| Unified Pilot-Induced Oscillation Theory, Volume 3. PIO Analysis Using Multivariable Methods |
DEC 95 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
Mark R. Anderson; Anthony B. Page; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG DEPT OF AEROSPACE AND OCE AN ENGINEERING
|
 | This work was conducted as part of a USAF initiative to develop a comprehensive theory to predict pilot-induced oscillation (PIO) tendencies due to the combined effect of all influencing elements. A PIO is a very complicated phenomenon stemming from a dynamic interaction between the pilot and the aircraft. When tight control is required of the pilot, an undesired oscillation can result. However, the adaptive nature of the human pilot makes ... |
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| Unified Pilot-Induced Oscillation Theory. Volume 1. PIO Analysis with Linear and Nonlinear Effective Vehicle Characteristics, Including Rate Limiting |
DEC 95 |
300 pages |
| Authors:
David H. Klyde; Duane T. McCruer; Thomas T. Myers; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CA
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| This work was conducted as part of a USAF initiative to develop a comprehensive theory to predict pilot-induced oscillation (PIO) tendencies due to the combined effect of all influencing elements. A PIO is a very complicated phenomenon stemming from a dynamic interaction between the pilot and the aircraft. When tight control is required from the pilot, an undesired oscillation can result. However, the adaptive nature of the human pilot makes ... |
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| Unified Pilot-Induced Oscillation Theory. Volume 4. Time-Domain Neal- Smith Criterion |
DEC 95 |
211 pages |
| Authors:
Randall E. Bailey; Timothy J. Bidlack; CALSPAN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY CENTER BUFFALO NY
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| This work was conducted as part of a USAF initiative to develop a comprehensive theory to predict pilot-induced oscillation (PIO) tendencies due to the combined effect of all influencing elements. A PIO is a very complicated phenomenon stemming from a dynamic interaction between the pilot and the aircraft. When tight control is required from the pilot, an undesired oscillation can result. However, the adaptive nature of the human pilot, makes ... |
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| Eye/Voice Mission Planning Interface (EVMPI) |
DEC 95 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Franz Hatfield; Eric A. Jenkins; Michael W. Jennings; SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS INC MCLEAN VA
|
| Pilots and other crew station operators need better ways of interacting with their systems, including more efficient human-machine dialog and better physical interface devices and interaction techniques. The goal of the Eye/Voice Mission Planning Interface (EVMPI) research is to integrate voice recognition and eye-tracking technology with aviation displays in order to reduce pilot cognitive and manual workload. The EVMPI technology allows an operator to gaze on user interface items of ... |
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| Reducing Lag in Virtual Displays Using Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation |
DEC 95 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
David W. Kyger; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation is an effective method for reducing lag in virtual environment displays. Lag in displays (the time from head motion to the appearance of the proper image on the display) is a significant detriment to realism in virtual environments. Increasing the speed of the computers which control the virtual display is not a final answer. No matter how fast the processors work, there will always be demands ... |
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| Reasons for Implementing Modeling and Simulation Technologies in Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training |
DEC 95 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph S. Mattoon; ARMSTRONG LAB WILLIAMS AFB AZ AIRCREW TRAINING RESEARCH DIV
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| An investigation of Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training (SUPT) within the U.S. Air Force's Air Education and Training Command (AETC) revealed some major challenges to effective and efficient pilot training. The implementation of modeling and simulation technologies and associated training methods were proposed as potential solutions to address these challenges. Solutions included a proficiency-tracking system that advances students as a function of individual performance; desktop simulation trainers to improve dynamic cognitive ... |
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| Assessing the Performance Impact of G-Forces: Design of the Acceleration Performance Assessment Simulation System(A-PASS) |
DEC 95 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. O'Donnell; Rebecca Cardenas; Douglas Eddy; Robert Shaw; NTI INC DAYTON OH
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| A performance assessment system for use on a man-rated centrifuge is discussed. The problem of measuring human performance during high G flight simulation is addressed. This research addressed the fundamental problem of using laboratory data to assess the operational military impact (OMI) of physiological stresses. First, a battery of flight task simulations was conceptualized, based on current performance assessment theory. Second, a procedure was demonstrated for converting laboratory measures from ... |
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| Tactile Feedback for a Force-Reflecting Haptic Display |
