water supplies. Despite these efforts critical vulnerabilities ... |
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| Sampling and Mapping Soil Erosion Cover Factor for Fort Richardson, Alaska. Integrating Stratification and an Up-Scaling Method |
MAR 2006 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Guangxing Wang; George Gertner; Alan B. Anderson; Heidi Howard; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| When a ground and vegetation cover factor related to soil erosion is mapped with the aid of remotely sensed data, a cost-efficient sample design to collect ground data and obtain an accurate map is required. However, the supports used to collect ground data are often smaller than the desirable pixels used for mapping, which leads to complexity in developing procedures for sample design and mapping. For these purposes, a sampling ... |
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| Cold Regions Data Acquisition and Analysis for Section 227 National Shoreline Erosion Control Development and Demonstration Program Miami Park South, Allegan County, Michigan |
SEP 2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Lawrence W. Gatto; Christopher R. Williams; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Bank recession resulting from erosion and mass failure is a consequence of hydraulic forces and geotechnical processes. One important set of processes is soil freeze-thaw (FT) cycling and associated ground-ice growth and melt. In regions where seasonal frost forms soil FT processes usually cause more bank recession annually than other processes. The magnitude of FT effects is variable depending on soil type water content and freezing rate. The stability of ... |
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| Interim Guidance for the Sanitary Control and Surveillance of Field Water Supplies |
15 JUL 2005 |
202 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This publication provides interim detailed technical guidance and recommendations for the sanitary control and surveillance of land-based field water support. The guidance and recommendations will help ensure field water supplies are potable in order to protect and enhance the health and performance of the warfighter. |
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| Integrated Water Resources Development and Management within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) |
JUL 2005 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
PRETORIA UNIV (SOUTH AFRICA)
|
| Southern Africa is characterized by a large number of international river basins, inherent climatic variability, and a natural maldistribution of perennial rivers. The region also has a history of political instability, driven by liberation struggles against the former colonial powers, apartheid and the Cold War. Southern Africa's transboundary rivers and their associated ecosystems could become either drivers of peace and economic integration or sources of endemic conflict. Water scarcity has ... |
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| Can the U.S. Do More to Help Avert a World Water Shortage |
18 MAR 2005 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Debbra Head; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The world's fresh water supply is demonstrating signs of strain. Population increases and the resulting agricultural irrigation demands are consuming more water resources than many regions already possess and those already stressed regions are the ones projected to have some of the largest population growth in the years ahead. The transboundary nature of many rivers, the major water supplier for many regions, provides the catalyst for conflict, thus posing a ... |
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| The Technology Roadmap for Plant/Crop-Based Renewable Resources 2020 |
2005 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC
|
| The technological success of the petrochemical industry is a tough act to follow. Industry and consumers have come to expect an unending stream of new and improved plastics and other materials to be provided in unlimited quantities. The fossil fuels from which the industry works however are finite and often imported-so we need an additional source of durable high-performance materials. Renewable materials from home-grown crops trees and agricultural wastes can ... |
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| Rapid Soil Stabilization and Strengthening Using Electrokinetic Techniques |
DEC 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Sean W. Morefield; Michael K. McInerney; Vincent F. Hock; Orange S. Marshall Jr; Philip G. Malone; Charles A. Weiss Jr; Joan Sanchez; CORPS OF ENGINEERS VICKSBURG MS
|
| The Army has a requirement to develop methods of strengthening soil to support rapid runway and roadway construction. A study was undertaken on the use of DC current applied to soil to form cementing phases in the soil. Preliminary work was on the use of zinc. aluminum. and iron in a variety of granular materials. Metal ions primarily form soft metal hydroxide gels that produce no immediate soil strengthening. Passing ... |
|
| Conceptual Models to Support Environmental Planning and Operations |
SEP 2004 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Jim E. Henderson; L. J. O'Neil; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The purpose of this technical note is to provide guidelines on the use of conceptual models to improve system-wide planning and operation of water resource projects of the Corps of Engineers. Conceptual models provide a tool to represent, communicate, and analyze the structure, functions, and hierarchical relationships of the systems affected by Corps activities. The movement toward ecosystem restoration projects and toward sustainability of economic and ecologically viable systems has ... |
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| The Ecosystem Functions Model: A Tool for Restoration Planning |
SEP 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
