| Multifractal Characterization of Geologic Noise for Improved UXO Detection and Discrimination |
01-Mar-2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Jonthan E Nyquist; Michel Boufadel; TEMPLE UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA
|
 | Pushing sensors and algorithms to the limit to minimize the chance of overlooking unexploded ordnance (UXO) increases the chance that noise will be misidentified as signal and money wasted excavating scrap metal or chucks of magnetic rock. Approaches to improve the signal to noise ratio typically follow one of three tracks: (1) development of new sensors that are either more sensitive, or less noisy; (2) fusion of data from multiple ... |
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| Estimating Cleanup Times Associated With Combining Source-Area Remediation With Monitored Natural Attenuation |
Feb-2008 |
192 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Widdowson; Francis Chapelle; Clifton Casey; Mark Kram; VIRGINIA TECH BLACKSBURG BRADLEY DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER
|
| Under suitable conditions, monitored natural attenuation (MNA) can be a cost-effective strategy for restoring contaminated aquifer systems either as a stand-alone technology or in combination with other engineered remedial actions. However, USEPA guidance specifically requires MNA to achieve site-specific cleanup objectives within a reasonable time frame. Thus, it is necessary to provide estimates of cleanup times whenever MNA is proposed as part of a cleanup strategy. In response, the Natural ... |
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| Advanced Thermally Stable Coal-Based Jet Fuels |
Jan-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Harold Schobert; Bruce Beaver; Andre Boehman; Caroline Clifford; Dominic Santavicca; Robert Santoro; Geoffrey Wilson; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK COAL UTILIZATION CENTER
|
| The contract year represented a no-cost extension on the original contract. Work was continued on the use of solvent extraction of coal to produce a material suitable for further hydrotreating to the coal-based JP-8 fuel. This switch to solvent extraction instead of relying on the refined chemical oil used previously i in full agreement with recommendations provided by RAND. Exploratory work was begun to evaluate the possible production of nuclear ... |
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| U.S. Africa Command and the Principle of Active Security (Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 51, 4th Quarter 2008) |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
William E Ward; Thomas P Galvin; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES
|
| In 2000, the Zambezi River experienced significant flooding, and the nation of Mozambique was ill equipped to deal with the humanitarian disaster that followed. Homes were swept away, thousands of people were displaced, and 700 perished, leading to the deployment of a U.S. civilian disaster assistance response team and U.S. military forces to provide medical assistance and security to help Mozambique stabilize the situation. Although floods on the Zambezi have ... |
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| Development of Tools for Remote Detection and Prediction of Low-Strength Muds in Energetic Coastal Environments |
Jan 2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy G Milligan; Paul S Hill; BEDFORD INST OF OCEANOGRAPHY DARTMOUTH (NOVA SCOTIA)
|
| The goals of this research are to understand size-sorting during erosion and deposition and to use this understanding to develop predictive models of where and when low-strength muds will accumulate in energetic coastal environments. Objectives: 1. To use our process-based parameterization of surficial seabed disaggregated inorganic grain size (DIGS) distributions to infer the extent of flocculation during deposition on energetic tidal flats. 2. To use time series of in situ ... |
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| Development of an Integrated Modeling Framework for Simulations of Coastal Processes in Deltaic Environments Using High-Performance Computing |
Jan 2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Q J Chen; Gabrielle Allen; Mayank Tyagi; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE DEPT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
|
| The specific objectives of this project are to: * Develop the capability of modeling coastal circulation and nearshore surface waves in deltaic sedimentary and hydrodynamic environments in an integrated modeling framework by extending the Boussinesq theory for nearshore hydrodynamics to muddy coasts and non-hydrostatic three-dimensional (3D) flow regimes with stratifications. * Complement the Office of Naval Research recent research initiatives on Tidal Flats and Wave-Mud Interactions by integrating the new ... |
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| Dynamics of Ripples on the Sandy Inner Shelf off Martha's Vineyard: Surveys, Field Measurements, and Models |
Jan 2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher R Sherwood; Richard P Signell; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WOODS HOLE MA
|
| The long-term goal of our research is to improve fundamental understanding and numerical representation of coastal sediment-transport processes. We participated in EuroSTRATAFORM project, where our goal has been to improve quantitative models describing the relationships among meteorological and oceanographic forcing, freshwater influx, particle resuspension, and transport and accumulation of sediment in the coastal ocean. We helped obtain data for the Optics Acoustics and Stress In Situ (OASIS) project with many ... |
