| Interdisciplinary Research Programs in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics |
Jun-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
John A Whitehead; Neil J Balmforth; Philip J Morrison; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
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 | The Geophysics Fluid Dynamics (GFD) program consists of a summer study school often weeks duration each summer. The primary aim ol the program is to visit a different specific area of GFD each summer, review fundamentals, and to help each other to conduct original research. Participants are approximately ten graduate student fellows, visiting graduate students and both visiting and returning scientists. The first two weeks consist of principal lectures in ... |
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| The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) |
14-Apr-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| International pressure on Iran to curb its nuclear program is increasing the hesitation of many major foreign firms to invest in Iran's energy sector, hindering Iran's efforts to expand oil production beyond 4.1 million barrels per day. However, Iran continues to attract energy investment interest from firms primarily in Asia, which appear eager to fill the void left by major European and American firms and to line up steady supplies ... |
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| Exploiting Unique Features of Nanodiamonds as an Advanced Energy Source |
Apr-2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Betsy M Rice; Jennifer A Ciezak; William D Mattson; Radhakrishnan Balu; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on carbon nanodiamonds (NDs) using Raman and DAC experimentation and ab initio calculations. Our calculations confirm the surface reconstruction to a fullerene-like structure, and indicate compression of the diamond core, producing an estimated internal pressure of 50 GPa. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations of hypervelocity collisions of NDs show that upon collision, shock-induced amorphization first occurs, followed by complete disruption of the ND ... |
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| Global Warming Threatens National Interests in the Arctic |
26-Mar-2009 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas R Jr; McCarthy; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| Global warming has impacted the Arctic Ocean by significantly reducing the extent of the summer ice cover allowing greater access to the region. Greater access to the Arctic Ocean potentially threatens the United States' national interests in the region. Access to the United States' natural resources, specifically crude oil and natural gas, and to its territory and critical infrastructure must be protected. The United States must continue to engage the ... |
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| Energy Security and National Security; Securing U.S. Energy Resources |
19-Mar-2009 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
David Williams; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| The United States has long been dependent on foreign oil and foreign energy sources. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007) identified multiple areas in which the United States should focus to become more energy independent. Throughout the course of the historic 2008 Presidential primaries and Presidential campaign, one of the common themes and promises from each candidate was to set a course for the United States ... |
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| The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) |
09-Mar-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| International pressure on Iran to curb its nuclear program is increasing the hesitation of many major foreign firms to invest in Iran's energy sector, hindering Iran's efforts to expand oil production beyond 4.1 million barrels per day. However, Iran continues to attract preliminary energy investment interest from firms primarily in Asia, which appear eager to fill the void left by European majors and to line up steady supplies of Iranian ... |
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| Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy |
05-Mar-2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| In January 2005, Viktor Yushchenko became Ukraine's new President after massive demonstrations helped to overturn the former regime's electoral fraud in what has been dubbed the Orange Revolution, after Yushchenko's campaign color. Some hoped Ukraine might finally embark on a path of comprehensive reforms and Euro-Atlantic integration after 15 years of half-measures and false starts. However, infighting within his governing coalition hampered economic reforms and led to disillusionment among Orange ... |
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| A Continuum Description of Nonlinear Elasticity, Slip and Twinning, With Application to Sapphire |
Mar-2009 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
J D Clayton; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| A model is developed for elasticity, plasticity and twinning in anisotropic single crystals subjected to large deformations. Dislocation glide and deformation twinning are dissipative, while energy storage mechanisms associated with dislocation lines and twin boundaries are described via scalar internal state variables. Concepts from continuum crystal plasticity are invoked, with shearing rates on discrete glide and twinning systems modelled explicitly. The model describes aspects of thermomechanical behaviour of single crystals ... |