John T. Hickey; Chris N. Dunn; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The Ecosystem Functions Model (EFM) is a planning tool that analyzes ecosystem response to changes in flow regime. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) is developing the EFM and envisions environmental planners, biologists, and engineers using the model to help determine whether proposed alternatives (e.g., reservoir operations or levee alignments) would maintain, enhance, or diminish ecosystem health. Project teams can use the EFM to visualize existing ... |
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| Variations in Field-Scale Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations in Runoff as a Function of Land-Use Practice |
SEP 2004 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; Harry L. Eakin; Carlos E. Ruiz; John W. Barko; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The purpose of this research was to examine nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in runoff at the field-scale level (i.e., homogeneous land-use plot) over a variety of land-use practices. Land-use practices included animal containment/barnyard areas, corn production fields, alfalfa and grass hayfields, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields, and woodlots located in the upper Eau Galle River Watershed, west-central Wisconsin. The watershed is dominated by agricultural and dairy livestock land-use practices. Results ... |
|
| Field Indicators and Literature Summary for an Arid Southwestern Aquatic Resource Delineation at Twentynine Palms, CA |
APR 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Lichvar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| In 1994, the U.S. Marine Corps Air-Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) in Twentynine Palms, CA, requested a delineation of their aquatic resources. MCAGCC is located within the central Mojave Desert, where annual precipitation levels are insufficient to produce the three parameters typical of wetlands (i.e. vegetation, soils, and hydrology). At MCAGCC, two major aquatic resource types other than wetlands regulated under the Clean Water Act (CWA) as "Waters of the United ... |
|
| Industry Studies 2004: Biotechnology |
2004 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph E. Goldberg; Harry Dorsey; Paul Bartone; Bill Ortman; Paul Ashcraft; Stan Burlingame; Anna L. Carter; Robin D. Cofer; John Elwood; Jim Guerts; INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| The United States is the world leader in all aspects of the biotechnology industry and biotechnology is quickly becoming a major industrial player in the United States and globally. The biotech arena touches multiple facets of a number of industries: medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, defense, and others. Biotechnology is still an immature industry that has yet to reach its potential, but will likely have an impact on almost every aspect ... |
|
| A National Survey of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Participants on Environmental Effects, Wildlife Issues, and Vegetation Management on Program Lands |
JUL 2003 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur W. Allen; Mark W. Vanderever; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FORT COLLINS SCIENCE CENTER CO
|
| A national survey of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contractees was completed to obtain information about environmental and social effects of the program on participants, farms, and communities. Of interest were observations concerning wildlife, attitudes about long-term management of program lands, and effectiveness of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) assistance in relation to these issues. Surveys were delivered to 2,189 CRP participants with a resultant response rate of 64.5%. Retired farmers ... |
|
| Water After War: Securing a Lasting Peace |
22 APR 2003 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Debora C. Richert; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Useable water is in short supply in Iraq. Ecologically, economically, and politically, water is a finite resource out of balance with the needs of man and nature. With 80% of the available water being consumed by irrigation, this shortage of water will have an increasingly adverse impact on the region which is growing by 3.2% each year. For the south of Iraq, where an entire marshland ecosystem has collapsed, the ... |
|
| National Environmental Change Information System Case Study |
NOV 2001 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
S. J. Goodman; R. Ritschard; M. G. Estes; U. Hatch; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION HUNTSVILLE AL GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
|
| The Global Hydrology and Climate Center and NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a fact-finding case study for the Data Management Working Group (DMWG) now referred to as the Data and Information Working Group (DIWG), of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) to determine the feasibility of an interagency National Environmental Change Information System (NECIS). In order to better understand the data and information needs of policy and decision ... |
|
| Index of Stations - Surface-Water Data-Collection Network of Texas, September 1999 |
2001 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
S. C. Gandara; D. L. Barbie; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigations of the water resources of Texas are conducted in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, International Boundary and Water Commission, river authorities, cities, counties, and other government or water agencies. Investigations are under the general direction of the District Chief, Texas District. The address of the Texas District office is 8027 Exchange Drive, Austin, TX ... |
|
| Foot Traffic Effects on Grassland Soil Properties at the U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado |
