| Perspectives on Trusted Computer Systems |
SEP 88 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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 | The topic of this paper is trusted computer systems and their place in the world, as well as their contribution to the overall cause of computer security. First, however, there are some background aspects to deal with, so that it is clear what the issues are and what the specialized terminology means. Since the concept of trusted systems originated in the United States, the general context of the following discussion ... |
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| Survivability Issues and USAFE (United States Air Forces in Europe) Policy |
MAY 88 |
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| Authors:
Bruce W. Don; Donald E. Lewis; Robert M. Paulson; Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| This document reports the major findings and recommendations of a study that examined the relationship of command policy to survivability issues within the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). It assesses how USAFE develops staff initiatives and programs and how command policy might be changed to help insure that survivability is appropriately considered during this process. Survivability considerations may be overlooked in the normal course of business and many ... |
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| Computer Security Policy Issues: From Past Toward the Future |
DEC 87 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| Subsequent to the presentation of the material in this paper but prior to its publication, the Senate passed H.R. 145 (Computer Security Act of 1987) on December 21, 1987. The House had previously passed the bill on June 22, 1987. The President signed it into public law (PL 100-235) on January 8, 1988. The Act implements a major recommendation of this paper, that the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology ... |
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| A Perspective on the USAFE (United States Air Forces in Europe) Collocated Operating Base System |
JUL 86 |
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| Authors:
Donald E. Lewis; Robert M. Paulson; Bruce W. Don; Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| This note documents results of an evaluation of selected management issues associated with the development of the Collocated Operating Base (COB) program in NATO. The COB concept was developed in response to the requirements for bedding down the large number of USAF aircraft to be sent to Europe in support of current contingency plans to augment forces of the U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) based in the theater. The ... |
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| Technological Perspectives for Air Base Communications |
OCT 85 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| This Note examines the relevance of contemporary local area network (LAN) and computer-based digital telephone switch technology to the needs of CONUS airbases, in both the near term and far term. It suggests possible architectures based on such technology and concludes that in the next decade a hybrid arrangement will provide the flexibility and adaptability that differences in requirements among bases demand. The Note also considers the security aspect of ... |
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| Perspectives on Oversight Management of Software Development Projects |
JUL 1983 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; Robert L. Patrick; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| This report examines the problems of oversight management of large, important software development projects, i.e., management at levels above that of direct project execution. Senior managers must recognize events in the evolution of the project that might provide high leverage for maximizing the return on their invested time (in knowledge, status, or outcome projections), and that provide insight into project status and clues about possible problems. The note attempts to ... |
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| Avionics Software: Where Are We? |
SEP 1982 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| Since the digital computer first flew in an avionics system 25 years ago, the art has progressed from small very slow vacuum tube machines with limited memory to fast chip-based machines that not only do sensor processing but also integrate a variety of data sources into many capabilities--among others, navigation, sophisticated weapons delivery, programmed menu-displays to the air crew. As onboard computer hardware has proliferated, software inescapably has also. From ... |
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| A Taxonomy for Privacy |
NOV 1981 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| The invitation to present this paper suggested that it might seek to organize privacy concerns in some overall framework. How can the many dimensions of privacy be all put together? How can the various perspectives on privacy be harmonized? Can a focus be provided to give some guidance to the legal and judicial systems of the country? Behind these questions is the observation that the l egal, judicial, and legislative ... |
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| Security, Privacy, and National Vulnerability, |
APR 1981 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| Computer technology is not a wholly new experience for the world nor are the aspects it emphasizes totally new. New dimensions of the computer's effect have to be identified, noticed, and dealt with but we do not start completely from scratch. Time should not be expended redoing what does not have to be done. Instead, concentrate on genuinely new dimensions which can be identified and dealt with appropriately. |
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| Security, Privacy, and New Technology |
JAN 1981 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| Partial Contents: Computer Crime; Computer Security; Computer Defense; Data Exposure; A New Privacy Aspect; Gatekeeping; Data Puddles; Technological Defenses; and A Network Defense. |
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| Security and Privacy in the 80s, |
MAY 1980 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| These are some new things to think about in privacy and something new in security. For privacy, it is the information usage question but from the point of view of society overall. For security, the new thought that I would leave with you is the possibility of architectures for distributed arrangements that provide additional safeguard mechanisms that are effective against an ever increasing spectrum of threats. For legislative matters, I ... |
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| Security Controls for Computer Systems. Report of Defense Science Board Task Force on Computer Security, |
OCT 1979 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
