| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
MAR 2005 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Ryan James; James Botsford; Theresa Curtis; Frank Doherty; Donald Lush; Phil McFadden; Thomas O'Shaughnessy; Stanley States; Ryo Shoji; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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 | The U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), a detachment of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, in collaboration with Battelle, has recently evaluated the use of 10 sensor technologies for rapid identification of toxicity in drinking water. The objective was to evaluate the ability of these sensors to respond rapidly (in less than an hour) to the presence of 12 industrial and agricultural chemicals. USACHER ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program (Task Order 0020): Evaluation of Decontamination Solutions for Use on Remains |
OCT 2004 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
James E. Estep; Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Priority 1 - Embalming Fluid Effects on Chemical Warfare Agent- The objective was to determine if embalming fluids alone would significantly destroy chemical warfare agents (HD and VX) such that is would serve as a decontaminant. This would simplify the decontamination procedure and provide a cost savings to the Army. The study evaluated embalming fluids Rex 36, Hexaphene MA 64, and Polar Cavity FirmindexR 53, as potential decontamination material by ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program: Task Order 0008, Phase I and II: Canadian Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion (RSDL) |
AUG 2004 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; Carol L. Sabourin; Tom Snider; Timothy Hayes; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) was tasked to determine the decontaminant effectiveness of Reactive Skin Decontaminant Lotion (RSDL) and to assist U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA) in requesting a marketing clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as part of the Foreign Comparative Testing (FCT) program and the Joint Services Fixed Site Decontamination System (JSFXD) Program. The task was divided into two phases. Phase ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUL 2004 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| For Task 0001, Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility successfully functioned in compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations while developing and improving medical countermeasures against relevant chemical agents. In Task 0002, 594 total compounds/combinations have been tested in the mouse ear assay. In Task 0003, penetration cells, MS paper, rabbits and guinea pigs are used to test topical skin protectants (TSP). Gene array analyses of mouse skin exposed ... |
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| Synthesis of 14C Labeled Compounds |
JUN 2004 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; Timothy L. Hayes; James A. Baron; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| The Army requires a quantity of METHYL-14C gd for metabolism/fate studies. This report summarizes a study to determine the maximum attainable specific activity of METHYL-14C dimethyl methyiphosphonate (DMMP) in 100-200 mCi quantities. The original proposal addressed two phases of work with Phase I to determine the maximum attamabie specific activity of METHYL-14C dmmp in 100-200 mCi quantities and Phase II to synthesize 0.5 g of METHYL-14C dmmp with the maximum ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2003 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) successfully maintained and functioned in compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations for developing and improving medical countermeasures against military relevant chemical agents. Fourteen task orders were proposed and/or developed. |
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| Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2002 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) maintained compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations in developing and improving medical countermeasures against military relevant chemical agents. Eight task orders were proposed and/or developed. In Task 0002, 97 Test Assignment Sheets were completed. In Task 0003, rTSP candidates were tested against HD and GD vapor breakthrough in a penetration cell. Animal models are used to perform advanced testing. The Final ... |
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| Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2001 |
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| Authors:
James E. Estep; Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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 | Battelle's5 Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) successfully maintained and functioned in compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations for developing and improving medical countermeasures against military relevant chemical agents. Ten task orders were proposed and/or developed. In Task 0002, 146 Task Assignment Sheets were completed. In Task 0003, 90 and 83 rTSP candidates were tested against HD vapor and GD vapor breakthrough, respectively, using a penetration cell model ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
DEC 2000 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEDICAL RESEARCH AND EVALUATION FACILITY COLUMBUS OH
