| Evaluation of a Proposed Drift Reduction Technology High-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing Protocol |
Mar-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
W C Hoffmann; Y Lan; Bradley K Fritz; SOUTHERN PLAINS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER COLLEGE STATION TX
|
 | The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA has initiated the development of protocols for measuring spray drift reduction technologies (DRTs) related to the application of agricultural protection chemicals. The DRT Program is an EPA-led initiative program to achieve improved environmental and human health protection through drift reduction by accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective application technologies. The first step in implementing the DRT program is to develop a ... |
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| Screening of Various Herbicide Modes of Action for Selective Control of Algae Responsible for Harmful Blooms |
Jan-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Angela G Poovey; Michael D Netherland; Carole A Lembi; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| This research seeks to identify reduced risk chemical compounds that have selective activity against harmful algal blooms (HAB). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for managing numerous large reservoirs throughout the country, and the recent proliferation of HAB and the limited tools available for controlling these nuisance algae at a large scale have caused many Corps resource managers to seek non-conventional control methods. Numerous herbicides that target plant-specific ... |
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| Evaluation of the EPA Drift Reduction Technology (DRT) Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Protocol |
Jan-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
W C Hoffmann; Bradley K Fritz; Yubin Lan; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE COLLEGE STATION TX
|
| The EPA's proposed Drift Reduction Technology DRT low-speed wind tunnel evaluation protocol was tested across a series of modified ASAE reference nozzles. Both droplet size and deposition and flux volume measurements were made downwind from the nozzles operating in the tunnel at airspeeds of 1 m/s and 2.5 m/s, following the prescribed protocol. Overall, the data followed anticipated trends with a few unanticipated results observed, which could be addressed in ... |
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| Effects of Quality Composts and Other Organic Amendments and Their Humic and Fulvic Acid Fractions on the Germination and Early Growth of Slickspot Peppergrass (Lepidium Papilliferum) and Switchgrass in Various Experimental Conditions |
01-Sep-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Senesi Nicola; UNIVERSITA DI BARI (ITALY)
|
| Three representative and different composts were selected and used in this work: a green compost (GC), a mixed compost (MC) and a green coffee compost (GCC). The three composts were characterized by means of conventional methods for several chemical and physical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture and ash contents, total organic carbon (TOC) content, total N content, C/N ratio and humic acid-like (HAL) content. Seeds of slickspot peppergrass ... |
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| Assessment of Composting Feasibility at Army Installations |
01-Sep-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The purpose of this assessment was to evaluate various types of composting operations to determine their technical and economic feasibility at Army installations. The assessment included site visits to two installations with dissimilar compost programs. Another objective was to determine how USACHPPM could assist Army installations in developing compost programs. |
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| Evaluation of 2, 4-D Ester and Triclopyr Amine Against Waterlily and Spatterdock |
01-Mar-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
LeeAnn M Glomski; Linda S Nelson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| It has been speculated that herbicide drift from treated sites can negatively impact desirable floating vegetation and there are many scenarios where targeted submersed weeds and nontarget floating plants grow in close proximity. This study was conducted to determine the effects of submersed applications of 2,4-D ester and triclopyr amine, used to control Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), on waterlily (Nymphaea odorata Ait.) and spatterdock (Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.). |
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| Evolution of Enzymes Required for Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol in Sphingobium Chlorophenolicum |
15 JUN 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Shelley D. Copley; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER OFFICE OF CONTRACTS AND GRANTS
|
| Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a highly toxic pesticide first introduced into the environment in 1936. PCP can be mineralized by Sphingobium chlorophenolicum. However, biodegradation is slow and the bacterium cannot tolerate high levels of PCP. Flux through the pathway is limited by the first enzyme, PCP hydroxylase, which converts PCP to tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) very slowly. Furthermore, it catalyzes a futile cycling reaction in which C4a-hydroperoxyflavin at the active site decays to ... |
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| Mosquito and Fly Control Research by the USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE) in the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Program |