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| Outdoor Sand and Dust Testing |
06-Feb-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY WHITE SANDS TEST CENTER WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NEW MEXICO SURVIVABILITY VULNERABILITY AND ASSESSMENT DIRECTORATE (SVAD)
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| This TOP provides guidance for conducting sand and dust tests using an outdoor test facility. Outdoor facilities are required when a chamber test is not feasible due to test article size and/or chamber size limitations. Two procedures are described. One approximates the sand test guidance outlined in Military Standard (MIL-STD)-810G. The second method is offered as an alternative and attempts to meet both sand and dust test requirements in one ... |
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| The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) |
02-Feb-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| International pressure on Iran to curb its nuclear program is increasing the hesitation of many major foreign firms to invest in Iran's energy sector, hindering Iran's efforts to expand oil production beyond 4.1 million barrels per day. However, Iran continues to attract preliminary energy investment interest from firms primarily in Asia, which appear eager to fill the void left by European majors and to line up steady supplies of Iranian ... |
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| Permanent Seismically Induced Displacement of Rock-Founded Structures Computed by the Newmark Program |
Feb-2009 |
204 pages |
| Authors:
Robert M Ebeling; Moira T Fong; Donald E Yule; Chase; Sr; Amos ; Raju V Kale; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAB
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| This research report describes the engineering formulation and corresponding software developed for the translational response of rock-founded structural systems to earthquake ground motions. The PC soft-ware Newmark and NewmarkVM are developed to perform an analysis of the permanent sliding displacement response for a structural system founded on rock for a user-specified earthquake acceleration time-history via a Complete Time-History Analysis, also known as the Newmark sliding block method of analysis. The ... |
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| Characterization of a Mud Deposit Offshore of the Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil |
Feb-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
K T Holland; Allen H Reed; Richard W Faas; Mead A Allison; Lauro J Calliari; S E O'Reilly; W C Vaughan; A Alves; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOACOUSTICS DIV
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| Rapid deposition of mud on the beach along the shoreface of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil dramatically influences the normal operations in the littoral zone. In the surf zone, fluid and suspended mud opposes water-wave movement and dissipates water-wave energy; on the beach, mud limits trafficability. As part of a multinational, multidisciplinary program to evaluate the influence of mud strength, density and viscosity on water-wave attenuation, sediments were evaluated in ... |
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| Aggregation of Montmorillonite and Organic Matter in Aqueous Media Containing Artificial Seawater |
23-Jan-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Yoko Furukawa; Janet L Watkins; Jinwook Kim; Kenneth J Curry; Richard H Bennett; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOACOUSTICS DIV
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| The dispersion-aggregation behaviors of suspended colloids in rivers and estuaries are affected by the compositions of suspended materials (i.e., clay minerals vs. organic macromolecules) and salinity. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the dispersion and aggregation mechanisms of suspended particles under simulated river and estuarine conditions. The average hydrodynamic diameters of suspended particles (representing degree of aggregation) and zeta potential (representing the electrokinetic properties of suspended colloids and aggregates) were ... |
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| Imported Oil and U.S. National Security |
Jan-2009 |
128 pages |
| Authors:
Keith Crane; Angel Rabasa; Harun Dogo; Stuart E Johnson; Alireza Nader; Andreas Goldthau; Michael Toman; Thomas Light; RAND CORP ARLINGTON VA NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIV
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| In 2007, on a net basis, the United States imported 58 percent of the oil it consumed. This monograph critically evaluates commonly suggested links between these oil imports and U.S. national security. The major risks to the United States posed by its reliance on foreign oil are the economic costs of a major disruption in global oil supplies. On the other hand, the study found no evidence that oil exporters ... |
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| The Effects of Terrain on a System of Systems |
Dec-2008 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Cher H Ong; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Modern combat operations are predominantly joint or combined arms, in which different forces and weapon systems come together to fight as a single entity as a system composed of many different systems. For land forces, system of systems typically exists at battalion and above-sized forces. This thesis investigates the effects of two types of terrain (urban and rivers) on combat operations. Using a synthesis of various simulation techniques (rapid scenario ... |