DEC 95 |
112 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Hasser; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| This thesis describes the development of custom-built tactile feedback hardware and its integration with an available force-reflecting haptic interface. Design requirements were motivated strongly by the characteristics of the human tactile sense as well as the biomechanical characteristics of the human finger. The work explores the feasibility of various actuators, and selects a small solenoid actuator for application in a closed-loop force control tactile feedback system. An adaptive PI algorithm ... |
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| Real-Time Sensing of Human Body Segment Position and Orientation Using Inertial Guidance Methods and Microminiature Technology. STTR Phase 1 |
30 NOV 95 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J. Maxwell; HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT INC ARLINGTON TX
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| In this Phase 1 project, the feasibility of a compact completely body-worn and wireless means for sensing and communicating a human?'s position and body segment orientation in 3D space was demonstrated. The 'total human' - 'total system' approach introduced emphasized: (1) the study of human motion characteristics, (2) the human factors of such systems, and (3) exploritation of rapidly evolving base technologies (e.g., inertial guidance and earth magnetic field sensors, ... |
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| Tactical Situation Displays: Integrated Versus Separate Information Presentation |
30 NOV 95 |
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| Authors:
P. O. Passenier; J. H. van Delft; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
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 | In the scope of a study on tactical situation displays in the cockpit of modern fighter aircraft, a simulator experiment has been conducted on integrated ('highway in the sky') versus separate presentation of flight information. Results of the experiment show that the 'highway in the sky' especially for 'slow' tasks (slow in relation to aircraft dynamics) leads to more accurate flight performance because of the integrated feedback of the aircraft ... |
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| Knowledge-Based Functions in Aerospace Systems (Systemes de Guidage et de Pilotage Aerospatiaux a Base de Systemes Experts) |
NOV 95 |
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| Authors:
Heinz Winter; Milton B. Adams; Mark T. Maybury; Gilles Champigneux; ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRAN CE)
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| In aerospace systems classical control technology has enabled the transfer of functions of the human operator to machines which need not be based on the explicit evaluation of knowledge. Symbolic data processing, neural networks and the techniques of artificial intelligence now permit the design of automatic systems which can explicity make use of knowledge stored in computers. The Lecture Series presents a conceptual framework for the automation of knowledge-based control ... |
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| Aviator's Night Vision Imaging System HUD: An Analysis of its Application to Naval Helicopters |
16 OCT 1995 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
D. Peters; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD
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| Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) helicopter pilots routinely utilize Night Vision Goggles to enhance visual capabilities during night operations. The Aviator's Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS) HUD, recently tested on the HH-60H Seahawk, provides the capability to display critical flight parameters to the pilots via goggle-mounted display units, thus minimizing head-down time in the cockpit. As more and more Naval helicopter missions diversify to include CSAR and CSAR support, devices ... |
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| Human Factors in Tele-Inspection and Tele-Surgery |
09 OCT 95 |
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| Authors:
Thomas B. Sheridan; James Thompson; Jianjuen Hu; Mark Ottensmeyer; Jie Ren; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| In telesurgery a physician operates on a remote patient through a two-way communication and telerobot link. This first-year progress report describes development of a telesurgical simulator with force reflection and time delay, simulating what occurs with satellite communication. Also developed was a remotely controlled endoscopic tool. Using the simulator, preliminary experiments have been conducted with human subjects to evaluate alternative means to stabilize control movements under time delay, including a ... |
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| Gender Differences in Emergency Shipboard Damage-Control Task Performance: Human Factors Solutions |
01 OCT 95 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
E. J. Marcinik; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| As an alternative to developing exclusionary performance-based selection standards, the approach of this study was to modify the demands of shipboard damage control tasks by using mechanical aids. Tasks selected included a manikin drag (maximum distance in 30 sec) and a CO2 bottle extinguisher carry (sec). A tether device and a shoulder strap were developed to improve performance on the respective tasks. Subjects were ... |
