| Empirically-driven Analysis for Model-driven Experimentation: From Lab to Sea and Back Again (Part 1) |
JUN 2006 |
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| Authors:
Shawn A. Weil; William Kemple; Rebecca Grier; Susan Hutchins; David Kleinman; Susan Hocevar; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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 | The Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) is a versatile military organization, designed to effectively handle missions as diverse as air warfare, tactical ballistic missile defense, and maritime interdiction operations. Over the past several years, ESG organizations have allocated command responsibilities in several ways, each permutation affecting organizational dynamics. The Adaptive Architectures for Command and Control (A2C2) program has been using model-based experimentation to investigate the congruence of organizational structure with mission ... |
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| Supporting Organizational Change in Command and Control: Approaches and Metrics |
JUN 2005 |
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| Authors:
Shawn A. Weil; Georgiy Levchuk; Stephen Downes-Martin; Frederick J. Diedrich; Elliot E. Entin; Katrina E. See; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| Network-centered Command and Control (C2) has great potential to increase military effectiveness, in some measure due to enhanced information sharing and dissemination techniques. However, for these technologies to be maximally effective, C2 organizations need to have the flexibility to tailor their organizational structures in response to changing mission conditions. In the experiment reported here, a model-based approach to supporting organizational adaptation was assessed. The purpose of this experiment was to ... |
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| Supporting Organizational Change in Command and Control: Approaches and Metrics |
JUN 2005 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Shawn A. Weil; Georgiy Levchuk; Stephen Downes-Martin; Frederick J. Diedrich; Elliot E. Entin; Katrina E. See; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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 | Network-centered Command and Control (C2) has great potential to increase military effectiveness, in some measure due to enhanced information sharing and dissemination techniques. However, for these technologies to be maximally effective, C2 organizations need to have the flexibility to tailor their organizational structures in response to changing mission In the experiment reported here, a model-based approach to supporting organizational adaptation was assessed. The purpose of this experiment was to explore ... |
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| Collaborative Critical Thinking |
13 Jan 2005 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Jared Freeman; Kathleen Hess; Daniel Serfaty; Jean MacMillan; Orlando Olivares; Paul Titus; Michael Coovert; Tim Willis; APTIMA INC WASHINGTON DC
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| From Cognitive Task Analysis to Simulation: Developing a Synthetic Team Task for AWACS Weapons Directors |
2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M. Hess; Jean MacMillan; Daniel Serfaty; Linda Elliott; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| To effectively study team variables as they impact performance in a particular domain, it is possible to develop medium fidelity simulations that abstract some details of the performance environment while maintaining others. This paper reports the results of a successful effort to create a synthetic task environment that captures key elements of a team task based on Cognitive Task Analysis of the important features of the task from a teamwork ... |
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| Building Adaptive Organizations: A Bridge from Basic Research to Operational Exercises |
2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen P. Hess; Stephen M. Hess; William G. Kemple; Susan P. Hocevar; Elliot E. Entin; Susan G. Hutchins; David L. Kleinman; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| Realizing the benefits of network-centric warfare -- in terms of improved access to high-quality information, speed of command, and dominant application of forces -- will require a synergy among three dimensions of change: technology, force organization, and team processes. To achieve the potential advantages of new technological capabilities requires that the military reexamine old rules of business and force-structures and recast them in ways that allow for increased flexibility and ... |
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| Collaboration and Modeling Tools for Counter-Terrorism Analysis |
Jul-2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Serfaty; Haiying Tu; Kathleen Carley; Krishna Pattipati; Webb Stacy; Peter Willett; Robert Popp; Jeffrey Allanach; Satnam Singh; DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY ARLINGTON VA
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| One of the major challenges in counter-terrorism analysis today involves connecting the relatively few and sparse terrorism-related dots embedded within massive amounts of data flowing into the government's intelligence and counter-terrorism agencies. Information technologies have the potential to empower analysts with a superior ability to process and analyze the data, disseminate and share it, and ultimately put the data into a form that allows senior decision-makers to understand and act ... |
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| Inducing Adaptation in Organizations: Concept and Experiment Design |
JUN 2004 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Elliot E. Entin; Shawn A. Weil; David L. Kleinman; Susan G. Hutchins; Susan P. Hocevar; William G. Kemple; Daniel Serfaty; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OPERATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES
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| Mission performance is likely to be high when organizational structures are "congruent" with the mission and degraded when organizational structures are "incongruent" with the mission. All else being equal, it is to an organization's advantage to monitor the fit between its structure and mission, and to alter its structure when a misfit is identified. The authors afforded teams the opportunity to adapt their organizational structure to changes in the mission. ... |
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| Collaborative Critical Thinking |
15 Jan 2004 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen Hess; Jared Freeman; Daniel Serfaty; Jean MacMillan; Gabriel Spitz; Michael Garrity; Orlando Olivares; Paul Titus; Michael Coovert; APTIMA INC WASHINGTON DC
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| Performance Measurement for Diagnosing and Debriefing Distributed Command and Control Teams |
JUN 2003 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Joan H. Johnston; Daniel Serfaty; Jared Freeman; NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND ORLANDO FL TRAINING SYSTEMS DIV
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| Distributed simulation-based training is a challenging and resource intensive effort that the services must perform on a day-to-day basis--within services, joint service, and in joint coalition forces. Research gains have been made that demonstrate advanced training assessment and diagnosis, however, there remains a need for research and development of automated capabilities for assessing team performance, diagnosing root causes of team failure, and debriefing the results across distributed platforms in exercises. ... |
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| When Do Organizations Need to Change (Part II)? Incongruence in Action |