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| Wave, Tidal, and In-Stream Energy Projects: Which Federal Agency Has the Lead |
26-Nov-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Nic Lane; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Developments in wave, tidal, and in-stream energy generation technologies also referred to as hydrokinetic or marine energy are beginning to gain momentum. At the same time, their regulatory status is still evolving, as shown by recent changes in law aimed at clarifying the federal role in ocean wave and renewable energy. Two federal agencies currently appear to have a lead role in offshore renewable energy projects. The Department of the ... |
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| Spinel as Exit Aperture Window for HEL Systems |
17-Nov-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Jasbinder Sanghera; Ishwar Aggarwal; Shyam Bayya; Guillermo Villaiobos; Woohong Kim; David Reicher; Stan Peplinski; Al Ogolza; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER CHINA LAKE CA RESEARCH DEPT
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| Spinel is an excellent candidate for HEL windows. Significantly better than glass materials: 3x stronger and harder, 10x higher thermal conductivity, significantly better thermal shock resistance, OPD is comparable to OFG and better Silica, significantly superior environmental ruggedness. Successfully developed rugged, low-loss AR coatings for Spinel. Demonstrated fabrication of a large Spinel window. Availability of high optical quality AR coated Spinel windows will have a significant impact on all DoD ... |
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| Developments in Oil Shale |
17-Nov-2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony Andrews; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The Green River oil shale formation in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming is estimated to hold the equivalent of 1.38 trillion barrels of oil equivalent in place. The shale is generally acknowledged as a rich potential resource; however, it has not generally proved to be economically recoverable. Thus, it is considered to be a contingent resource and not a true reserve. Also, the finished products that can be produced from oil ... |
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| Innovative GIS and Information Technologies Supporting Wide Area Assessment of UXO Sites |
Oct-2008 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Jack Foley; SKY RESEARCH ASHLAND OR
|
| Demonstration of Innovative GIS and Information Technologies for Wide Area Assessment of UXO Sites documents the development and use of Geographic Information Systems and Information Technologies for the management, analysis and communication of data for Wide Area Assessment surveys. Funding for this project was provided by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program Office. This project offered the opportunity to develop and standardize procedures to manage, manipulate, process and visualize the ... |
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| Analysis and Modeling of Complex Geomorphic Systems: Technique Development, Data Collection, and Application to Rangeland Terrain |
Oct-2008 |
163 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory E Tucker; D N Bradley; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER OFFICE OF CONTRACTS AND GRANTS
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| This report describes the results of a four-year, multi-faceted investigation into the physics of sediment transport and erosion in channels and hillslopes. The project addressed two objectives: (1) develop and explore new mathematical computational tools for modeling complex land-surface systems, and in particular the applicability of stochastic transport theory and fractional calculus; and (2) use numerical modeling and field data analysis to develop a better understanding of the processes, mechanisms, ... |
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| Explosion Source Characteristics in Frozen and Unfrozen Rock |
30-Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jessie L Bonner; Mark R Leidig; Katherine Murphy; Sara L Dougherty; Randolph J Martin; WESTON GEOPHYSICAL CORP WESTBOROUGH MA
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| The Frozen Rock Experiment (FRE) was conducted in central Alaska in August 2006 to provide empirical data on seismically-estimated yield from explosions in frozen rock. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that frozen rock is significantly stronger than unfrozen rock, and it has been hypothesized that this increased strength, due to ice in the pores and cracks, can alter seismic yield. Central Alaska has abrupt lateral boundaries in discontinuous permafrost, and we ... |
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| Seismic Tomography of the Arabian-Eurasian Collision Zone and Surrounding Areas |