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| Wave-Sediment Interaction in Muddy Environments: A Field Experiment |
Jan 2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Alexandru Sheremet; Mead A Allison; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF CIVIL AND COASTAL ENGINEERING
|
| OBJECTIVES The objectives of Years 1 and 2 (2007-2008) of the Coastal Geosciences (CGS) project was to conduct a pilot field experiment (2007), then a full field experiment (2008), in collaboration with other researchers funded by ONR CG program. The pilot experiment has tested the instrumentation and data analysis procedures. During the major field experiment effort in 2008 (Year 2), a total of 5 tripods were deployed at locations fronting ... |
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| Targeted Sediment Transport Model Development and Support for Tidal Flats DRI Researchers |
Jan 2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher R Sherwood; Richard P Signell; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WOODS HOLE MA
|
| The long-term goal of this research is to supply Tidal Flats DRI investigators who use unstructured grid models with sediment transport algorithms and modeling infrastructure developed by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program's Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS). The specific objectives of this research are to support Tidal Flat DRI in adapting the bottom boundary layer, surficial sediment, and sediment bed model components of the CSTMS to unstructured grid hydrodynamic ... |
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| Sediment Transport at Density Fronts in Shallow Water |
Jan 2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
David K Ralston; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
|
| The long-term goal of this research is to quantify through observations and modeling how density fronts in shallow estuarine flows impact the mobilization, redistribution, trapping, and deposition of suspended sediments. The specific objectives of this project are as follows: (1) implement a high-resolution, 3-dimensional, finite-volume hydrodynamic model of the tidal flats field site, including advanced sediment transport algorithms; (2) integrate and test a set of field instruments to measure density, ... |
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| Predicting the Evolution of Tidal Channels in Muddy Coastlines |
Jan 2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Sergio Fagherazzi; BOSTON UNIV MA DEPT OF EARTH SCIENCES
|
| The long-term goals of this research are as follows: (1) to quantify the relationships between resuspension of fine material in the shelf by wind waves, tidal channel hydrodynamics, and sediment supply to coastal marshes; (2) to develop predictive, high-resolution models for the hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of tidal channels in muddy coastal environments; and (3) to develop methods to predict the long-term evolution of tidal channels in muddy coastlines as ... |
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| Observations of the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Wave Formed Ripples from the 2007 Martha's Vineyard RipplesDRI Experiment |
Jan 2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Peter A Traykovski; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
|
| The long-term goal of this work is to increase our understanding of bedform geometry and processes associated with bedforms on the continental shelf. The primary objectives of the work are as follows: (1) measure the temporal and spatial variability of ripple geometry in wave-dominated shelf environments using both stationary tripod mounted sonar systems and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) side scan and multibeam systems, and (2) develop models to predict ripple ... |
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| Geomorphologic Modeling of a Macro-tidal Embayment with Extensive Tidal Flats: Skagit Bay, WA |
Jan 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Lyle Hibler; Adam Maxwell; PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LAB SEQUIM WA
|
 | Understand morphology changes of mud tidal flats and provide quantification of the sensitivity of these changes to tidal action, river discharge and shoreline development. Demonstrate the use of a community numerical model for estimating the tidal flat morphology. The ONR/Delft Community model is being evaluated as a physically-based numerical simulation tool for several kinds of investigations. The objective of the project is to further demonstrate it use for tidal flat/channel ... |
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| Should DoD be Concerned with Potential Petroleum Supply Shortage and What Could It Do to Stimulate Alternative Fuels Development? |
01-Dec-2007 |
|
| Authors:
Brent Fisher; Yevgeny Macheret; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA
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| This white paper addresses the issue of energy supply challenges for the Department of defense (DoD) in the context of greater national energy issues, and it proposes a strategy that DoD might consider to hedge against future energy supply and cost uncertainties, while helping to drive the market development of select energy alternatives for the nation as a whole. The first part of the work is a brief assessment of ... |
