Results from shallow-water observational studies have shown acoustic field fluctuations in excess of 10 dB due primarily to non-linear internal solitary waves (ISWs). This work concentrates on three limitations ISWs pose to shallow-water acoustic propagation: anisotropy, quasi-deterministic-stochastic nature, and frequency dependence. These aspects are explored for low frequencies of 75 and 150 Hz through the development of a full-wave three-dimensional parabolic equation model in which a single ISW is introduced ...
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