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| This is a report of research performed between 1989 and 2000 by Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility in support of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supportingthe Medical Chemical Defense Program. Evaluation of Biomarkers for Sulfur Mustard Exposure in the Euthymic Hairless Mous |
NOV 2000 |
216 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Michele M. Danne; James A. Blank; Carol L. Sabourin; Kristi L. Buxton; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacologic modulation of biomarkers for evaluating therapeutics against HD. The molecular biomarkers investigated, using a ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) to determine messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels, were mediators of inflammation, including several cytokines and chemokines, tenascin, and ornithine decarboxylase. Biochemical biomarkers investigated were serum amyloid P (SAP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha) using ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Protection of Guinea Pigs by Passive Immunization With Human Botulinum Immune Globulin Obtained Post Primary Series and Post Six-Month Booster I |
OCT 2000 |
383 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Robert E. Hunt; Rebekah A. Starner; Michelle L. Clagett; Nancy A. Niemuth; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Studies (MREF Tasks 95-39, 96-45, 97-51, and 97-52) have previously demonstrated a high degree of correlation between circulating neutralizing antibody titers and protection against high doses of all botulinum toxin serotypes in the guinea pig model. Neutralizing antibodies have been proposed to the FDA as a serological marker for human protection since efficacy for This vaccine cannot be directly demonstrated in traditional human clinical trials. Task 97-53 establishes the level ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supportingthe Medical Chemical Defense Program. Respiratory Casualty Care Management in the Field Medical Environment |
JUL 2000 |
299 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Frances M. Reid; Nancy A. Niemuth; Mark R. Perry; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Task 97-48 was conducted in two phases: 1) develop a 72-hr anesthetized, ventilated respiratory casualty swine model and 2) assess treatment efficacy of a) 10-15 cm of water positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) with 45 percent oxygen, b) Ibuprofen (IBU), and c) n-acetyl- cysteine (NAC). The early diagnostic capability for pulmonary edema (PE) using the impedance cardiograph was evaluated in Phase II. Phosgene (CG) ... |
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| Neurophysiologic and Neuropathologic Effects in Monkeys of Low Level Exposures to Sarin, Pryidostigmine, Pesticides, and Botulinum Toxoid |
JUL 2000 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Michael Podell; Zarife Sahenk; Robert Lordo; Pamela Kinney; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Of approximately 700,000 U.S. military personnel serving in the Persian Gulf region during Operations Desert Storm/Shield, about 30,000 have had a range of unexplained complaints including chronic fatigue, muscle and joint pain, loss of concentration, forgetfulness, headaches, and rashes.%'% In response to concerns about health effects resulting from service in the Persian Gulf area and to investigate the nature of illnesses reported by veterans, the ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2000 |
128 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; Larry Bullen; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| The Multi-Chambered Autoinjector (MA) is a single autoinjector containing two medicaments stored in separate chambers. The MA devices provided for this study contain only a saline solution. The device is cylindrical in shape and is approximately 18 centimeters in length (cm). The diameter is approximately 2.5 cm. The MA has a removable, gray safety cap on one end and a smaller, green cap on the needle injection end that is ... |
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| Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2000 |
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| Authors:
James E. Estep; Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) successfully utilized personnel, facilities, equipment, and supplies to validate, evaluate, develop and improve medical countermeasures against military relevant chemical agents. The facility and staff met the requirements to sustain a chemical agent laboratory by passing all external and internal organization inspections. in Task 0002, the mouse ear model of topical HI) exposure was used to demonstrate pre-treatment protection ... |
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| Transition and Use of the Mouse Ear Model for Evaluating Candidate Pre- and Post-Treatrnents for Efficacy Against Percutaneous Sulfur Mustard Exposure at the Medical Research and Evaluation Facilit |
APR 2000 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Robyn Kiser; James Blank; Marie Moore; Allen Singer; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| The mouse ear model has been used at the U.S. Army Medical Institute of chemical Defense (USAMRICD) to assess dermal injury caused by sulfur mustard (HD) and to evaluate potential pre- and posttreatment compounds for efficacy against percutaneous HD injury. In this model, the effects of HD with or without treatment compounds are evaluated macroscopically by edema and microscopically by histopathological changes associated with HD injury. ... |