DEC 1999 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
R. C. Whitecotton; Mark B. David; Robert G. Darmody; David L. Price; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Soils and vegetation are subjected to stress and disturbance under human foot traffic. This study was conducted to determine whether training at the U.S. Air Force Academy adversely impacted soils and vegetation. In the summer of 1998, the effects of training on bulk density, infiltration, soil water holding capacity, soil total C and N concentrations, soil C:N ratio, total above ground biomass, and litter layer were ... |
|
| Freshwater Decision Makers' Information Needs |
DEC 1999 |
|
| Authors:
RAND CORP WASHINGTON DC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INST
|
 | This project was launched as a follow up to the Freshwater Imperative, which was initiated in 1990. The project was developed as a three- phase effort to identify priority research issues based on the needs of decision makers. The purpose of the Freshwater Decision Makers' Information Needs (FIN) is straightforward: to enhance the use of scientific information by those responsible for managing, restoring and conserving freshwater systems by strengthening the ... |
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| Freshwater Decision Makers' Information Needs |
1999 |
|
| Authors:
RAND CORP WASHINGTON DC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INST
|
| This project was launched as a follow up to the Freshwater imperative, which was initiated in 1990. The project was developed as a three- phase effort to identify priority research issues based on the needs of decision makers. The purpose of the Freshwater Decision Makers' information Needs (FIN) is straightforward: to enhance the use of scientific information by those responsible for managing, restoring and conserving freshwater systems by strengthening the ... |
|
| Building a New Vision for the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California: Options for Key Policy Decisions |
SEP 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Lloyd Dixon; Jim Dewar; Ellen Pint; Robert Reichardt; Ed Edelman; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) is currently reevaluating its vision for its role in the Southern California water industry. This vision is about how water is priced and allocated in Southern California. It is about the set of policies and programs that determine infrastructure investments and how they are paid for. And, perhaps most fundamentally, it is about the division of responsibilities ... |
|
| Hydropolitics and the Prospect for Peace in the Arab- Israeli Conflict |
JUN 1998 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory W. Gombert; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Of all the disagreements associated with the present Arab-Israeli conflict, perhaps none is more important than the discord and outright hostility generated by the increasing absence of the most fundamental of all human needs, water. Since the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip began after the 1967 Six Day War, Israeli military orders have denied Palestinian involvement in the management and development ... |
|
| Wetland Shoreline Protection and Erosion Control: Design Considerations |
JAN 1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note summarizes information and documented experience concerning wetland protection and erosion control along channels and shorelines. The causes and mechanisms of erosion are described, and general design requirements that should be considered when planning an erosion control project are outlined. |
|
| Water Use Conflicts in the West: Implications of Reforming the Bureau of Reclamation's Water Supply Policies |
AUG 97 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Marca Weinberg; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Conflict among water users is part of the history of the American West. The conflicts have changed over the years but have not gone away. Environmentalists, who want water to be left in the rivers to preserve threatened species, are now competing with urban and agricultural users for the West's limited water resources. Native American water rights, long ignored, are also receiving more attention. The federal government is a key ... |
|
| Vegetation Response to a Water Level Experiment |
JUL 97 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ONALASKA WI ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL CENTER
|
| The Saint Louis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), has been experimenting with water levels on Pools 24, 25, and 26 since 1994. The experiment is being performed in cooperation with the Pool 25 Natural Resources Management Committee, an interagency group dedicated to improving habitat in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain. The experiment was thought to be successful in 1994 although little quantitative data were obtained. The COE agreed ... |
|
| U.S. Geological Survey Subsidence Interest Group Conference, Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 14-16, 1995 |
1997 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Keith R. Prince; S. A. Leake; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Land subsidence is the loss of surface elevation as a result of the removal of subsurface support. The mechanisms by which this can occur may be natural in origin or induced by human activities. Common causes of land subsidence include the removal of oil, gas, and water from underground reservoirs; dissolution of limestone aquifers (sinkholes); underground mining activities; drainage of organic soils; and hydrocompaction (the initial wetting of dry soils). ... |
|
| Navy Water Conservation Guide for Shore Activities |
JUL 1996 |
144 pages |
| Authors:
Theresa Hoffard; Daniel T. Magro; Maria A. Zendejas; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA
|