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| Manuals, Interactive Electronic Technical - General Content, Style, Format, and User-Interaction Requirements |
01 OCT 1995 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Steven C. Holloway; RAPID ACTION CHANGE TEST (ESC/AV-2) DAYTON OH DETACHMENT 2
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| This specification contains common requirements for the general content, style, format, and user interaction features which are required for Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETM). IETMs are digital in form and designed for interactive display to the maintenance technicians or system operator end users by means of a computer controlled an Electronic Display System (EDS). This specification provides requirements governing the creation and development of IETMs and associated presentation software. |
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| The Specification of Users and their Roles |
OCT 95 |
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| Authors:
A. L. Donati; David Beevis; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
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| Although the approach to systems development varies widely, the overall approach to human factors engineering in military system development is usually specified by US ML-STD-46855. The approach set out in MlL-STD-46855 emphasizes analysis and reflects the traditional waterfall model of systems development, although there is nothing inherent in the standard to prevent an iterative approach. A review of ten Canadian Forces development projects concluded that the application of human factors ... |
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| Flightdeck Crew Alerting Issues: An Aviation Safety Reporting System Analysis |
OCT 95 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Albert Rehmann; Robert D. Mitman; Mark Neumeier; Michael C. Reynolds; CREW SYSTEM ERGONOMICS INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER WRIGHT- PATTERSON AFB OH
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| This document describes an analysis of the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database regarding flightdeck crew alerting deficiencies. The ASRS database contains thousands of reports concerning actual or potential deficiencies, which may compromise the safety of aviation operations in the National Aviation System. This analysis searched the ASRS database for incidents of flight technical errors resulting from confusion1 distraction, or annoyance associated with the sounds and lights present in the ... |
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| The Effect of Vehicle Noise and Vibration (Caused by Moving Operations) on Cognitive Performance in the Command and Control Vehicle |
OCT 95 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Tauson; N. W. Doss; Debra J. Rice; Douglas E. Tyrol; Donald Davidson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| To maintain the pace of modern battle and to support the fielding of digital command and control systems, the U.S. Army needed to develop a new command and control vehicle (C2V). As part of an evaluation of human performance on automated command and control tasks in the C2V, this study attempted to quantify the effect of vehicle movement on computer operators. Fourteen subjects, who had computer and tracked vehicle experience, ... |
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| Application of Data Sonification for Enhanced Interpretation of Numerical Model Results |
OCT 95 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Julia A. Baca; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS INFORMATION TECHNOLOG Y LAB
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| This report describes the application of a technique known as data sonification. The technique entails creating auditory mappings for interpreting scientific data. The paper first provides background on research in the use of computer- generated audio for data interpretation. The remainder of the paper discusses a preliminary investigation in which the technique was employed to augment a scientific data visualization. The results of this investigation are reported and directions for ... |
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| Gender Differences in Emergency Shipboard Damage-Control Task Performance: Human Factors Solutions |
OCT 95 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
E. J. Marcinik; C. L. Shake; D. M. Fothergill; T. L. Amerson; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| As an alternative to developing exclusionary performance-based selection standards, the approach of this study was to modify the demands of shipboard damage-control tasks by using mechanical aids. Tasks selected included a mannequin drag (maximum distance in 30 s) and a CO2 bottle extinguisher carry (measured in seconds). A tether device and a shoulder strap were developed to improve performance on the respective tasks. Subjects were 24 women and 23 men ... |
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| Modeling of a Deformable Manikin Neck for Multibody Dynamic Simulation |
OCT 95 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Hashem Ashrafiuon; Robert Colbert; Louise Obergefell; Ints Kaleps; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
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| The Articulated Total Body (ATE) is a rigid body dynamics computer model of the human body used at the Armstrong Laboratory (AL). The model is used to predict the kinetic response of the human body in different dynamic environments such as aircraft pilot ejections, sled tests, etc. In order to predict the response accurately, however, a rigid body dynamics model may not be sufficient. This is particularly true for the ... |