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| Screening of Candidate Pretreatment and Therapeutic Compounds against Vesicant and Nerve Agents Using In Vitro Models |
FEB 2000 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| The Drug Assessment Division of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) has the mission of identifying and evaluating candidate pretreatment and therapeutic compounds which are safe and effective in preventing or reversing the effects of chemical warfare agents. Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) Task 92-32 was initiated in 1993 to assist the identification of pretreatment and treatment (P&T) compounds efficacious ... |
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| Effect of Increasing Toxin Levels on Guineau Pigs Passively Immunized With Human Botulinum Immune Globulin |
JAN 2000 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Pentavalent Botulinum Toxoid (PBT) vaccine is intended for use as a medical countermeasure for combat troops with the potential for exposure to botulinum toxins on the battlefield. As efficacy for this vaccine cannot be directly demonstrated in traditional clinical trials, the measurement of neutralizing antibodies has been proposed as a serological correlate for protection. Task 97-52 is designed to establish the level of protection afforded ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supportingthe Medical Chemical Defense Program |
DEC 1999 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Michele M. Danne; James A. Blank; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Vesicants, such as sulfur mustard (HD), have several routes of exposure, including dermal, ocular, and pulmonary. The most hazardous effects of HD are manifested in the respiratory tract following inhalation of HD vapor. Acute lung edema will result when the pulmonary system is exposed to sufficiently high levels of HD (Eisenmenger et al., 1991). One research objective of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical ... |
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| Neurophysiologic and Neuropathologic Effects in Monkeys of Low Level Exposure to Sarin, Pyridostigmine, Pesticides, and Botulinum Toxoid |
OCT 1999 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE COLUMBUS OH
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| Neurophysiologic and neuropathologic effects in monkeys due to exposure to low levels of Sarin (GB) and immunization with botulinum toxoid alone or in combination with other compounds to which soldiers may have been exposed during the Persian Gulf War are being investigated. GB was given s.c. at 0.01 micrograms/kg once a day, 3 days a week for 2 weeks. Pyridostigmine bromide was given via osmotic pump at ... |
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| Transition of Assay Techniques Developed by U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense to the Medical Research and Evaluation Facility |
JUL 1999 |
191 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Thomas Dreier; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| "The Transition of Assay Techniques Developed by USAMRICD to the MREF" was performed under Contract DAMD 17-89-C-9050. The task is composed of the validation of three of the methods reported in Technical Bulletin (TB MED 296), entitled "Assay Techniques for Detection of Exposure to Sulfur Mustard, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Sarin, Soman, OF, and Cyanide." The three selected methods are: Chapter 2, Verification of Sulfur Mustard Exposure - Measuring Thiodiglycol in Urine ... |
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| Assessment of Subchronic Neurobehaviorial and Neuropathologic Effects inRats Following Low-Level Sarin Exposure |
JUN 1999 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; J. A. Blank; R. A. Lordo; P. H. Kinney; R. C. Kiser; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Personnel at Battelle assessed neurobehavioral and neuropathologic effects in rats due to exposure to low levels of Sarin (GB) alone or in combination with other compounds to which soldiers may have been exposed during the Persian Gulf War. Doses of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) i.m., Sarin (GB) s.c. , and chlorpyrifos (CPF) topically which produced approximately 20-30, 5-10, and 5-10 percent whole blood cholinesterase inhibition (ChE-I), respectively, were ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Determination of the Median Lethal Dose of Two Anticholinesterase Agents and Efficacy of Current Therapy |
APR 1999 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Compounds which inhibit cholinesterases (ChE) may have vastly different characteristics, which affect toxicity as well as response to therapy following intoxication. Intoxication with the nerve agent VX is relatively easily ameliorated with pyridostigmine bromide/atropine/pralidoxime chloride (PYR/ATR/2-PAM) if treatment is instituted at the appropriate time, but intoxication with soman (GD) is difficult to treat. The objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate the median lethal dose (MLD) of two ChE-inhibiting ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
