We have created a timescale that joins the short-term stability of several hydrogen masers with the long-term capabilities of an ensemble of cesium frequency standards. Control theory is utilized in a system design that combines frequency standards with varied properties. The system steers a maser ensemble with respect to a cesium ensemble while minimally perturbing the maser short- term performance. Results are given from both simulated and measured data. Systems ...
Sudden transitions in the friction and wear behavior of stainless steel have recently been identified as a function of the sliding distance during high temperature sliding wear in carbon dioxide. This work has studied the effect of making controlled additions of oxygen to carbon dioxide on such behavior. The predominant effect is a significant fall in the number of cycles at which a severe-to-mild wear transition takes place, this being ...
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