May-2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J Linthicum; Chris Geden; Miriam Cooperband; Gary Clark; Seth Britch; Ulrich Bernier; James Becnel; Donald Barnard; Sandra Allan; Jerome Hogsette; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
|
| Despite existing measures to prevent and control arthropod-borne diseases in military units, these diseases continue to be serious threats to deployed troops. Due to a shrinking list of safe, cost-effective pesticides for control of disease vectors, new and improved toxicants and methods for delivery are needed by the armed forces. Since 2004, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) has participated in the Department of Defense (DOD) - sponsored Deployed War-Fighter ... |
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| Structure-Activity Relationships of 33 Piperidines as Toxicants Against Female Adults of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) |
Mar-2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J Linthicum; James J Becnel; Gary G Clark; Roberto M Pereira; Julia W Prodgeon; Kumudini M Meepagala; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
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| Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of both dengue and yellow fever. Use of insecticides is one of the primary ways to control this medically important insect pest. However, few new insecticides have been developed for mosquito control in recent years. As a part of our collaborative effort to search for new insecticides to control mosquitoes, piperidine was used as base compound for further optimization. Herein, we ... |
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| Characterization of Truck-Mounted Atomization Equipment Typically Used in Vector Control |
Jan-2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
W C Hoffmann; T W Walker; B K Fritz; T Gwinn; V L Smith; D Szumlas; Y Lan; D E Martin; J A Barber; TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION COLL OF AGRICULTURE
|
| The control of medically important arthropod vectors of human and animal disease is a high priority for both public health and military officials. Because droplet size of pesticide spray material is a critical factor affecting vector control applications, the droplet-size spectra produced by 11 sprayers and 3 spray formulations were evaluated. Droplet-size spectra were measured by a laser diffraction instrument, a hot-wire system, and rotating slides. There were considerable differences ... |
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| A Review of Green Strategies to Prevent or Mitigate Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion |
2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda Little; Jason Lee; Richard Ray; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Two approaches to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) have ben developed that do not require the use of biocides. These strategies include the following: i) use of biofilms to inhibit or prevent corrosion, and ii)manipulation (removal or addition) of an electron acceptor. (e.g. oxygen, sulphate or nitrate) to influence the microbial population. In both approaches the composition of the microbial community is affected by small perturbations in the environment (e.g. ... |
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| Biosensor for Continuous Monitoring of Organophosphate Aerosols (Preprint) |
DEC 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Heather R. Luckarift; Glenn R. Johnson; Roby Greenwald; Mike Bergin; Jim C. Spain; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
|
| An enzyme-based monitoring system provides the basis for continuous sampling of organophosphate contamination in air. The enzymes butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) are stabilized by encapsulation in biomimetic silica nanoparticles, entrained within a packed bed column. The resulting immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERS) were integrated with an impinger-based aerosol sampling system for collection of chemical contaminants in air. The sampling system was operated continuously and organophosphate detection was performed in ... |
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| Air Force Compliance Study |
AUG 2006 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
W. Grabbs; M. Yeager; J. Robinson; K. Fox; V. Elequin; N. Ketchum; W. Jackson; M. Pavuk; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP FALLS CHURCH VA
|
| The Air Force Health Study is a study to investigate the health effects in Air Force personnel following exposure to herbicides. This report presents the results of compliance and noncompliance at six Air Force Health Study examinations. The results from the 1982 baseline examination, the 1985 follow-up examination, the 1987 follow-up examination, the 1992 follow-up examination, the 1997 follow-up examination, and the 2002 follow-up examination were presented in seven reports: ... |
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| A Matched Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus and Herbicide Exposure in Veterans of Operation Ranch Hand |
JUN 2006 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Norma S. Ketchum; Joel E. Michalek; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/BIODYNAMICS AND PROTECTION DIV
|
| We studied diabetes in Air Force veterans exposed to Agent Orange and its contaminant 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) during the Vietnam War. The index subjects of the Air Force's ongoing 20-year prospective epidemiological study were veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for aerial herbicide spraying in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. Other Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia during the same period but were not involved with ... |