MAR 1999 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Thomas R. Gelzleichter; Melissa A. Myers; Ronald G. Menton; Nancy A. Niemuth; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Botulinum Toxoid Adsorbed Pentavalent (ABCDE) vaccine is intended for use as a medical countermeasure for combat troops exposed to botulinum toxins, a class of biological agents considered to be a potential warfare threat. The Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) at Battelle conducted Task 97-51 for the Joint Program Office for Biological Defense (JPO-BD) to determine an appropriate route of toxin administration for upcoming efficacy studies with botulism immune globulins. ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Task 97-54 |
JAN 1999 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Personnel involved in research and development activities, and transportation of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting compounds must be protected from contact with these chemicals. Since engineering controls may not eliminate all possible exposures, attention must focus on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the use of protective clothing that resists permeation. Gloves are considered the first line of protection against direct skin exposure. Gloves are routinely tested for resistance to chemical ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supportingthe Medical Chemical Defense Program. Demonstration of the Safe and Effective Operation of the Battelle BL-3 Laboratory Faci |
JAN 1999 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Task 95-36 was divided into two sections for administrative purposes. The primary objective was to transform the JM- 1 Biofacility into an operational laboratory capable to conducting preclinical studies with toxins of biological origin in accordance with Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) guidelines. A second objective of this Task was the procurement of SO grams of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
NOV 1998 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| This memo serves as an unclassified summary report for Task 97-56 under Contract DAMD17-89-C-9050. A classified final report has been prepared and awaits delivery instructions. The final report contains data and detailed discussions to demonstrate that the goals of this program have been met. The goals of this program were to deliver 5-10 grams each of Compound II and Compound W. Each compound was to have ... |
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| Neurophysiologic and Neuropathologic Effects in Monkeys of Low Level Exposures to Sarin, Pyridostigmine, Pesticides and Botulinum Toxoid |
OCT 1998 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE COLUMBUS OH
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| The primary objective of the research is to determine if exposures to low levels of sarin (GB) in combination with botulinum toxoid (BotTox) create health problems in rhesus monkeys. Secondarily, the effect of low-level sarin exposures on possible toxic effects produced by other compounds, especially chemicals that have mechanisms of toxicity similar to that of sarin, also is being investigated. Pilot studies are being performed to ... |
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| Assessment of Subchronic Neurobehavioral and Neuropathologic Effects in Rats Following Low-Level Sarin Exposures |
OCT 1998 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Research is being performed to determine if exposures to low levels of sarin (GB) create chronic health problems. The effect of low-level sarin exposures on possible toxic effects produced by other chemicals, especially chemicals that have mechanisms of toxicity similar to that of sarin, also is being investigated. Mature Sprague-Dawley rats are being exposed to various combinations of chlorpyrifos, GB, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), and N,N-diethyl- ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Evaluation of the Passive Protection Against Five Serotypes of Botulinum Toxin Provided by Botulinum Human Immune Globulin in an Animal Model |
JUL 1998 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Thomas R. Gelzeichter; Melissa A. Myers; Ronald G. Menton; Nancy A. Niemuth; BATTELLE MEDICAL RESEARCH AND EVALUATION FACILITY WEST JEFFERSON OH
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| Pentavalent (ABCDE) botulinum toxoid vaccine is intended for use as a prophylactic measure to protect combat troops against the lethal effects of botulinum toxins A-E, a group of toxins considered to be a serious biological warfare threat. To adequately assess the level of protection afforded by this vaccine, efficacy against an inhalation challenge must be established for all five toxin serotypes. Due to the inherent dangers of these toxins and ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
DEC 97 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| In reviewing the Final Report for MREF Task 92-30, 'Determination of the Minimum Effective Pyridostigmine Pretreatment Dose in Monkeys Challenged with 5 x LD50 Soman and Treated with Atropine/2-PAM', errors and omissions were noted. This amended report is to correct those oversights. A copy of corrected pages is attached to this amended report. |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Task 92-29: Efficacy Assessment of Topical Skin Protectants against Sulfur Mustard Vapors in Hairless Guinea Pigs |
