Over the life of this grant, significant technical contributions have been made. When this grant commenced, we were at the very beginnings of building a hierarchical gecko-inspired adhesive. Since that point, we have developed hierarchical synthetic adhesive has been developed which utilizes milli/micro/nanofabrication to build active adhesive devices. In addition, in the final year of the grant, the adhesive was made actively reversible, and we were able (with additional funds ...