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| An Evaluation of the Level 1 Natural Resources Inventory Process on Corps Operational Projects |
DEC 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Chester O. Martin; Jeffrey F. Krause; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| Engineer Regulation (ER) 1130-2-540 (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 2005) mandates that natural resource inventories be conducted on all Corps of Engineers (CE) operational projects. The basic inventory to be conducted at Corps projects was identified by the CE Stewardship Advisory Team (SAT) as the Natural Resources Level I Inventory, described in Krause et al. (2004). In 2005, a study was undertaken as part of the Ecosystem Management and ... |
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| From Oil Wells to Institution Building: An Approach for Fair Oil Distribution in Iraq |
DEC 2007 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Eyup Coskun; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis analyzes the current problems surrounding the distribution of oil revenues in Iraq. First, the main problems facing Iraq's oil economy are examined. Second, an assessment is made of the distribution system outlined in the Iraqi constitution. Third, based on this assessment, arguments are made as to the necessity of a new oil law. A critical area of discussion centers on the issue of federalism versus a strong central ... |
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| Over a Barrel: Where Russian Energy Policy Leaves Europe with Regards to Its Energy Security |
DEC 2007 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn D. Roettger; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Within the last few years, Europe has witnessed several major disruptions in its supply of Russian energy. The recent "gas wars" between Russia and Ukraine in early 2006, as well as the disruption of gas transiting Belarus in January 2007, posed serious implications for an already energy-deprived Europe. Russia's aging infrastructure, infamously inefficient domestic consumption, and current state of affairs, raises considerable doubts over its ability to supply consistent levels ... |
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| Borehole X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRFS): User's Manual, Software Description, and Performance Report |
DEC 2007 |
168 pages |
| Authors:
W. C. Kelliher; I. A. Carlberg; W. T. Elam; E. Willard-Schmoe; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRFS) is designed to be deployed down a predrilled hole for exploration and elemental analysis of subsurface planetary regolith. The spectrometer excites atoms in the regolith and causes them to emit their characteristic X-rays. These characteristic X-rays produce peaks in the Xray spectrum. By measuring the energy of the X-rays, elements are identified. By measuring the intensity of the peaks, the amount of each element can ... |
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| Implications of China's Growing Demand for Oil: A Case Study in Venezuela |
DEC 2007 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Keith A. Peterson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| China's economic rise has been coupled with a growing need to find reliable foreign energy sources. China is the world's second largest oil consumer. China's demand for oil is outpacing previous estimates and accounted for 38 percent of the world's increased demand in 2006. Venezuela is the sixth largest oil producer and is now providing oil to China as a way to diversify exports away from the United States. As ... |
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| First Principles Modeling of Segregation of Nd to YAG Grain Boundarie |
15 NOV 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Vijay Kumar; VIJAY KUMAR FOUNDATION CHENNAI (INDIA)
|
| Calculations show that Nd doping in bulk is endothermic and it agrees with experiments which show that only a very small amount can be added in bulk. However, there is a large segregation energy on surface and Nd doping is energetically favorable. An interesting finding is that Al replacement by Nd at the surface is highly exothermic. We expect similar trends on grain boundaries though segregation energies will be lower. ... |
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| Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Mine Grid Scoring Record #838 |
01 NOV 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
ABERDEEN TEST CENTER MD
|
| This Scoring Record documents the efforts of NAEVA Geophysics, Inc., to detect and discriminate inert unexploded ordnance (UXO) utilizing the APG Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Mine Grid. This Scoring Record was coordinated by Dennis Teefy and the Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Scoring Committee. Organizations on the committee include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the ... |
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| Hydrothermal Synthesis and Growth of Ti:Sapphire(Ti3+:Al2O3) Laser Crystals |
01 OCT 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