SEP 97 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; T. H. Snider; H. W. Nitz; J. B. Johnson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| The objective of this work was to determine the dose-response relationship between the duration of a topical exposure of sulfur mustard vapors to hairless guinea pigs (HGPs) and the incidence of microblisters observed histologically. The dose-response curve was compared to results of similar work performed at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD). The effects of ketamine hydrochloride anesthesia on HGP skin reflectance were also examined. The ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Evaluation of the Utility of Human Skin Equivalents for Studying HD-Induced Dermatotoxicity and Evaluating Antivesicant Treatment Regimens |
JUL 97 |
215 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Thomas H. Snider; David W. Hobson; Christopher A. Logel; John B. Johnson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Two human skin culture models, also known as human skin equivalents (HSEs), and dermatomed (split thickness) natural human skin (NHS) were assessed for use in studies investigating the dermatotoxic effects of sulfur mustard BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) SULFIDE; HD. The HSEs examined were model ZK1300 from Advanced Tissue Sciences (ATS, La Jolla, CA) and Epiderm from MatTek Corporation (Ashland, MA). NHS specimens were obtained either fresh from the Ohio State University branch of ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility Defense and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Task 95-38: Evaluation of the Vesicating Properties of Neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Set (CAIS) components |
JUN 97 |
246 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; T. L. Hayes; A. W. Singer; R. G. Menton; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| The U.S. Army Project Manager for Non-stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) has a requirement to develop and field a transportable Rapid Response System (RRS) to chemically treat Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS) containing vesicant chemical warfare agents (i.e., HE), HN, and L). The proposed operation consists of removing ampules from CAIS and crushing them in a decontamination solution under engineering controls. After chemical neutralization of the agents, the wastestreams are to ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program: Task 95-39: Methods Development and Validation of Two Mouse Bioassays for Use in Quantifying Botulinum Toxins (A, B, C, D and E) and Toxin Antib |
JUN 97 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Thomas R. Gelzleichter; Melissa A. Myers; Ronald G. Menton; Nancy A. Neimuth; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Ths task was conducted for the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA) to validate two mouse bioassays for quantify botulinum toxin potency and neutralizing antibodies to botulimun toxins. Phase I experiments were designed to validate the mouse potency assay. The coefficients of variation for day-to-day variability were 10, 7, 10, 9 and 13 percent for serotypes A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Phase II experiments were -brined to ... |
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| Evaluation of the Vesicating Properties of Neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Set (CAIS) Components |
JUN 1997 |
244 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Timothy L. Hayes; Allen W. Singer; Ronald G. Menton; Robyn C. Kiser; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Vesication and skin irritation studies were conducted in hairless guinea pigs to ascertain the vesicant and skin irritation potential of chemically-neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS). CAIS are training items that contain agent (HD, HN, or L) and were declared obsolete in 1971. Animals were dosed with 'test article' EITHER NEAT HD, 10% agent/ chloroform solutions or product solutions (wastestreams) and evaluated for skin- damaging effects (gross and light microscopic). ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. A Comparison of the Biochemical Changes Produced by Vesicating and Non-Vesicating Alkylating Agents in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes |
FEB 97 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; John B. Johnson; James A. Blank; Ronald G. Menton; Frances M. Reid; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Task 91-23 was conducted for the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) to compare alterations in selected biochemical endpoints using human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) exposed in vitro to either non-vesicating (e.g., cisplatin) or vesicating (e.g., sulfur mustard; MD) alkylating agents. These data may provide insight into the biochemical mechanism(s) uniquely associated with tissue vesication. Preliminary in vivo experiments used three vesicating and three non-vesicating alkylating agents to ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Time and Dose Response Characterization of the Prevention of HD-Induced NAD+ Depletion and HD-Induced Cytotoxicity by Niacinamide and Niacin |
JAN 97 |
217 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; John B. Johnson; James A. Blank; Ronald G. Menton; Rebekah A. Starner; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Studies were conducted under this task to Assess the time and concentration dependent nature of niacinamide (NM) protection against HD-induced NAD+ depletion and cytotoxicity. The HD concentrations used assess the time dependent nature of cytotoxicity and NAD+ depletion, and the impact of NM and niacin (NI) treatment were 13,62, 101, and 171 mu-M HD. Three concentrations of NM and NI were (0.01,0.1 and 1 mM) selected by USAMRICD for evaluation ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Screening of Candidate Pretreatment and Therapeutic Compounds in In Vivo Models |