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| Real Time Control of Reasoning |
08 SEP 95 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew L. Ginsberg; OREGON UNIV EUGENE
|
| This award led to six major technical advances during the contract period. Several of these (approximate planning, dynamic backtracking and limited discrepancy search) promise to substantially change the way various AI subcommunities solve problems. Approximate planning formalizes an approach to planning that, instead of being correct (every plan returned achieves the goal) and complete (all such plans are returned), is approximately correct and complete, in that most plans returned achieve ... |
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| Gender Differences in Emergency Shipboard Damage-Control Task Performance. Human Factors Solutions |
01 SEP 95 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
E. J. Marcinik; C. L. Shake; D. M. Fothergill; T. L. Amerson; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| As an alternative to developing exclusionary performance-based selection standards, the approach of this study was to modify the demands of shipboard damage control tasks by using mechanical aids. Tasks selected included a manikin drag (maximum distance in 30 sec) and a CO2 bottle extinguisher carry (sec). A tether device and a shoulder strap were developed to improve performance on the respective tasks. Subjects were 24 women and 23 men stationed ... |
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| Physical Fitness Training to Improve the Manual Handling Capability of Women |
01 SEP 95 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph Knapik; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| This annual report provides preliminary data on a study examining the influence of a combined resistance and aerobic training program on the manual material handling (MMH) capability and road marching performance of female soldiers, subjects were 21 female soldiers, 13 of which completed all phases of the investigation. They trained for 14 weeks, performing progressive resistance training 3 days per week, and running and interval training 2 days per week. ... |
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| Low-Echelon Command and Control for Fire Support. The SMART FO Program |
SEP 95 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Thomas; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| During March, April 1993, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) conducted a series of successful field tests to determine the feasibility of attacking a moving target with indirect artillery fire. The tests involved an MlO9 howitzer with an on-board ballistic computer, and a forward observer (FO) equipped with a laser range finder and a laptop computer. The forward observer's computer provides the capability for the observer to input a target ... |
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| Battlefield Behavior of Neutrals and Hostiles: Models for the Team Tactical Engagement Simulator (TTES) |
SEP 95 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Judith H. Lind; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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| This study has been conducted to define typical battlefield behaviors for five groups of hostiles and neutrals who might be encountered in combat: (1) Standard Elite Troops, (2) Average Irregulars, (3) Isolated Criminals, (4) Frightened Civilians, and (5) Unfriendly Civilians. Results can be used in modeling computer-controlled hostiles and neutrals (CCH/Ns) in the joint Marine Corps-Navy Team Tactical Engagement Simulator (TTES), a deployable, flexible virtual reality training system. Military personnel ... |
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| Human Interaction within a Virtual Environment for Shipboard Training |
SEP 95 |
106 pages |
| Authors:
James E. O'Byrne; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The problem addressed by this research is that the existing Damage Control Virtual Environment Trainer (DC VET) simulator is deficient in the capability of presenting information about the environment. First, it lacks facilities for explaining the functions of engineroom equipment such as; boilers, pumps, gauges, switches and valves. Second, it lacks a facility to instruct users by a 'Virtual Instructor/Guide'. The approach taken was to refine the DC VET simulator ... |
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| Face Recognition From One Example View |
SEP 95 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
David Beymer; Tomaso Poggio; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
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| To create a pose-invariant face recognizer, one strategy is the view- based approach, which uses a set of example views at different poses. But what if we only have one example view available, such as a scanned passport photo - can we still recognize faces under different poses? Given one example view at a known pose, it is still possible to use the view-based approach by exploiting prior knowledge of ... |
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| Vectorizing Face Images by Interleaving Shape and Texture Computations |
SEP 95 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
David Beymer; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
|