David Bliss; Michael Callahan; Buguo Wang; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Titanium-doped sapphire (Ti3+:Al2O3) crystals for high-power tunable lasers are presently in commercial production by growth from the melt. However, it is difficult to grow homogeneous crystals from the melt with uniform doping concentration because of the impurity segregation effect and more importantly, trivalent titanium instability. Hydrothermal synthesis has several advantages over traditional melt techniques. Here we report the growth of Ti3+:Al2O3 crystals by the hydrothermal technique for the first time ... |
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| Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Mine Grid Scoring Record #837 |
OCT 2007 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis Teefy; ABERDEEN TEST CENTER MD
|
| This Scoring Record documents the efforts of NAEVA Geophysics, Inc., to detect and discriminate inert unexploded ordnance (UXO) utilizing the APG Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Mine Grid. This Scoring Record was coordinated by Dennis Teefy and the Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Scoring Committee. Organizations on the committee include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the ... |
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| Geophysical Surveys for Assessing Levee Foundation Conditions, Feather River Levees, Marysville/Yuba City, California |
SEP 2007 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Jose L. Llopis; Janet E. Simms; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
| Effective flood and coastal storm emergency response depends on the ability of emergency managers to obtain information on the condition of flood-damage reduction structures in near real-time. This report describes the results of a geophysical study performed to determine the potential for geophysical methods to provide supplemental geologic data between existing soil borings in a rapid fashion in an area of complex geology. The geophysical study was conducted along 10 ... |
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| Geologic Setting of Mosul Dam and Its Engineering Implications |
SEP 2007 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Julie R. Kelley; Lillian D. Wakeley; Seth W. Broadfoot; Monte L. Pearson; Christian A. McGrath; Thomas E. McGill; Jeffrey D. Jorgeson; Cary A. Talbot; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The geologic setting of Mosul Dam is critically important for its engineering implications and its usefulness and contribution to engineering and operational decisions about the dam. The dam was constructed on alternating and highly variable units of gypsum, anhydrite, marl, and limestone, each of which is soluble in water under the environmental and hydrogeologic conditions of the dam. From a geologic standpoint, the foundation is very poor, and the site ... |
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| Processing of Training Range Soils for the Analysis of Energetic Compounds |
SEP 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Hewitt; Susan Bigl; Marianne Walsh; Sylvie Brochu; Kevin Bjella; Dennis Lambert; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Large soil samples are often necessary to represent areas where analytes are distributed as particulates. Proper processing of these large samples impose additional time, space, and equipment requirements on the laboratory community servicing environmental programs to investigate military training ranges. Part of this study evaluated the robustness of two methods used to process large soil samples for the determination of energetic munitions residues whole sample mechanical grinding (comminution) and solvent ... |
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| Pre-Construction Biogeochemical Analysis of Mercury in Wetlands Bordering the Hamilton Army Airfield (HAAF) Wetlands Restoration Site. Part 2 |
SEP 2007 |
222 pages |
| Authors:
Elly P. Best; Herbert L. Fredrickson; Holger Hintelmann; Olivier Clarisse; Brian Dimock; Charles H. Lutz; Gui R. Lotufo; Rod N. Millward; Anthony J. Bednar; John S. Furey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| With funding from the Long Term Management Strategy team, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is working with the San Francisco Basin Regional Water Board, California State Coastal Conservancy, and San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission to reconstruct wetlands at the former Hamilton Army Airfield (HAAF) on San Pablo Bay. This 203-ha site will provide tidal habitat to endangered species such as the clapper rail and the saltmarsh ... |
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| Geochemical and Rheological Constraints on the Dynamics of the Oceanic Upper Mantle |
SEP 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Jessica M. Warren; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| I provide constraints on mantle convection through observations of the rheology and composition of the oceanic upper mantle. Convection cannot be directly observed, yet is a fundamental part of the plate tectonic cycle. Relative motion among plates is accommodated by localized deformation at their boundaries. I demonstrate that in the ductile regime, strain localization occurs when different mineral phases are mixed together, limiting grain annealing. Upper mantle flow is by ... |
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| Oceanic Lithosphere Magnetization: Marine Magnetic Investigations of Crustal Accretion and Tectonic Processes in Mid-Ocean Ridge Environments |