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| Hypertension and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Air Force Veterans of the Vietnam War |
JUN 2006 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
James H. Dwyer; William G. Jackson; Joel E. Michalek; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/BIODYNAMICS AND PROTECTION DIV
|
| We studied the risk of hypertension and exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the Air Force unit responsible for the serial spraying of Agent Orange and other TCDD-contaminated herbicide in Vietnam. We included a Comparison group of other Air Force veterans who flew or serviced C-130 cargo aircraft in Southeast Asia during the same calendar period that the Ranch Hand unit was active in Vietnam (1962-1971) ... |
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| Toxicity of RDX, HMX, TNB, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT to the Earthworm, Eisenia Fetida, in a Sandy Loam Soil |
MAR 2006 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Simini; Ronald T. Checkai; Roman G. Kuperman; Carlton T. Phillips; Jan E. Kolakowski; Carl W. Kurnas; Geoffrey Sunahara; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) for ecological risk assessment of soil contaminants at Superfund sites. Insufficient information existed to generate Eco-SSLs for explosives and related materials in soil. The earthworm (Eisenia fetida) reproduction test was conducted in Sassafras sandy loam soil amended with hexahydro-1,3 ,5-trinitro-1,3 5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1 3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3 ,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) to fill the data gaps. ... |
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| Neuropsychological Functioning in Gulf War Veterans Exposed to Pesticides and Pyridostigmine Bromide |
FEB 2006 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Maxine Krengel; BOSTON UNIV MA
|
| Gulf War (GW) veterans continue to complain of short-term memory and mood problems many years following their return from the Persian Gulf. Suspected causes for these health complaints continue to be investigated and include additive and/or synergystic effects of the varying combinations of exposures to pesticides, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), low-level nerve agents, and psychological trauma. Many pesticides are neurotoxicants as are PB and nerve agents. Two subsets of these chemicals, ... |
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| Biomass as Feedstock for A Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply |
APR 2005 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. Perlack; Lynn L. Wright; Anthony F. Turhollow; Robin L. Graham; Bryce J. Stokes; Donald C. Erbach; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
|
| The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are both strongly committed to expanding the role of biomass as an energy source. In particular, they support biomass fuels and products as a way to reduce the need for oil and gas imports; to support the growth of agriculture, forestry, and rural economies; and to foster major new domestic industries-- biorefineries--making a variety of fuels, chemicals, ... |
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| Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness |
04 FEB 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Jim Monke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | The potential of terrorist attacks against agricultural targets (agroterrorism) is increasingly recognized as a national security threat, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. Agroterrorism is a subset of bioterrorism, and is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining stability. Attacks against agriculture are not new, and have been conducted or considered by both ... |
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| Estimation of Agricultural Pesticide Use in Drainage Basins Using Land Cover Maps and County Pesticide Data. National Water-Quality Assessment Program |
2005 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Naomi Nakagaki; David M. Wolock; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| A geographic information system (GIS) was used to estimate agricultural pesticide use in the drainage basins of streams that are studied as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Drainage basin pesticide use estimates were computed by intersecting digital maps of drainage basin boundaries with an enhanced version of the National Land Cover Data 1992 combined with estimates of 1992 agricultural pesticide use in each United ... |
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| Environmental Toxicity of the Explosives RDX and TNT in Soil to the Soil Invertebrate Folsomia candida |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Carlton T. Phillips; Ronald T. Checkai; Roman G. Kuperman; Michael Simini; Jan E. Kolakowski; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| We investigated the toxicity of hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5- triazine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) to the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida (Collembola) in five natural soils: Sassafras sandy loam (SSL), Teller sandy loam (TSL), Richfield clay loam (RCL), Kirkland clay loam (KCL), and Webster clay loam (WCL). According to the Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco- SSL) criteria (USEPA 2003), relative bioavailability scores for organic chemicals in these soils were considered high for SSL ... |