| The correspondence problem in computer vision is basically a matching task between two or more sets of features. Computing feature correspondence is of great importance in computer vision, especially in the subfields of object recognition, stereo, and motion. In this paper, we introduce a vectorized image representation, which is a feature-based representation where correspondence has been established with respect to a reference image. The representation consists of two image measurements ... |
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| Biodynamic and Spasticity Reduction in Joystick Control Via Force Reflection |
SEP 95 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel W. Repperger; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| When pilots are subjected to exogonous environmental influences such as complex acceleration fields during unusual aircraft maneuvers, these effects disturb the normal motion of the human body producing undesired biodynamic effects. These disturbances, in turn, affect how the pilot controls his aircraft. Thus, it becomes a problem of interest to investigate joystick controllers that show some resistance to these untoward effects. Force reflection algorithms, when applied to a joystick controller ... |
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| Evaluating a Multimedia Authoring Tool |
28 AUG 95 |
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| Authors:
Bonnie E. John; Matthew M. Mashyna; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
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| We present a detailed case study, drawn from many information sources, of a computer scientist learning and using Cognitive Walkthrough to assess a multi-media authoring tool. We then compare the predictions produced by the analysis to the usability problems actually found though empirical usability tests. This study results in several clear messages to both system designers and to developers of evaluation techniques: (1) the Cognitive Walkthrough technique is currently learnable ... |
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| Physical Evaluation of the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) Helmet Display Unit (HDU) |
14 AUG 95 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas H. Harding; Howard H. Beasley; John S. Martin; Clarence E. Rash; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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| The Helmet Display Unit (HDU) of the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) of the AH-64 Apache helicopter was evaluated to establish baseline data for performance figures-of-merit for comparison of future helmet mounted display designs. Measured parameters included physical and optical eye relief, exit pupil size, and position, field-of-view, luminance range, transmittance and reflectance characteristics, and static and temporal response. |
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| Real-Time Telemetry Data Interface to Graphics Workstation |
03 AUG 95 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Amy Sidorovich; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD
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| The demand for additional oomputing power and more sophisticated graphics displays to strengthen real-time flight testing prompted the Real-time Systems Team to turn to graphics workstations. In order to drive graphics displays with real-time data, the questions became, "What interface to use?" and "How to integrate workstations into our existing telemetry processing system?". This paper discusses the interface and integration of graphics workstations to the Real-time Telemetry Processing System III ... |
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| The Relationship Among Eye Movements, Head Movements, and Manual Responses in a Simulated Air Traffic Control Task |
AUG 95 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Donna J. Boyer; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
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| Performance of operators in aviation systems is highly dependent on their ability to visually scan information sources, identify problematic situations, and respond appropriately. Scanning behavior has often been mentioned as a contributing factor in the performance of air traffic controllers. An investigation was initiated to identity how alterations in various gaze measures could serve as indices of changes in alertness. As part of that larger investigation, a subset of the ... |
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| Aircraft Evacuations Through Type-III Exits II: Effects of Individual Subject Differences |
AUG 95 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
G. A. McLean; M. H. George; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
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| In recognition of this principle, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has established several Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) to assure that transport category aircraft are designed, manufactured, and operated in a manner that provides passengers an optimum emergency evacuation capability. Regulations that address the emergency evacuation capability of transport category aircraft include Section 25.807, Emergency exits; Section 25.809, Emergency exit arrangement; Section 25.810, Emergency egress assist means and escape routes; Section ... |
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| The Use of Analog Track Angle Error Display for Improving Simulated GPS Approach Performance |
AUG 95 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
C. M. Oman; M. S. Huntley Jr.; S. A. Rasmussen; S. K. Robinson; JOHN A VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER CAMBRIDGE MA