SEP 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Clare M. Williams; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| The origin of symmetric alternating magnetic polarity stripes on the seafloor is investigated along East Pacific Rise (EPR) (9 degrees 25' -9 degrees 55'N) and Kane Megamullion (KMM) (23 degrees 40'N) in the Atlantic. At the EPR, along-axis variations in the axial magnetic anomaly result from changing source layer thickness, consistent with observed changes in seismic Layer 2a. The extrusive basalts therefore constitute the magnetic source layer along the ridge ... |
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| Environmental Assessment of Lead at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, Small Arms Ranges |
AUG 2007 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Jay L. Clausen; Nic Korte; Benjamin Bostick; Benjamin Rice; Matthew Walsh; Andrew Nelson; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Environmental issues for small arms training with lead projectiles are examined in this report for Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, in order to evaluate whether past or future use of lead in small arms has or will result in lead mobilization to groundwater. A review of relevant literature and case studies demonstrates lead is toxic to humans and wildlife and, therefore, exposure must be minimized. The literature also demonstrates lead mobilization occurs ... |
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| Regional Guidebook for Applying the Hydrogeomorphic Approach to Assessing the Functions of Headwater Slope Wetlands on the Mississippi and Alabama Coastal Plans |
AUG 2007 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Chris V. Noble; James S. Wakeley; Thomas H. Roberts; Cindy Henderson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Approach is a collection of concepts and methods for developing functional indices and subsequently using them to assess the capacity of a wetland to perform functions relative to similar wetlands in a region. The approach was initially designed to be used in the context of the Clean Water Act Section 404 Regulatory Program permit review sequence. This Regional Guidebook (a) characterizes the Headwater Slope wetlands in southern ... |
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| Geophysical Surveys for Assessing Levee Foundation Conditions, Sacramento River Levees, Sacramento, CA |
JUL 2007 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Jose L. Lipis; Eric W. Smith; Ryan E. North; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
| Effective flood and coastal storm emergency response depends on the ability of emergency managers to obtain information on the condition of flood damage reduction structures in near-real time. This report describes the results of a series of geophysical investigations performed to determine the potential of geophysical methods to provide supplemental geologic data between existing borings in a rapid fashion in an area of complex geology located along the toe of ... |
|
| Evaluation of WRF Performance for Depicting Orographically-Induced Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere |
15-Jun-2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas C Hahn; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Orographically-induced gravity (buoyancy) waves can propagate through the tropopause to the lower stratosphere causing disruptions to high altitude aircraft operations. To forecast this high altitude turbulence (HAT) in real time, there is a need to determine optimal model nesting, vertical resolution, upper boundary conditions and diffusion to be able to detect these situations. Besides investigating the above mentioned model options, the WRF-ARW will be closely configured to the operational version ... |
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| The Marine Biogeochemistry of Zinc Isotopes |
JUN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Seth G. John; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Zinc (Zn) stable isotopes can record information about important oceanographic processes. This thesis presents data on Zn isotopes in anthropogenic materials, hydrothermal fluids and minerals, cultured marine phytoplankton, natural plankton, and seawater. By measuring Zn isotopes in a diverse array of marine samples, we hope to understand how Zn isotopes are fractionated in the oceans and how Zn isotopes may be used as tracers of marine biogeochemical processes. |
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| Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust: The Phylogenetic Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Microbial Communities Inhabiting Basalt and Implications for Rock Alteration Processes |
JUN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Cara M. Santelli; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| Basaltic ocean crust has the potential to host one of the largest endolithic communities on Earth. This portion of the biosphere, however, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we utilize molecular biological, microscopic, and geochemical tools to gain a better understanding of the geomicrobiology of the ocean crust. Specifically, we examine the phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms inhabiting basaltic lavas, the activities and abundances of these microorganisms, the spatial extent of ... |
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| Seismic and Gravitational Studies of Melting in the Mantle's Thermal Boundary Layers |