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| Evaluation Of Biocides for Potential Treatment of Ballast Water |
OCT 2004 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Sandip Chattopadhyay; Carlton D. Hunt; Pamela J. Rodgers; Amy L. Swiecichowski; Corey L. Wisneski; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| This report documents the investigation, characterization, and evaluation of biocides that demonstrate potential for ballast water treatment application. A literature search was conducted for information on various aspects of biocides, including their biological treatment efficacy, environmental acceptability, and shipboard safety and practicality, and regulations governing them. Vendors and manufacturers of biocides were also contacted, in order to obtain the most recent data regarding the candidate biocides. The information was organized ... |
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| Soil Phosphorus Compositional Characteristics as a Function of Land-Use Practice in the Upper Eau Galle River Watershed, Wisconsin |
SEP 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; Harry L. Eakin; Carlos E. Ruiz; John W. Barko; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The purpose of this research was to quantify biologically labile and refractory phosphorus species in source soils of an agricultural watershed that drains into a eutrophic Corps of Engineers reservoir. Eutrophication of receiving waters is strongly linked to the erosion and transport of particulate and soluble nutrients derived from the watershed landscape. In dairy and agricultural settings, amendment of soils with fertilizers and manure is usually based on crop nitrogen ... |
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| Industrial College of the Armed Forces Industry Studies 2004: Biotechnology |
2004 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Ashcraft; Stan Burlingame; Anna L. Carter; Robin D. Cofer; John Elwood; Jim Guerts; INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| The United States is the world leader in the biotechnology industry in all aspects and biotechnology is quickly becoming a major industrial player in the U.S. and globally. The biotech arena touches multiple facets of a number of industries: medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, defense and others. Biotechnology is still an immature industry that has yet to reach its potential, but will likely have an impact on almost every aspect of ... |
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| Roadmap for Agriculture Biomass Feedstock Supply in the United States |
NOV 2003 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Biomass Research and Development Technical Advisory Committee set forth a goal that biomass will supply 5% of the nation's power, 20% of transportation fuels and 25% of chemicals by 2030. These combined goals are approximately equivalent to 30% of the current petroleum consumption. The benefits of a robust biorefinery industry supplying this amount of domestically produced power fuels and products is considerable including decreased demand for imported oil revenue ... |
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| Population Dynamics Models in Plant-Insect Herbivore-Pesticide Interactions |
20 AUG 2003 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
B. M. Adams; H. T. Banks; J. E. Banks; J. D. Stark; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION
|
| We consider several population dynamics models in investigating data from controlled experiments with aphids in broccoli patches surrounded by different margin types (bare or weedy ground) and three levels of insecticide spray (no, light, or heavy spray). We carry out parameter estimation computations along with statistical analysis to compare autonomous versus nonautonomous model dynamics. We conclude with a brief discussion of some not-so-subtle pitfalls that can arise when using quantitative ... |
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| Insecticide Exposure in Parkinsonism |
JAN 2003 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey R. Bloomquist; Bradley G. Klein; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG
|
| Behavioral, neurochemical, and immunocytochemical studies are characterizing the possible role of insecticide exposure in the etiology of Parkinson's disease as it may relate to Gulf War Syndrome. Chlorpyrifos (CP) and/or permethrin (PM) were given 3 times over a two week period by injection (CP subcutaneous and PM intraperitoneal), with or without a single dose of the Parkinsonian neurotoxin, MPTP (20-30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). PM upregulates dopamine transporter (DAT) expression with a ... |
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| Work Plan for Determining the Occurrence of Glyphosate, Its Transformation Product AMPA, Other Herbicide Compounds, and Antibiotics in Midwestern United States Streams, 2002 |
2003 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
W. A. Battaglin; E. M. Thurman; D. W. Kolpin; E. A. Scribner; M. W. Sandstrom; K. M. Kuivila; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DENVER CO
|
| Changes in herbicide use in the Midwestern United States have been substantial over the last 5 years. Most significant is a tripling in the use of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycin). Over this same time period (1997-2001), atrazine use increased by 20 percent and acetochlor use increased by 10 percent, while cyanazine use decreased by 99 percent, alachlor use decreased by 70 percent, and metolachlor use decreased by 55 percent. Previous studies have ... |