| Water conservation is essential to mission readiness in the Navy. Without adequate water supplies no mission can continue, and with the demand for fresh water ever increasing, the need to conserve grows. Consumptive use permits and restricted availability to new water sources, already a reality for many installations, will soon encompass the entire Navy. Conserving water will save money, project a positive image to the local community, and help preserve ... |
|
| Monitoring of Sediments and Nonpoint Source Pollution Removal at the Spring Creek Wetland Project, Bowman-Haley Lake, North Dakota |
OCT 95 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Charles W. Downer; Tommy E. Myers; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Bowman-Haley Reservoir is a popular lake located along the western part of the North Dakota/South Dakota border. The lake was constructed in 1966 as a flood control and water supply reservoir. Although little of the water in the lake has been used for water supply, the lake became a popular recreation area due to a general lack of water-related activities available in the semiarid region. The lake initially had good ... |
|
| Water Conservation Study, U.S. Army Alaska (USARAK), Ft. Richardson, Alaska |
OCT 95 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
EMC ENGINEERS INC DENVER CO
|
| The purpose of this water conservation study is to conduct a limited site survey and evaluate energy use and savings, estimate construction costs and water savings and provide a cost-to-savings ratio associated with repairing the leaks in the domestic water distribution system at Ft. Richardson, Alaska. |
|
| Challenges for U.S. Agricultural Research Policy |
SEP 95 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT WASHINGTON DC
|
| Agricultural productivity has increased markedly in recent years-more rapidly, in fact, than productivity in the overall U.S. economy. Many attribute a large part of this growth to public sector agricultural research, which is carried out primarily by land grant universities and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's research agencies. Despite this success, however, new budget constraints, scientific advances, and public demands for environmental safety are presenting the agricultural research system with ... |
|
| Pesticide Movement in Soils: A Comparison of No-Tillage and Conventional Tillage in the Beaver Creek Watershed in West Tennessee |
1995 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa D. Olsen; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON DC
|
| In 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey began a long-term project to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural best management practices (BMP's) on controlling soil erosion and improving water quality in the Beaver Creek watershed in West Tennessee. The Beaver Creek watershed consists of about 95,000 acres and includes some of the Nation's most productive farmland and most highly erodible soils. Resource-management agencies in this locality have recommended conservation tillage or "no-tillage" ... |
|
| Geomorphic and Sedimentation Investigation of the 15 June 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, the Philippines |
MAY 94 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
Monte L. Pearson; Karl W. Eriksen; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL LAB
|
| This investigation provides a geomorphic framework and sedimentation analysis for five basins affected by the catastrophic eruption of Mount Pinatubo, The Philippines, on 15 June 1991. Medium- to fine-grained pyroclastic- flow material of approximately 5.6 billion cubic meters was deposited in the upper watershed areas around Mount Pinatubo. Rainfall-runoff has rapidly eroded eruption material, causing lahars that have flooded low-lying areas. Flooding and sedimentation from Mount Pinatubo lahars have displaced ... |
|
| Agricultural Uses of Yazoo River Dredged Material. Report 1. Cotton Production on Dredged Material in a Thick-Layer Confined Disposal Facility |
JUL 93 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Price; Paul R. Schroeder; Larry E. Banks; Johnny G. Sanders; David R. Johnson; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The use of Yazoo River dredged material for improving farmland considered marginal for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production was studied as an alternative to thick-layer confinement methods. The thick-layer confinement methods were not well received by landowners along the Yazoo River because of the loss of productive farmland by placement of confined disposal facilities (CDF) and lack of agricultural benefit. Disposal of Yazoo River dredged material in a shallow layer ... |
|
| Sequential Nitrification/Identification in Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands. A Literature Review |
DEC 92 |
|
| Authors:
Frank W. Titus; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN DEPT OF ENGINEERING
|
| Even though there is currently no consensus on the design of subsurface flow constructed wetlands, the ability of constructed wetlands to meet municipal wastewater requirements is well documented. Nitrogen removal appears from the existing performance data to be one of the primary problems with these systems. The negative effects of excessive levels of nitrogen on the aquatic environment include eutrophication of receiving waters and the increased risk of methemoglobinemia in ... |
|
| Bureau Of Reclamation: Central Valley Project Cost Allocation Overdue and New Method Needed |
31 MAR 92 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
|
| This report responds to requests to examine how the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation allocates construction costs for the Central Valley Project (CVP). The CVP, located in California's Central Valley Basin, is the Bureau's largest water resource project, with authorized construction costs totaling $6.55 billion as of September 30,1990. Initially authorized by the Congress under the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1935, construction of the CVP continues today, ... |
