Epitaxial layers of Ga(1-x)Mn(x)N with concentrations of up to x = 0.015 have been grown on c-sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. No ferromagnetic second phases were detected via high-resolution x-ray diffraction. Crystalline quality and surface structure were measured by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. No significant deterioration in crystal quality and no increase in surface roughness with the incorporation of Mn were detected. Optical measurements show ...
A reverse martensitic phase transformation was observed in nb-enriched nb-co multilayers induced by room temperature 200 kev xenon ion mixing. further experiments revealed that this bcc-fcc transition proceeds in two steps, i.e., bcc-hcp and hcp-fcc. a crystallographic model is proposed to explain the two-step transition through shearing and sliding, which are mediated by irradiation-induced defects and strain in the films. in addition, the existence of the hcp and fcc metastable ...
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