A detailed discussion of the U.S. Coast Guard aids to navigation application of solar photovoltaics with an emphasis on energy storage by lead-acid batteries is presented. A methodology is developed for the prediction of performance of a lead-acid battery in low-rate photovoltaic charging. Experimental results from five years of solar photovoltaic charging of lead-antimony grid batteries at various levels of voltage regulation are discussed. A two-level, two-factorial experiment with pure-lead ...
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