|
| Identification of Barriers to More Effective Agricultural Water Management in the Salinas River Valley |
DEC 91 |
|
| Authors:
Robert E. Pottberg; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Salinas River Valley is currently in it's fifth straight year of drought. Groundwater is becoming increasingly more important to the economic future of this agriculturally dominated valley. Continued consumption of groundwater at the current rate threatens the economic and environmental future of the Valley through excessive overdrafting of the underlying aquifer and through the phenomenon of seawater intrusion. This thesis identifies the physical, economic, social and political barriers to ... |
|
| Analysis of Agricultural Field Trials in the Presence of Outliers and Fertility Jumps |
18 SEP 91 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Ross Taplin; Adrian E. Raftery; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE DEPT OF STATISTICS
|
| The object of most agricultural field trials is to assess the effect of treatment on yields. This must be done in the presence of unknown fertility trends through the field. Many stochastic models for these fertility trends have been proposed and shown to be efficient competitors to classical blocking designs. In this paper we shall restrict attention to trials where plot fertilities are correlated in only one direction. In the ... |
|
| Market Allocation of Agricultural Water Resources in the Salinas River Valley |
DEC 90 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
John P. Neagley; Robert T. O'Brien Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The current drought conditions that the Central California coast has been facing and the increasing threat of saltwater intrusion have forced the Salinas Valley to consider alternatives that provide for conserving and allocating limited groundwater resources. Currently, groundwater resources are treated as a common pool resource where there are no clearly defined property rights for groundwater and there is no regulation of use. This thesis examines the question of how ... |
|
| Runoff Prediction Uncertainty for Ungauged Agricultural Watersheds |
DEC 90 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Goldman; Miguel A. Marino; Arlen D. Feldman; HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING CENTER DAVIS CA
|
| A physically based stochastic watershed model is used to estimate runoff prediction uncertainty for small agricultural watersheds in Hastings, Nebraska. The stochastic nature of the model results from postulating a probabilistic model for parameter estimation and input errors. The key factors. assumed to contribute to prediction uncertainty are errors in estimating infiltration parameters and moisture conditions prior to a rainfall event. The error distributions for parameter estimates are inferred from ... |
|
| JPRS Report China |
29 JUN 90 |
|
| Authors:
JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA
|
| This report from China contains articles on International Affairs, Economics, Agriculture and Regional affairs. |
|
| A Climatic Basis for Planning Military Training Operations and Land Maintenance Activities |
JUN 90 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Victor E. Diersing; Jeffrey A. Courson; Steven D. Warren; David J. Tazik; Robert B. Shaw; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Military training exercises are generally scheduled without consideration of annual variation in climatic conditions. Thus, many heavy, mechanized maneuvers are inadvertently conducted when soils are likely to be wet. This causes needless damage to soil and vegetation which reduces the amount of additional training use the land can receive. This report presents the results of an investigation of the utility of long-term precipitation and temperature data for military land-use planning. ... |
|
| An Analysis of the Surface Hydrology in the Galena Watershed: 1940-1987 |
12 APR 90 |
|
| Authors:
John P. Baker; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON DEPT OF GEOGRAPHY
|
| This study attempts to evaluate the influence of soil conservation practices on the surface hydrology in the Galena watershed. Poor soil conservation practices within the watershed from the mid-1800s until the mid- 1900s increased surface runoff while decreasing baseflow. The poor soil conservation practices affected soil erosion, flood magnitudes, channel morphology, and sedimentation processes. The influence of poor soil conservation practices within the Galena watershed reached a maximum during the ... |
|
| General Accounting Office's View on the Conservation Provisions of the 1990 Farm Bill |
15 MAR 90 |
|
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
|
| This document presents for the record GAO's views on soil and water programs related to the Food Security Act of 1985, and on potential changes the Congress may want to consider for the 1990 farm bill. This statement is based primarily on information contained in three GAO reports and on-going work for Chairman E. (Kika) de la Garza, House Agriculture Committee, on conservation compliance and for Chairman Mike Synar, Environment ... |
|
| Proceedings of the International Symposium on Frozen Soil Impacts on Agricultural, Range, and Forest Lands Held at Spokane, Washington on March 21- 22, 1990 |
MAR 90 |
|
| Authors:
Keith R. Cooley; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Partial Contents: Frozen Soil Impacts on Agricultural, Range, and Forest Lands-An Introduction; Frozen Soil, Runoff and Soil Erosion Research in Northeastern Oregon; Nature of the Cryic Thermal Regime of Agricultural Soils in the Yukon Territory, Canada; Soil Freezing in a Subarctic Deciduous Forest; Tillage and Crop Residue Effects of Soil Frost Depth; Comparison of Numerical Simulations with Experimental Data for a Prototype Artificial Ground Freezing; Effect of Freeze-Thaw Activity on ... |
|
Agricultural Engineering