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| The effect of adding track angle error (TAE) information to general aviation aircraft cockpit displays used for GPS nonprecision instrument approaches was studied experimentally. Six pilots flew 120 approaches in a Frasca 242 light twin aircraft simulator using crosswind and turbulence. Twenty- five-mile-long approach geometries were used, with and without 45 degree dogleg turns on final approach. Performance and workload using three TAE display formats were compared against results with ... |
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| Spoken Human-Machine Dialogue Workshop |
31 JUL 95 |
114 pages |
| Authors:
Alan W. Bierman; James N. Brown; Robert F. Helms; David Hislop; Cliff Weinstein; RESEARCH TRIANGLE INST RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC
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| University research in natural language processing has reached a level of maturity that justifies an examination of the potential applications of this technology in the requirements and prototypes that support realization of Army Force XXI capabilities. And, there is a current need to identify and focus future basic research to ensure that the full potential of this technology is realized in both military and civilian applications. The state-of-the-art in natural ... |
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| Interdisciplinary Training in Life Science. (FY91 ASSERT) |
25 JUL 95 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Steinman; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK
|
| This grant supported interdisciplinary training (psychology, neuroscience and computer science) of a graduate student (Julie Epelboim), who earned a Ph.D. in Psychology by participating as a graduate Research Assistant on AFOSR Grants 91-0124 & F49620-94-l-0333, entitled "Coordinated action in 3- D Space". Epelboim's doctoral thesis: "Cognitive and Motor Coordination in Visuomotor Tasks", was successfully defended on July 17, 1995 (Ph.D.-degree will be conferred December 1995). The problems studied during AASERT ... |
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| Maintenance Simulation: Research and Applications |
JUL 95 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
John D. Ianni; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE
|
| Animated human figure models (HFMs) allow maintenance activity to be visualized on computer-aided design (CAD) geometry. These visual simulations have made it possible to simulate a much fuller range of human motion. Armstrong Laboratory's (AL) Design Evaluation for Personnel, Training, and Human Factors (DEPTH) project is taking advantage of these new technologies to improve weapon system design analysis, maintenance training, and logistics support analysis. DEPTH HFMs can be controlled with ... |
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| Video Method of Measuring Field-of-View of Electro-Optical Devices Versus Eye Clearances |
JUL 95 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
William E. McLean; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| A miniature charged couple device (CCD) video camera was used to determine the fields-of-view (FOV) with changes in viewing distances (vertex distance) for the standard 18-mm eyepiece ANVIS, a 25-mm eyepiece ANVIS, and two different diameter nonoptical apertures. The data were graphed and compared with theoretical and subjective values (Kotulak, 1992) for FOVs vs eye clearance for the standard 18-mm eyepiece ANVIS. The results indicate that the video camera used ... |
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| Human Engineering Design Guidelines for a Powered, Full Body Exoskeleton |
JUL 95 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Harrison P. Crowell III; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This report presents human engineering design guidelines for the development of exoskeletons, which can help the Army do its job faster, safer, with fewer people, and at lower cost by augmenting and enhancing the capabilities of individual soldiers. Descriptions of exoskeletons, which have been developed or attempted, are included to provide background information about previous work in this are& Because many of the tasks that soldiers perform require walking and ... |
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| 3-D Model-Based Image Stabilization Using Multiple Visual Cues |
JUL 95 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Y. S. Yao; P. Burlina; R. Chellappa; T. H. Wu; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK CENTER FOR AUTOMATION RESEARCH
|
| This paper studies the problem of image stabilization, defined here as the process of generating a compensated video sequence where image motion resulting from camera motion has been partially or totally removed. The scheme combines various visual cues such as points and horizon lines, and relies on an Extended Kalman Filter for the estimation of parameters of interest. We study both calibrated and uncalibrated stabilization cases. We address the issues ... |
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| Virtual Reality Features of Frame of Reference and Display Dimensionality with Stereopsis: Their Effects on Scientific Visualization |
JUL 95 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Edward P. McCormick; Christopher D. Wickens; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Initial discussion reviews the features of VR and their possible effects of scientific visualization performance. Three of these features: Dimensionality, stereopsis, and frame of reference are modified in an experiment that contrasted performance using a 2D display, and four displays varying in frame of reference (immersed vs. non-immersed) and in the presence of stereoscopic vision. Performance was measured across four separate scientific visualization subtasks: Search, Travel, Local judgment support, and ... |