30-Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Haijiang Zhang; M N Van der Toksoz; Robert D Hilst; Youshun Sun; Levent Gulen; Dogan Kalafat; Huseyin S Kuleli; Chang Li; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| The objectives of this study are to determine P- and S-wave velocity structures in the crust and upper mantle and to characterize seismic wave propagation in the Arabian-Eurasian collision zone and surrounding areas, including Iran, Arabia, Eastern Turkey, and the Caucasus. The Arabian-Eurasian plate boundary is a complex tectonic zone shaped by continent-continent collision processes. In recent years the number of seismic stations has increased greatly in the region because ... |
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| High-Resolution Seismic Velocity and Attenuation Models of the Caucasus-Caspian Region |
30-Sep-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Eric Sandvol; Michael Pasyanos; Robert Mellors; Rengin Gok; Gleb Skobeltsyn; Ugur Teoman; Tea Godoladze; SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV CA
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| The southwest edge of Eurasia is a tectonically and structurally complex region that includes the Caspian and Black Sea basins, the Caucasus Mountains, and the high plateaus south of the Caucasus. Using data from 25 broadband stations located in the region, new estimates of crustal and upper mantle thickness, velocity structure, and attenuation are being developed. Receiver functions have been determined for all stations. Depth to Moho is estimated using ... |
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| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
12-Sep-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
James K Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Petroleum prices have continued to rise sharply in 2008, at one time reaching more than $140 per barrel of crude oil. At the same time the average monthly volume of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $50 ... |
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| Wave Climate and Littoral Sediment Transport Study for Virginia Beach, VA - Rudee Inlet to Cape Henry, Hydraulic Model Study |
01-Sep-2008 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Briggs; Edward F Thompson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
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| The Norfolk District is preparing an Environmental Assessment for the use of sand sources off the coast of Cape Henry for future maintenance of the Virginia Beach, VA, shoreline. The primary purpose is to maintain a buffer for hurricane protection for structures landward of the existing beach. The Cape Henry Borrow Area is being considered as a sand source. The plan borrow scenario involves removing approximately 34.2 M cu yd ... |
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| Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Management of Chlorinated Solvents in Soils and Groundwater |
Jul-2008 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Tom Sale; Paul Johnson; Charles Newell; Hans Stroo; Robert Hinchee; ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OFFICE (DOD) ARLINGTON VA
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| The following Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) document provides a concise overview of current knowledge regarding management of subsurface chlorinated solvent releases. The envisioned audience is state regulators, federal regulators, consultants, Department of Defense (DOD) staff, and community members involved in selecting remedies for chlorinated solvent sites. In the interest of brevity, the FAQs and the companion document Guide for Selecting Remedies for Subsurface Releases of Chlorinated Solvents assume that the ... |
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| The Dynamics of Oceanic Transform Faults: Constraints from Geophysical, Geochemical and Geodynamical Modeling |
01-Jun-2008 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Patricia M Gregg; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| Segmentation and crustal accretion at oceanic transform fault systems are investigated through a combination of geophysical data analysis and geodynamical and geochemical modeling. In Chapter 1, results of thermal modeling suggest that fault segmentation by intra-transform spreading centers (ITSC) drastically reduces the available brittle area of a transform fault and thus limits the available earthquake rupture area. Coulomb stress models illustrate that long ITSCs will prohibit static stress interaction between ... |
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| Morphodynamic Modeling of Tidal Mud Flats |
30-May-2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Johan C Winterwerp; DELFT HYDRAULICS (NETHERLANDS)
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| The objective of the current research proposal is to develop and test a numerical model to simulate and predict the seasonal morphodynamic evolution of intertidal mud flats in macrotidal environments at high suspended sediment concentrations at the spatial scale of such flats. Our 2007 approach consists of participating in the Phase I - Project Planning workshops to prepare the Phase II - Detailed Studies part of the mudflat project. Our ... |
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| The Reemergence of the Arctic as a Strategic Location |
22-May-2008 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Niave F Knell; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
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| This monograph analyzes the Arctic region as a system by examining the strengths and weaknesses of its political, military, economic, social, infrastructure, and information subsystems. The analysis reveals key nodes (critical people and things) and key linkages (critical relationships between the nodes). Key nodes include the ice itself, three of the Arctic states (Russian Federation, United States, and Canada), the European Union (EU), multinational oil and gas corporations, supra-national nongovernmental ... |