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| The wide use of computers in military and defense installations has long necessitated the application of security rules and regulations. A basic principle underlying the security of computer systems has traditionally been that of isolation-simply removing the entire system to a physical environment in which penetrability is acceptably minimized. First, the security problem is not unique to any one type of computer system or configuration; it applies across the spectrum ... |
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| Public Policy Aspects for an Information Age, |
JAN 1977 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| Computer technology has paralleled what must be an inevitable course for any technology. There is an initial period of understanding and of finding it useful for things clearly good. Then there is a period of intense and perhaps wild exploitation; then a period of finding it being used in bad ways. Finally, the realization emerges that no technology stands alone, that it influences society and existing institutions, and that it ... |
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| Federal and State Regulations Concerning the Privacy of Health Care Data, |
JAN 1977 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| Testimony before the National Commission of Electronic Fund Transfers, |
DEC 1976 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| This report contains testimony given 27 October 1976. The author points out that the phrase 'EFT systems' is ill-defined. There are many such already in existence, including the automated clearing house, the cash terminal, and the point of sale terminal. Descriptive billing is a form of a EFT system; the national networks that are operated by organizations such as National Bank Americard are EFT systems. Each deals with payment exchange; ... |
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| State of the Privacy Act: An Overview of Technological and Social Science Developments, |
NOV 1976 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| Privacy is a problem of many dimensions, even for the limited context in which this conference will examine it. It is a complex issue, but one set in a much broader information policy issue. |
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| Privacy and Security Issues in Information Systems, |
JUL 1976 |
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| Authors:
Rein Turn; Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| Central in privacy protection are the rights of an individual to know what data are maintained on him, challenge their veracity and relevance, limit their nonroutine use or dissemination, and be assured that their quality, integrity, and confidentiality are maintained. In all computer systems that maintain and process valuable information, or provide services to multiple users concurrently, it is necessary to provide security safeguards against unauthorized access, use, or modifications ... |
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| Privacy Issues and the Private Sector, |
JUL 1976 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| GUIDE represents a large portion of the private sector of this country; at the moment, of course, the recordkeeping processes of non-Federal organizations are being examined for possible legislative safeguards. Information in modern day record systems is used directly to affect everyone. The future will be one in which information about individuals will be used even more extensively than it is today, and in very broad ways. This society levies ... |
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| Privacy Aspects of Health Statistics, |
MAR 1976 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| Privacy: The Private Sector and Society's Needs, |
MAR 1975 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| The subject of the document is usually called privacy or some variation such as computer privacy. The issue discussed is that of personal information contained in recordkeeping systems. It includes the way such information is used or abused, the possible impact of it on individuals, and the mechanisms that society will have to create to assure that no one is harmed in some way as a consequence of the operation ... |
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| Legislative Issues Surrounding the Confidentiality of Health Records, |
JAN 1975 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| The report is a draft position paper that seeks to explore some of the issues surrounding the features that might be required in legislation to protect the confidentiality of health records. |
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| Computer Privacy and Computer Security, |
OCT 1974 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| The following topics are discussed: The privacy trade-off; Technical vs. legal problems; Legislating the issue; A limit to laws. |
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| Computers, Personal Privacy and Human Choice, |
DEC 1973 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| There is substantial concern in many countries of the Western world about the relation between the individual citizen and government or private data banks that use information about him for various purposes. It would appear that many legislative and administrative actions will occur in 1974-75 that will significantly redress the balance of power between citizen and data bank; the relationship between them will become more equitable and bilateral. In this ... |
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| Data Banks, Privacy, and Society, |
NOV 1973 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| The report surveys the growing problem of personal privacy in the collection and dissemination of personal information by various agencies and businesses. The report briefly discusses the need for safeguards in data banks and other solutions to the 'privacy' problem. |
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| Computers and Society: The Technological Setting, |
OCT 1973 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| This paper is intended to give only impressions of where computing technology is going and to give a flavor of what it can mean to society, to various professions and to the individual. It will concentrate on two aspects: the so-called logic technology because it is an indicator of how fast a computer can operate and is therefore an approximate measure of the gross computing horsepower that can be built; ... |
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| Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens, |
AUG 1973 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| In early 1972, then Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Elliot Richardson, created a Special Advisory Committee with the charge to analyze harmful consequences that might result from automated personal data systems, and to make recommendations about safeguards that might protect individuals against potentially harmful consequences and afford them redress for any harm. Since the Social Security Number has been widely used as a personal identifier, the Committee was also ... |
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| The Ultimate Computer, |