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| Review of USACE-Generated Efficacy and Dissipation Data for the Aquatic Herbicide Formulations Aquathol(R) and Hydrothol(R). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program |
JUN 2002 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Susan L. Sprecher; Kurt D. Getsinger; Jan Sharp; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The herbicidal properties of endothall (7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid; C8H10O5; and its action as a defoliant and desiccant on terrestrial plants were first described in 1950 (Keckemet 1969). Endothall is a contact-type membrane-active herbicide that rapidly produces symptoms of defoliation and desiccation in terrestrial plant parts with which it comes in contact by disrupting solute transport processes in plant cells (Maestri 1967; Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) 1994). Endothall penetrates ... |
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| ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS: Information on EPA's Draft Reassessment of Dioxins |
APR 2002 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Some dioxins, which are chemical compounds that share certain structural and biological characteristics, have been linked to adverse human health effects, including cancer.1 Often the byproducts of combustion and industrial processes, complex mixtures of dioxins enter the food chain and human diet through emissions into the air that settle on soil, plants, and water. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other entities, such as the World Health Organization, began assessing ... |
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| Tracking of Fluid-Advected Odor Plumes: Strategies Inspired by Insect Orientation to Pheromone |
19 JAN 2002 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Wei Li; Jay A. Farrell; Ring T. Carde; CALIFORNIA UNIV RIVERSIDE
|
| Autonomous vehicles with plume tracing capabilities would be valuable for finding chemical sources in fluid flows. This article considers strategies allowing autonomous vehicles to find and trace an odor plume to its source. These strategies are inspired by the maneuvers of moths flying upwind along a pheromone plume. Although moth maneuvers are well documented, the mechanisms underlying sensory perception and navigation are not fully understood; therefore, a key objective was ... |
|
| Insecticide Exposure in Parkinsonism |
JAN 2002 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey R. Bloomquist; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LABS
|
| Behavioral, neurochemical, and immunocytochemical studies characterized the possible role of insecticide exposure in the etiology of Parkinson's disease as it may relate to Gulf War Syndrome. Chlorpyrifos (CP) and permethrin (PM) were given 3 times over a two week period by injection (CP subcutaneous and PM intraperitoneal) with or without a single dose of the Parkinsonian neurotoxin, MPTP (10-30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) . Some synergism was observed at 30, but not ... |
|
| Antennal Resolution of Pulsed Pheromone Plumes in Three Moth Species |
2002 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Josep Bau; Kristine A. Justus; Ring T. Carde; CALIFORNIA UNIV RIVERSIDE DEPT OF ENTOMOLOGY
|
| Male antennae of Cadra cautella, Pectinophora gossypiella, and Spodoptera exigua were presented with 20-ms-duration pulses of their two- component pheromone at rates of 1 to 33 Hz. Fourier analyses of electroantennograms resolved the temporal structure of trains of pheromone filaments delivered at up to 33 Hz for C. cautella and S. exigua and 25 Hz for P. gossypiella. Pheromone components tested separately for each species were generally equivalent in filament ... |
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| Use of Semiochemicals for Survey and Detection of Exotic Insects: Principles and Constraints |
2002 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ring T. Carde; CALIFORNIA UNIV RIVERSIDE DEPT OF ENTOMOLOGY
|
| This review concentrates on the principles of surveying for exotic invaders with semiochemical-baited traps and examines three possible strategies for improving detection of exotic insects. (1) What constrains the development of traps having an extended range of attraction? (2) Is the trap's detection sensitivity influenced by the failure of some insects attracted to a trap to be captured? (3) What empirical and simulation techniques can be used to enhance our ... |
|
| Flight Behaviour of Males of Two Moths, Cadra Cautella and Pectinophora Gossypiella, in Homogeneous Clouds of Pheromone |
2002 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Kristine A. Justus; Ring T. Carde; CALIFORNIA UNIV RIVERSIDE DEPT OF ENTOMOLOGY
|
| Abstract. It is thought that orientation by male moths along pheromone plumes is guided by interception of filaments of pheromone along that plume and that clean air gaps are required for upwind progress. Given that several investigations have determined that cells sensitive to pheromone can resolve only low rates of encounter with pheromone filaments, generally less up to 10 pulses %%1, it would appear that individual filaments encountered at higher ... |
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| Dissolved Pesticides in the Alamo River and the Salton Sea, California, 1996-1997 |
2002 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Kathryn L. Crepeau; Kathryn M. Kuivila; Brian Bergamaschi; DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON DC