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| FASST Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature: Original Versus New |
01-Apr-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Frankenstein; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| This paper discusses only the differences between the original version of FASST (Frankenstein and Koenig 2004a, 2004b) and the new version. This report is intended as a supplement to the original model documentation. In its original incarnation, energy and mass transport associated with water vapor in the soil matrix were ignored. The author added these so that model usage could be expanded to include biological investigations yet still retain its ... |
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| Multifractal Characterization of Geologic Noise for Improved UXO Detection and Discrimination |
01-Mar-2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Jonthan E Nyquist; Michel Boufadel; TEMPLE UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA
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| Pushing sensors and algorithms to the limit to minimize the chance of overlooking unexploded ordnance (UXO) increases the chance that noise will be misidentified as signal and money wasted excavating scrap metal or chucks of magnetic rock. Approaches to improve the signal to noise ratio typically follow one of three tracks: (1) development of new sensors that are either more sensitive, or less noisy; (2) fusion of data from multiple ... |
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| Advanced Thermally Stable Coal-Based Jet Fuels |
Jan-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Harold Schobert; Bruce Beaver; Andre Boehman; Caroline Clifford; Dominic Santavicca; Robert Santoro; Geoffrey Wilson; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK COAL UTILIZATION CENTER
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| The contract year represented a no-cost extension on the original contract. Work was continued on the use of solvent extraction of coal to produce a material suitable for further hydrotreating to the coal-based JP-8 fuel. This switch to solvent extraction instead of relying on the refined chemical oil used previously i in full agreement with recommendations provided by RAND. Exploratory work was begun to evaluate the possible production of nuclear ... |
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| U.S. Africa Command and the Principle of Active Security (Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 51, 4th Quarter 2008) |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
William E Ward; Thomas P Galvin; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES
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| In 2000, the Zambezi River experienced significant flooding, and the nation of Mozambique was ill equipped to deal with the humanitarian disaster that followed. Homes were swept away, thousands of people were displaced, and 700 perished, leading to the deployment of a U.S. civilian disaster assistance response team and U.S. military forces to provide medical assistance and security to help Mozambique stabilize the situation. Although floods on the Zambezi have ... |
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| Should DoD be Concerned with Potential Petroleum Supply Shortage and What Could It Do to Stimulate Alternative Fuels Development? |
01-Dec-2007 |
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| Authors:
Brent Fisher; Yevgeny Macheret; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA
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 | This white paper addresses the issue of energy supply challenges for the Department of defense (DoD) in the context of greater national energy issues, and it proposes a strategy that DoD might consider to hedge against future energy supply and cost uncertainties, while helping to drive the market development of select energy alternatives for the nation as a whole. The first part of the work is a brief assessment of ... |
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| An Evaluation of the Level 1 Natural Resources Inventory Process on Corps Operational Projects |
DEC 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Chester O. Martin; Jeffrey F. Krause; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
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| Engineer Regulation (ER) 1130-2-540 (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 2005) mandates that natural resource inventories be conducted on all Corps of Engineers (CE) operational projects. The basic inventory to be conducted at Corps projects was identified by the CE Stewardship Advisory Team (SAT) as the Natural Resources Level I Inventory, described in Krause et al. (2004). In 2005, a study was undertaken as part of the Ecosystem Management and ... |
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| From Oil Wells to Institution Building: An Approach for Fair Oil Distribution in Iraq |
DEC 2007 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Eyup Coskun; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis analyzes the current problems surrounding the distribution of oil revenues in Iraq. First, the main problems facing Iraq's oil economy are examined. Second, an assessment is made of the distribution system outlined in the Iraqi constitution. Third, based on this assessment, arguments are made as to the necessity of a new oil law. A critical area of discussion centers on the issue of federalism versus a strong central ... |