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| Developing Virtual Interfaces for Use in Future Fighter Aircraft Cockpits |
JUL 95 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
Michael W. Haas; Lawrence J. Hettinger; W. T. Nelson; Robert L. Shaw; LOGICON TECHNICAL SERVICES INC DAYTON OH
|
| The current research was conducted to evaluate the effect of employing multi-sensory displays for fighter aircraft cockpit on the performance of a simulated air combat task. Each of four experienced U.S. Air Force F-16 pilots flew twelve simulated missions which required them to locate and destroy four enemy bombers whose flight path was pre-programmed. Simultaneously, two other pilots were assigned to auxiliary cockpits in the laboratory and flew enemy fighter ... |
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| Force-Reflecting Anthropomorphic Hand Masters |
JUL 95 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Hasser; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| A fully 'present' telerobotic or virtual reality (VR) hand interface would require perfect position, force, and tactile feedback to all of the operator's finger segments. A functional interface must meet a task-dependent subset of these requirements. Most interfaces have developed in the form of an exoskeleton that is worn on the hand. The state of the art in anthropomorphic force reflecting hand exoskeletons is characterized by a small number of ... |
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| Aviation Security Human Factors Test and Evaluation Master Plan for the Airport Demonstration |
20 JUN 95 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
J. L. Fobes; D. M. McAnulty; Brenda A. Klock; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This planning document describes 36 RDT&E activities designed to assess the operational effectiveness of a suite of prototype systems for enhancing screener proficiency on conventional and computed axial tomography X- ray inspection systems. Prototype equipment under test include screener selection test batteries, interface improvements, a connection device, trainers, and performance testing systems. Host platforms, including the InVision CTx 5000, the E(3&O Astrophysics TnT, and the Safe Passage International Limited's Vocation ... |
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| Female Upper Body Dynamic Strength Requirements in High Performance Aircraft. A Selected Bibliography |
01 JUN 95 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Barry S. Shender; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV WARMINSTER PA
|
| The Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women in the Armed Forces has expanded the role of women in the military with its new 'gender- neutral' assignment policy. NAWCADWAR is conducting a series of tests to determine 'gender neutral' dynamic strength requirements for small stature females performing operationally relevant tasks in a high performance cockpit. This report contains a bibliography of the results of a literature review conducted prior to ... |
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| Flight Simulator Visual System Research and Development: A Comprehensive Bibliography |
JUN 95 |
242 pages |
| Authors:
Harold D. Warner; DAYTON UNIV OH RESEARCH INST
|
| This bibliography contains 1,610 references to research and development efforts accomplished over the past 25 years concerning flight simulator visual systems. It includes related work that may be of interest to the flight simulation community. The bibliography encompasses journal articles, technical reports and papers, and conference proceedings. The references are categorized according to the subject matter that is addressed in the cited publication. Overall, there are 45 various subject categories. ... |
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| The Role of Individual Differences in Choice of Strategy and Performance in a Computer-Based Task |
JUN 95 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer A. Bohan; Deborah A. Boehm-Davis; Raphael Marshall; GEORGE MASON UNIV FAIRFAX VA
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| Past research using different learning tasks has consistently shown different performance strategy patterns for field independent and dependent individuals. This research has shown that different computer environments affect how well individuals learn and that learning is dependent upon an individual's cognitive style (Morrison & Noble, 1987; MacGregor, Shapiro, & Niemiec; 1988). other research has shown that there are individual differences (in cognitive ability, perceptual speed, and performance on a noun-pair ... |
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| Helicopter Simulator Sickness: A State-of-the-Art Review of Its Incidence, Causes, and Treatment |
JUN 95 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Robert H. Wright; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
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| For this report, helicopter simulator sickness literature was reviewed and analyzed to estimate the scope of the problem in the Army. The author concluded that pilot reluctance to divulge symptoms, in combination with the survey methods used, leads to underestimation of the incidence and severity of symptoms. Lack of truly anonymous survey procedures and potential adverse flying career consequences are suggested as reasons that the more severe symptoms and aftereffects ... |
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Human Factors Engineering & Man Machine System