JUN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Emily M. Van Ark; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| This thesis presents three studies which apply geophysical tools to the task of better understanding mantle melting phenomena at the upper and lower boundaries of the mantle. The first study uses seafloor bathymetry and small variations in the gravitational acceleration over the Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain to constrain the changes in the igneous production of the hot spot melting in the mantle which has created these structures over the past 80 ... |
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| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
30 MAY 2007 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2005. At the same time, the average level of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and $50 billion in 2006. Imported ... |
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| Assessing the Effects of Soil Humic and Fulvic Acids on Germination and Early Growth of Native and Introduced Grass Varieties |
22 MAY 2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Nicola Senesi; BARI UNIV (ITALY)
|
| The presence of humic acid (HA) generally affects positively and at various extent the germination and early growth of all varieties examined but in some cases negative effects are measured on the early growth. However, the response of the species varieties, examined either singularly or in combination by two, does not show any specific trend as a function of either the type or concentration of HA. This result can be ... |
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| The Caspian Sea Pipeline: A Clear Strategic U.S. Interest |
09 MAY 2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Larry T. Marek; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| From the spring of 1998 through the winter of 2002, during the debate and initial planning for the first major pipeline in the region, a host of policy articles were being written describing the coming storm of a potential geopolitical "rivalry" between and among the Caspian superpowers. The policy arguments revolved around two distinct but related issues: first, who would be the winners and the losers in the struggle for ... |
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| European Energy Security: Wrestling the Russian Bear for Caspian Natural Gas |
15 APR 2007 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Robert F. Winchester; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Natural gas, and its accessibility, is a growing component of national security. In its March 2006 Green Paper on Energy Security, the European Commission committed itself to promoting energy source diversification. Nevertheless, 25 percent of the European Union's natural gas comes from Russia, a figure that is estimated to grow to over 50 percent by 2030 as European Union domestic production continues to decline. Unfortunately for European energy security, Russia ... |
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| European Security in the Wider Black Sea Area |
12 MAR 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Aurelian Stinga; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| At the beginning the third millennium, the world balance of power changed. The events of 9/11 necessitated a reorientation of U.S. foreign policy and a new approach to the wider Black Sea security environment. After a decade of decline due to its energy policies, the Russian Federation has recovered and is trying to regain its position as the World's second greatest power. To accomplish this goal, communist Russia uses dirty ... |
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| Geomorphic Identification and Verification of Recent Sedimentation Patterns in the Woonasquatucket River, North Providence, Rhode Island |
MAR 2007 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Maureen K. Corcoran; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The Woonasquatucket River in North Providence, RI, is a postglacial river flowing approximately 18 miles from its headwaters in North Smithfield, RI, to Providence, RI, where it joins the Moshassuck River and enters the Providence River. In 1776, a powder mill was constructed along the river to support the Colonies efforts in the American Revolutionary War. The powder mill exploded in 1779, sending tons of gunpowder into the river. Subsequently, ... |
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| Recycled Glass and Dredged Materials |
MAR 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Lee Landris T.; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
| This technical note explores the concepts and applications of recovering and reusing two common disposable materials (crushed glass and dredged spoil) for beneficial engineering purposes. Dewatered fine-grained dredged material (DM) amended with glass cullet may prove to be a marketable combination especially useful as an engineered material and construction aggregate substitute. RECYCLED GLASS: Glass is manufactured from silica sand (SiO2) and other compounds, and occurs naturally as black obsidian rock ... |
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| Characterization of Chlorinated Ethene Degradation in a Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland |
MAR 2007 |