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| Over a Barrel: Where Russian Energy Policy Leaves Europe with Regards to Its Energy Security |
DEC 2007 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn D. Roettger; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Within the last few years, Europe has witnessed several major disruptions in its supply of Russian energy. The recent "gas wars" between Russia and Ukraine in early 2006, as well as the disruption of gas transiting Belarus in January 2007, posed serious implications for an already energy-deprived Europe. Russia's aging infrastructure, infamously inefficient domestic consumption, and current state of affairs, raises considerable doubts over its ability to supply consistent levels ... |
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| Borehole X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRFS): User's Manual, Software Description, and Performance Report |
DEC 2007 |
168 pages |
| Authors:
W. C. Kelliher; I. A. Carlberg; W. T. Elam; E. Willard-Schmoe; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRFS) is designed to be deployed down a predrilled hole for exploration and elemental analysis of subsurface planetary regolith. The spectrometer excites atoms in the regolith and causes them to emit their characteristic X-rays. These characteristic X-rays produce peaks in the Xray spectrum. By measuring the energy of the X-rays, elements are identified. By measuring the intensity of the peaks, the amount of each element can ... |
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| Implications of China's Growing Demand for Oil: A Case Study in Venezuela |
DEC 2007 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Keith A. Peterson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| China's economic rise has been coupled with a growing need to find reliable foreign energy sources. China is the world's second largest oil consumer. China's demand for oil is outpacing previous estimates and accounted for 38 percent of the world's increased demand in 2006. Venezuela is the sixth largest oil producer and is now providing oil to China as a way to diversify exports away from the United States. As ... |
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| First Principles Modeling of Segregation of Nd to YAG Grain Boundarie |
15 NOV 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Vijay Kumar; VIJAY KUMAR FOUNDATION CHENNAI (INDIA)
|
| Calculations show that Nd doping in bulk is endothermic and it agrees with experiments which show that only a very small amount can be added in bulk. However, there is a large segregation energy on surface and Nd doping is energetically favorable. An interesting finding is that Al replacement by Nd at the surface is highly exothermic. We expect similar trends on grain boundaries though segregation energies will be lower. ... |
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| Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Mine Grid Scoring Record #838 |
01 NOV 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
ABERDEEN TEST CENTER MD
|
| This Scoring Record documents the efforts of NAEVA Geophysics, Inc., to detect and discriminate inert unexploded ordnance (UXO) utilizing the APG Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Mine Grid. This Scoring Record was coordinated by Dennis Teefy and the Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Scoring Committee. Organizations on the committee include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the ... |
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| Hydrothermal Synthesis and Growth of Ti:Sapphire(Ti3+:Al2O3) Laser Crystals |
01 OCT 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
David Bliss; Michael Callahan; Buguo Wang; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Titanium-doped sapphire (Ti3+:Al2O3) crystals for high-power tunable lasers are presently in commercial production by growth from the melt. However, it is difficult to grow homogeneous crystals from the melt with uniform doping concentration because of the impurity segregation effect and more importantly, trivalent titanium instability. Hydrothermal synthesis has several advantages over traditional melt techniques. Here we report the growth of Ti3+:Al2O3 crystals by the hydrothermal technique for the first time ... |
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| Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Mine Grid Scoring Record #837 |
OCT 2007 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis Teefy; ABERDEEN TEST CENTER MD
|
| This Scoring Record documents the efforts of NAEVA Geophysics, Inc., to detect and discriminate inert unexploded ordnance (UXO) utilizing the APG Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Mine Grid. This Scoring Record was coordinated by Dennis Teefy and the Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Scoring Committee. Organizations on the committee include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the ... |
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| Geophysical Surveys for Assessing Levee Foundation Conditions, Feather River Levees, Marysville/Yuba City, California |
SEP 2007 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Jose L. Llopis; Janet E. Simms; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