|
| Water samples were collected from the Alamo River and the Salton Sea, California, in autumn 1996 and late winter/early spring 1997 and analyzed for dissolved pesticides. The two seasons chosen for sampling were during pesticide application periods in the Imperial Valley. Pesticide concentrations were measured in filtered water samples using solid-phase extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Generally, the highest concentrations were measured in the Alamo River. The concentrations ... |
|
| Fluorescence Remote Sensing and Plant Stress |
20 DEC 2001 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Donald R. Young; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| The project objective was to determine the degree of plant stress detectable with remote fluorescence measurements in response to application of the stressors: salinity, drought, herbicide, organophosphate-based pesticide, and trampling. All experiments were conducted with Phragmites australis (common reed), a weedy wetland grass common throughout the mid-Atlantic region. The degree of stress was quantified through measured changes in photosynthetic rate, leaf pigment concentrations, stomatal conductance and leaf xylem pressure potential. ... |
|
| Evaluation of Occupational Exposures at Compost Production Facilities |
MAY 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Darrin K. Ott; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| This study looked at what employers have done to evaluate and control potential health effects in compost operations without having such things as TLV's, standard measurement methods, and other typical occupational health tools to build control programs around. Assessment of the effectiveness of workplace hazard control practices were made by air sampling where feasible or other means if not, i.e. observation, questionnaires, etc. Bioaerosols and organic dust have been the ... |
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| Method of Analysis and Quality-Assurance Practices by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group-Determination of Four Selected Mosquito Insecticides and a Synergist in Water Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass S |
2001 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
L. R. Zimmerman; A. P. Strahan; E. M. Thurman; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| A method of analysis and quality-assurance practices were developed for the determination of four mosquito insecticides (malathion, methoprene, phenothrin, and resmethrin) and one synergist (piperonyl butoxide) in water. The analytical method uses liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Good precision and accuracy were demonstrated in reagent water, urban surface water, and ground water. The mean accuracies as percentages of the true compound concentrations from water samples spiked at ... |
|
| Biomarkers of Genotoxicity Induced by DDT and Risk for Breast Cancer in Madison County, Alabama |
OCT 2000 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Padma Tadi-Uppala; OAKWOOD COLL HUNTSVILLE AL
|
| Oakwood College, a private liberal arts institution, in Huntsville, Alabama in collaboration with University of Alabama in Huntsville and University of Birmingham in Huntsville is conducting a research project to study biochemical markers of genotoxicity induced by DDT in Madison County, Alabama. Residents of the town of Triana, predominantly black have been eating fish from a local river contaminated with DDT for nearly 50 years. The study conducted by Center ... |
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| Factors Contributing to the Spread of Hydrilla in Lakes and Reservoirs |
JUL 2000 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
John D. Madsen; Chetta S. Owens; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
|
| This technical note reviews case histories on several lakes and reservoirs throughout the United States that are infested with hydrilla (Hydnlla verticillata (L.f.) Royle), to evaluate environmental factors regulating its rate of spread. Environmental factors include water chemistry parameters such as alkalinity, conductivity, pH, chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, dissolved ammonia- nitrogen, total phosphorus and transparency (as measured by Secchi disk depth). |
|
| Method for Neutralizing Organophosphorus Agricultural Chemicals |
08 JUN 2000 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Donald T. Cronce; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| A method for neutralizing organophosphorus agricultural chemicals with a composition having a quaternary ammonium complex component, an oxidizer component and a solvent. After an organophosphorus agricultural chemical is passed through a pathway, an agricultural chemical neutralizer is used to neutralize residual agricultural chemical within the pathway. |
|
| Biotechnology Information on Prices of Genetically Modified Seeds in theUnited States and Argentina |
JAN 2000 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIV
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| For many years, scientists have used traditional plant-breeding techniques to develop improved plant varieties with higher yields and greater resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. However, traditional plant-breeding techniques can be very time-consuming-it sometimes takes up to 15 years or more before a new plant variety reaches the market. Furthermore, in traditional breeding, generally only closely related plant species can be used in cross ... |
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| Method for Estimating Pesticide Use for County Areas of the Conterminous United States |