25 APR 2003 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Elliot E. Entin; Frederick J. Diedrich; David L. Kleinman; William G. Kemple; Susan P. Hocevar; Brian Rubineau; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| Organizations that adapt to changes in their environment have a much better chance at achieving their mission and performing well. When organizations do adapt they usually alter their strategies, but rarely do they change their organizational structure even when that structure no longer fits the mission. To identify the conditions that will be salient enough to cause organizations to alter not only their strategies, but also their current structures, we ... |
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| Collaborative Critical Thinking |
16 Jan 2003 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Jared Freeman; Daniel Serfaty; Jean MacMillan; Kathy Hess; Beth Littleton; Michael Coovert; APTIMA INC WASHINGTON DC
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| Goal: effective collaboration * Collaboration at a distance - enabled by network connectivity - is central to 21st century Command and Control * Collaboration technology capabilities have outpaced understanding of collaboration * Need insight into the cognitive processes involved in effective collaborative in order to best design and use the technology Our focus: collaborative critical thinking. Our objectives: Define, measure, and strengthen CCT w/ tools and training. |
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| Team Critical Thinking: Foundations & Research Directions |
Jan 2002 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jared Freeman; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WASHINGTON DC
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| Overview of briefing charts: what is critical thinking? What is teamwork? What is team critical thinking? The role of collaborative technology in team critical thinking. |
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| Team Collaboration for Command and Control: A Critical Thinking Model |
2002 |
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| Authors:
Jared T. Freeman; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WASHINGTON DC
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| We define an initial framework for understanding, measuring, and managing one form of collaboration: team critical thinking. The framework will be used to understand how team members critique and refine team performance, develop measures of performance, and eventually to create training and decision aids that support this form of collaboration. The framework leverages recent research and theory concerning individual critical thinking, teamwork, and information-age warfare. A sample of measures is ... |
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| Awareness and C2 Organizational Structure |
2002 |
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| Authors:
Elliot E. Entin; Frederick J. Diedrich; Jean MacMillan; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| In this paper we test the hypothesis that organizational structure, and the history of that structure, influences mutual workload awareness. More specifically, we explored the congruence of workload awareness among a number of decision makers acting in two organizational structures (functional vs. divisional) with different histories (divisional followed by functional vs. functional followed by divisional). Seven teams comprised of military officers were assigned to one of the two orders and ... |
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| Model-Based Design of Information-Rich Command Organizations |
APR 2001 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| This paper describes a breakthrough organization/team design method; a systematic, formal quantitative approach to designing a team that best fits the mission to be accomplished. The Team Integrated Design Environment (TIDE) is a tool set designed to support this method, enabling the quantitative definition of requirements for command teams operating in complex mission environments. The TIDE methods and tools represent a powerful methodology to create novel organizational structures based on ... |
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| DMT-RNet: An Internet-Based Infrastructure for Distributed Multidisciplinary Investigations of C2 Performance |
2001 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Eileen B. Entin; Daniel Serfaty; Linda R. Elliott; Samuel G. Schiflett; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX
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| The authors describe the first phase of a collaborative research program that leveraged emerging capabilities of the internet to connect a distributed PC-based synthetic task environment system for the purpose of research in distributed team training and decision making. Using an internet-based version of the dynamic distributed decision making (DDD) paradigm, 16 participants from four multidisciplinary research groups (Brooks AFB, University of South Florida, University of Central Florida, and Aptima, ... |
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| From Laboratory to Field - Testing A2C2 Concepts during Global Warfare Exercises |
2000 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M. Hess; William G. Kemple; Elliot E. Entin; Kathleen P. Hess; Susan P. Hocevar; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| Global Wargame '99 offered the A2C2 team a unique opportunity to witness a large-scale exploration of Network Centric Warfare (NCW) concepts in the context of an extended operational exercise. The team became involved in Global `99 three months prior to the game through their interaction with a team of warfighters with whom they conducted a training exercise at the Naval Postgraduate School entitled "Bridge to Global `99." During that training ... |
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| Conceptual Description: The Sophisticated Automatic Policy-Generation Executor (SAGE) Tool |
2000 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
John Poirier; Jean MacMillan; Kathleen Hess; Jared Freeman; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| This paper describes a concept for a tool (the SAGE: Sophisticated Automatic policy-Generation Executor) that will provide semi-automatic development and implementation of information policy to assist military commanders in meeting their operational requirements. The concepts presented here address the problem of deriving organizational information management policies from mission concepts and provide a mechanism for commanders and their staffs to articulate information policies appropriate to their roles and echelons within the ... |
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| Designing the Information Space and Physical Layout for a Command Center Based on an Optimized Organizational Structure |
1999 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jean MacMillan; Michael J. Paley; Yuri N. Levchuk; Daniel Serfaty; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| This paper presents a method for designing the physical layout of a command center to best support team performance, based on the communication and information structure of the team. The command center design method is based on an optimized team design model that produces the best team structure for a specific mission. Using information about the team's communication patterns and information needs, we apply model-based principles to evaluate candidate designs ... |
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| Designing Optimal Organizational Structures for Combat Information Centers in the Next Generation of Navy Ships |
1999 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Paley; Yuri N. Levchuk; Daniel Serfaty; Jean MacMillan; APTIMA INC WOBURN MA
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| The need exists for a comprehensive methodology for synthesizing adaptive decision making organizations to complete complex missions. Over the years, research in organizational decision making has demonstrated that a strong functional dependency exists between the specific structure of a task environment and the resulting optimal organizational structure and its decision strategy. What is needed is an application of a scientific model of organizational design, used to optimize organizational performance within ... |
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Reports by Author