APR 1972 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| Whoever builds a computer with ultimate capability must push hardware to the bounds of its physical limitations, find better mathematical approaches, and employ the most efficient program implementation. Multistream machines or large memories could markedly improve speed, but for real gains, one must also look to a more sophisticated exploitation of components. To this end, analysis shows that component-speed improvements by factors of several hundred to a few thousand can ... |
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| Limits in Computing Power, |
OCT 1971 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| In its few decades of existence, digital computer performance has increased staggeringly. In the 1930s, computers performed operations a few per second; the largest contemporary machines are approaching 100 million per second. Most of this ratio of 8 orders of magnitude--has come from advances in electronic technology--relays to vacuum tubes to discrete solid state circuits to integrated microcircuits; some has come from internal logical organization and system architecture. Ultimately, the ... |
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| Security Controls for Computer Systems, |
FEB 1970 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| With the advent of resource-sharing computer systems that distribute the capabilities and components of the machine configuration among several users or several tasks, a new dimension has been added to the problem of safeguarding computer-resident classified information. The basic problems associated with machine processing of classified information are not new. They have been encountered in the batch-processing mode of operation and, more recently, in the use of remote job-entry systems; ... |
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| ON LIMITS IN COMPUTING POWER, |
OCT 1969 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| The document speculates on the upper limits of operating speeds for computers and on the technology required. |
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| SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS, |
APR 1967 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
|
| Computer systems operating with classified military information and those handling private or sensitive information are contrasted in terms of: controlling user access; incentives to penetration; hardware requirements; file access and protection; overall philosophy of system organization; certifying authorities; magnitude and seriousness of penetration efforts; security and protection of communication circuits. Generally speaking, similar hardware-software and systems precautions must be taken. The essential distinctions are in the legal framework, value of ... |
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| JOHNNIAC EULOGY, |
MAR 1966 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| Text of talk presented at the decommissioning ceremonies for the computer operated at Rand Corporation between 1953 and 1966. JOHNNIAC was one of the family of computers developed from the von Neumann machine, the machine, in turn, developed at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study. From the JOHNNIAC there was developed JOSS, the JOHNNIAC Open-Shop System. The ceremonies were held at the Rand Corporation, 18 Feb 1966. JOHNNIAC will be placed ... |
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| SOVIET CYBERNETICS TECHNOLOGY: V. SOVIET PROCESS CONTROL COMPUTERS, |
NOV 1965 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; Wade B. Holland; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| This Memorandum details eight recently developed Soviet control computers, all of which are either presently being produced or are scheduled for production. The eight include: 'Dnepr' (UMShN), UM-1-NKh, VNIIEM-1, VNIIEM-3, UM-1, 'Stal'-2', 'Zenit-3', and MPPI-1. The information on these machines is in the form of heavily annotated translations from Soviet source material. All pictures and diagrams from the original source items are included, as well as several photographs from other ... |
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| SOVIET CYBERNETICS TECHNOLOGY: II GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERAL SOVIET COMPUTERS, |
AUG 1963 |
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| Authors:
Wade B. Holland; Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| A short translation introducing the subject of Soviet Computing technology and specifying some areas of computer application considered to be of special importance is presented. The 'Ural' and BESM series of computers are widely known and well covered in the literature. The 'Ural-4' is the most recent member of that series. The BESM-II described would appear to be a modified version of that machine, since the description contained herein does ... |
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| SOVIET CYBERNETICS TECHNOLOGY: I. SOVIET CYBERNETICS, 1959-1962, |
JUN 1963 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; Wade B. Holland; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
|
| The three most recent volumes of Problems in Cybernetics, a collection of research reports published more or less annually, form the bulk of the Memorandum (Chaps. 3-5). Chapter 1, a translation of an excerpt from the book Philo sophic Questions on Cybernetics, points out the growing pains of the new discipline and touches on the effort to reconcile cybernetics witer disciplines which may view its accomp lishments and possibilities with ... |
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| CONTROL AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS: BASIC RESEARCH FOR THE MAN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION BARRIER, |
25 NOV 1959 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| The paper discusses the importance of basic research towards the development of computers which simulate human intelligence. |
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| RELIABILITY AND THE COMPUTER, |
20 FEB 1957 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| The meaning of reliability in a computing system is examined, and the contrast between analog and digital systems in this respect is discussed. The paper reviews a few salient aspects of the computer reliability problem, and contributes perhaps a new viewpoint to some parts of the reliability question. (Author) |
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| THE DIGITAL COMPUTER, WHERE DOES IT GO FROM HERE, |
05 OCT 1954 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
|
| The modern digital computing system can range from a 100 tube device the size of a desk to a many thousand tube device weighing several tons. Some machines may perform 10,000 operations per second; others, only a few hundred. In common, however, they all exhibit when compared to a competing system staffed by people, a phenomenal record for freedom from error plus some measure of increased rate of production. The ... |
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| THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRONIC COMPUTER PROJECT AT THE INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY, |
10 MAR 1953 |
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| Authors:
Willis H. Ware; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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Reports by Author