2000 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Gail P. Thelin; Leonard P. Gianessi; DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON DC
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| Information on the amount and distribution of pesticide compounds used throughout the United States is essential to evaluate the relation between water quality and pesticide use. This information is the basis of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program studies of the effects of pesticides on water quality in 57 major hydrologic systems, or study units, located throughout the conterminous United States. To support these studies, a method ... |
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| Agent Orange: Actions Needed to Improve Communications of Air Force Ranch Hand Study Data and Results |
DEC 1999 |
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| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV
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| From 1962 to early 1971, the United States sprayed herbicides, including Agent Orange, over Vietnam. In the late 1970s, concerns began to emerge over the long-term health problems of Vietnam veterans. Although these veterans could have been exposed to many potential health hazards, including pesticides, infectious diseases, and treatments for tropical diseases, attention focused on herbicides. Several herbicides, including Agent Orange, contain dioxin,1 which is ... |
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| Ultra Low Volume Dispersal of Insecticides by Ground Equipment |
DEC 1999 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
James R. Brown; Cole J. Church; Joseph M. Conlon; Eric R. Hoffman; ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD WASHINGTON DC
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| Disease vector and nuisance pest control for routine and contingency military operations requires continual modification and updating of techniques and equipment. Coupled with changing pesticide requirements due to resistance and/or environmental considerations, the military utilizes state-of-the-art techniques to ensure protection of its forces. The employment of ultra low volume (ULV) equipment is one example of the methods introduced since 1960 in an effort to improve flying insect control. Primary emphasis ... |
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| Perchlorate in Fertilizers |
SEP 1999 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
J. E. Eldridge; D. T. Tsui; D. R. Mattie; J. Crown; R. Scott; T. Blackman; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH OPERATIONAL TOXICOLOGY BRANCH
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| This report documents an inter-laboratory collaborative study on the performance on ion chromatography (IC) methods for perchlorate analysis in lawn and garden fertilizers. Seven government, private, and commercial laboratories participated in the analysis of 34 aqueous suspensions of the test materials, using similar ion chromatography systems. Two method variants (AS-11 and AS-16) were evaluated. Statistical evaluations by paired t-test for the means analysis found good agreements m each of the ... |
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| Classification of Organophosphorus Compound Infrared Spectra by Pattern Recognition Techniques |
17 AUG 1999 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Howard T. Mayfield; DeLyle Eastwood; Larry A. Burggraf; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
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| Infrared spectra of organophosphorus compounds, including pesticides and a set of neurotoxins which have been banned from use by international agreement, along with their precursors and hydrolysis products, were obtained from a variety of sources. The data were treated to minimize spectral information related to the spectral origin. A common spectral wavelength range was selected and spectral data within this range were transduced into data vectors. Computer-assisted classification tools were ... |
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| Comparison of Two Cell-Based Assays for Screening Dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds in Sediments |
JUL 1999 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The purpose of this technical note is to report the results of studies comparing two cell-based assays as screening tools for dioxins and related compounds in sediments. The Reuber H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line and the recombinant 101L human hepatoma cell line were used to assay 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxic equivalents (TEQs) in split samples of the same sediment extracts. The two methods were compared for sensitivity and correlation with ... |
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| Pesticide Reduction Through Precision Targeting |
SEP 1998 |
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| Authors:
Richard J. Brenner; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
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| The rationale for studying insecticide resistance in this SERDP effort stems directly from the requirement to know the effectiveness of a particular mitigation measure before it can be recommended in a comparative risk reduction environment. The following report deals with insecticide resistance in an important pest, the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). This domiciliary pest is found in populations defined by the structure in which they ... |
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Agricultural Chemistry