| Effective flood and coastal storm emergency response depends on the ability of emergency managers to obtain information on the condition of flood-damage reduction structures in near real-time. This report describes the results of a geophysical study performed to determine the potential for geophysical methods to provide supplemental geologic data between existing soil borings in a rapid fashion in an area of complex geology. The geophysical study was conducted along 10 ... |
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| Geologic Setting of Mosul Dam and Its Engineering Implications |
SEP 2007 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Julie R. Kelley; Lillian D. Wakeley; Seth W. Broadfoot; Monte L. Pearson; Christian A. McGrath; Thomas E. McGill; Jeffrey D. Jorgeson; Cary A. Talbot; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The geologic setting of Mosul Dam is critically important for its engineering implications and its usefulness and contribution to engineering and operational decisions about the dam. The dam was constructed on alternating and highly variable units of gypsum, anhydrite, marl, and limestone, each of which is soluble in water under the environmental and hydrogeologic conditions of the dam. From a geologic standpoint, the foundation is very poor, and the site ... |
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| Processing of Training Range Soils for the Analysis of Energetic Compounds |
SEP 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Hewitt; Susan Bigl; Marianne Walsh; Sylvie Brochu; Kevin Bjella; Dennis Lambert; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Large soil samples are often necessary to represent areas where analytes are distributed as particulates. Proper processing of these large samples impose additional time, space, and equipment requirements on the laboratory community servicing environmental programs to investigate military training ranges. Part of this study evaluated the robustness of two methods used to process large soil samples for the determination of energetic munitions residues whole sample mechanical grinding (comminution) and solvent ... |
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| Pre-Construction Biogeochemical Analysis of Mercury in Wetlands Bordering the Hamilton Army Airfield (HAAF) Wetlands Restoration Site. Part 2 |
SEP 2007 |
222 pages |
| Authors:
Elly P. Best; Herbert L. Fredrickson; Holger Hintelmann; Olivier Clarisse; Brian Dimock; Charles H. Lutz; Gui R. Lotufo; Rod N. Millward; Anthony J. Bednar; John S. Furey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| With funding from the Long Term Management Strategy team, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is working with the San Francisco Basin Regional Water Board, California State Coastal Conservancy, and San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission to reconstruct wetlands at the former Hamilton Army Airfield (HAAF) on San Pablo Bay. This 203-ha site will provide tidal habitat to endangered species such as the clapper rail and the saltmarsh ... |
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| Geochemical and Rheological Constraints on the Dynamics of the Oceanic Upper Mantle |
SEP 2007 |
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| Authors:
Jessica M. Warren; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| I provide constraints on mantle convection through observations of the rheology and composition of the oceanic upper mantle. Convection cannot be directly observed, yet is a fundamental part of the plate tectonic cycle. Relative motion among plates is accommodated by localized deformation at their boundaries. I demonstrate that in the ductile regime, strain localization occurs when different mineral phases are mixed together, limiting grain annealing. Upper mantle flow is by ... |
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| Oceanic Lithosphere Magnetization: Marine Magnetic Investigations of Crustal Accretion and Tectonic Processes in Mid-Ocean Ridge Environments |
SEP 2007 |
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| Authors:
Clare M. Williams; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| The origin of symmetric alternating magnetic polarity stripes on the seafloor is investigated along East Pacific Rise (EPR) (9 degrees 25' -9 degrees 55'N) and Kane Megamullion (KMM) (23 degrees 40'N) in the Atlantic. At the EPR, along-axis variations in the axial magnetic anomaly result from changing source layer thickness, consistent with observed changes in seismic Layer 2a. The extrusive basalts therefore constitute the magnetic source layer along the ridge ... |
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| Environmental Assessment of Lead at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, Small Arms Ranges |
AUG 2007 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Jay L. Clausen; Nic Korte; Benjamin Bostick; Benjamin Rice; Matthew Walsh; Andrew Nelson; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| Environmental issues for small arms training with lead projectiles are examined in this report for Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, in order to evaluate whether past or future use of lead in small arms has or will result in lead mobilization to groundwater. A review of relevant literature and case studies demonstrates lead is toxic to humans and wildlife and, therefore, exposure must be minimized. The literature also demonstrates lead mobilization occurs ... |
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Geology, Geochemistry and Mineralogy
