The behavior of carbon materials under thermal load in fusion reactors has been stimulated by laser-pulse irradiation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this way material damage, such as thermal shock crack formation and propagation, and erosion behavior, can be studied in situ in the SEM with high lateral resolution. The dependence of damage initiation and propagation on the laser-beam parameters (pulse number, energy, spot size, spot duration and ...
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