| Lifetime Predictions for Carbon Steel in Natural Fresh Water |
2011 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Lee; R. I. Ray; B. J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
 | Corrosion rates of carbon steel in Duluth-Superior Harbor (DSH) were measured over a 3-year period using weight loss, pit depth measurements and linear polarization resistance (LPR). Corrosion coupons were placed in racks throughout the harbor and removed periodically for weight loss and pit depth measurements. LPR measurements were made at rack locations. Estimated corrosion rates varied among the techniques and there were no obvious relationships between predicted rates from the ... |
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| The Anatomy of Tubercles on Steel |
2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
R. I. Ray; J. S. Lee; B. J. Little; T. L. Gerke; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The chemistry, mineralogy and microbiology of tubercles on cast iron and carbon steel were investigated. Tubercles, from diverse fresh water environments and of varying ages, consistently had an outer crust of goethite and lepidocrocite and an inner shell of magnetite. Core regions differed in structure, composition and chemistry. The presence of tubercles on carbon steel and cast iron cannot be used to conclude localized corrosion directly under the tubercles or ... |
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| Localization and Specification of Copper Ions in Biofilms on Corroding Copper Surfaces. |
1994 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
B. J. Little; P. A. Wagner; K. R. Hart; R. I. Ray; D. M. Lavoie; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) techniques can be used to differentiate Cu+1 and CU+2 species within biofilms attached to surfaces. Copper ions could not be demonstrated with XANES within a marine biofilm of Oceanospirillum on a corroding copper surface. Furthermore, Cu+2 concentration cells do not appear to be a significant mechanism for microbiologically influenced corrosion in marine environments. Copper, Microbiologically influenced corrosion, Polymer, XANES. |
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| High-Frequency Bistatic Reverberation from a Smooth Ocean Bottom |
MAY 1993 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
S. Stanic; E. Kennedy; R. I. Ray; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| High-frequency bistatic reverberation was measured from a smooth, sandy, featureless bottom located 19 miles south of Panama City, FL. Bistatic scattering variability is presented as a function of frequency (20-180 kHz), grazing angles (9.50 deg -30 deg), and small horizontal and vertical bistatic scattering angles. Results show that bistatic variabilities tend to decrease with decreasing grazing angles and decreasing source beamwidths. Possible explanations for these decreasing variations are also presented.... ... |
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