131 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Waldron; AIR FORCE INST OF TECHNOLOGY WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Chlorinated solvents, including perchloroethene (PCE) and trichlorethene (TCE), are among the most common groundwater contaminants found in the United States. The use of constructed wetlands has shown promise as an effective and less costly alternative for the treatment of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater. This study characterized and evaluated the concentration of chlorinated ethenes within a vertical flow constructed wetland, fed with PCE contaminated groundwater, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB), ... |
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| Evaluation of High Density Surface Observations in Complex Terrain and Their Contribution to the MM5 Model |
MAR 2007 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Paul B. Homan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This study evaluates the data assimilation capabilities of Three Dimensional Multiquadric Interpolation (3DMQ) and the MM5 model when incorporating mesoscale observations from the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) High Wind Alert system (HWAS). These mesoscale observations are incorporated into a triple nested (12, 4, and 1.33 km) high resolution model simulation and evaluated for their impact upon analyzed and forecasted wind values at USAFA during a severe down slope ... |
|
| Oil Vulnerabilities and United States Strategy |
08 FEB 2007 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Shawn P. Walsh; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The United States, its industries, livelihood, and economy depend on oil. The United States is the world's largest consumer of oil, with daily usage of approximately 20 million barrels. Approximately 12.6 million barrels of oil per day is imported from foreign sources. Dependence on foreign oil leaves the American lifestyle, its freedoms, and its economy extremely vulnerable to risk, and exposed to factors outside the United States' immediate control. Foreign ... |
|
| The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science |
FEB 2007 |
431 pages |
| Authors:
Robert L. Hadden; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
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| This bibliography on the geology, geography, and other earth sciences of Somalia was initiated to fill a request for current information on that war-torn state. The bibliography brings together selected citations from a variety of different cartographic, geographical, geological, agricultural, hydrological, and other earth science resources. Sources include scientific societies, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, commercial databanks, and major research libraries. Most of the citations have information on where the item ... |
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| Impact of Herbivory and Plant Competition on the Growth of Hydrilla in Small Ponds |
FEB 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Grodowitz; Chetta S. Owens; R. M. Smart; Julie G. Nachtrieb; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| Insect herbivory and competition have been shown to negatively impact the ability of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) to grow and reproduce (Doyle et al. 2002). Previous research conducted at the Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility (LAERF), Lewisville, TX and other field sites has shown that sustained levels of herbivory by the leaf-mining flies (Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier and H. balciunasi Bock) can reduce hydrilla biomass by 30 percent, reduce reproduction ... |
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| Migratory Patterns of American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima) Revealed by Natural Geochemical Tags in Otoliths |
FEB 2007 |
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| Authors:
Benjamin Walther; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| In an assessment of river-specific signatures in American shad (Alosa sapidissima), stable isotope and elemental ratios in otoliths of juveniles produced accurate natal tags from 12 rivers. The database was expanded to include 20 rivers from Florida to Quebec, encompassing all major spawning populations. Regressions between otolith and water chemistry for those rivers where both were collected showed significant relationships for Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, 8180, and t7Sr: 86Sr ratios but not ... |
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| Experimental and Seismological Constraints on the Rheology, Evolution, and Alteration of the Lithosphere at Oceanic Spreading Centers |
FEB 2007 |
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| Authors:
Brian J. deMartin; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| Oceanic spreading centers are sites of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes. In this thesis I present experimental and seismological constraints on the evolution of these complex regions of focused crustal accretion and extension. Experimental results from drained, triaxial deformation experiments on partially molten olivine reveal that melt extraction rates are linearly dependent on effective mean stress when the effective mean stress is low and non-linearly dependent on effective mean stress ... |
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Geology, Geochemistry and Mineralogy