OCT 96 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Robyn C. Kiser; Ronald G. Menton; John B. Johnson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Therapeutic compounds under consideration to protect soldiers exposed to Soman (GD), Tabun (GA), and sodium cyanide (NaCN) were evaluated in in vivo mouse models. Compounds were provided by the Basic Assessment Branch, Drug Assessment Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (MRICD), through the Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Candidate compounds were evaluated for solubility, range- finding and definitive LD5O, and efficacy in ... |
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| Characterization of the Anticyanide Effect of Methemoglobinemia Induced by Candidate Pretreatment Drugs in an Anesthetized Animal Model |
SEP 96 |
276 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Frances M. Reid; Ronald G. Menton; Kandy K. Audet; Timothy L. Hayes; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Task 92-28 was conducted to determine the protective efficacy provided by low methemoglobin (MHb) levels against a continuous sodium cyanide (NaCN) infusion, and to compare and quantitate the efficacy of long-acting and short-acting MHb-forming compounds in anesthetized canines. The time to respiratory arrest (TRA) was measured, after which the animals were revived with 10 mg/kg of hydroxylamine iv. The average estimated protective percent MHb was 5.4 percent with a 95 ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program: Shelf Life of Various Concentrations of Exempt Chemical Surety Materiel in Diluents Under Selected Storage Conditions |
JAN 96 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Determination of the Minimum Effective Pyridostigmine Pretreatment Dose in Monkeys Challenged with 5 X LD50 Soman and Treated with Atropine/2-Pa |
AUG 95 |
180 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Ronald G. Menton; Robyn C. Kiser; Timothy L. Hayes; M. C. Matthews; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| This task was conducted to determine the minimum dose of pyridostigmine (PYR), and the associated level of erythrocyte acetycholinesterase inhibition (AChE-I), that provides protection from 5 X 48-br GD LD50 of untreated monkeys. Monkeys were injected im with GD and treated with 0.4 mg atropine (ATR) free base and 25.7 mg pralidoxime (2-PAM) per kg BW. |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program: "Development of Procedures to Enhance Atropine Antisera Production in Rabbits |
JUL 94 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Larry Miller; Balwant Bhullar; Herman Benecke; BATTELLE COLUMBUS DIV OH
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| The purpose of this study was to improve the production of rabbit anti-atropine antisera for future analytical studies. There were two phases to this project: evaluation of methods to enhance atropine antisera titers, and antisera production and characterization. Anti-atropine antisera were prepared using a high-density conjugate. The radioimmunoassay performance characteristics were similar for both the Battelle and Walter Reed Army Institute of Research antisera. However, a lower detection limit and ... |
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| Task 87-35: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antidote Drug Combinations against Soman or Tabun Toxicity in the Rabbit |
DEC 89 |
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| Authors:
Ronald L. Joiner; Garrett S. Dill; David W. Hobson; Carl T. Olson; Paul I. Feder; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| This task was to compare the ability of three potential treatment oximes (HI-6, ICD 467, and MMB-4) given in conjunction with atropine sulfate (ATR) to decrease mortality and morbidity in rabbits challenged with either Tabun (GA), or Soman (GD) as compared to the efficacy of the standard therapy of ATR (at a dose of 2 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg) and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM). The comparison was conducted both with and ... |
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| Multiple Animal Studies for Medical Chemical Defense Program in Soldier/ Patient Decontamination and Drug Development on Task Order 85-13: Advanced Screening System for Evaluating Barrier Compounds for Protection from Organophosphate Chemical Surety Mater |
SEP 88 |
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| Authors:
Ronald L. Joiner; Garrett S. Dill; Carl T. Olson; Robyn C. Kiser; Paul I. Feder; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| This task was initiated at the Medical Research and Evaluation Facility to develop a protocol for advanced screening of candidate barrier compounds for protection from nerve agents using a quantifiable nonlethal end point as a measure of effectiveness. Soman (GD), thickened GD (TGD), and VX were used to generate a family of curves for erythrocyte (RBC) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition as a function these data, a single dose was selected for ... |
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| Femoral Venipuncture for Collection of Multiple Blood Samples in the Nonanesthetized Rat |
AUG 86 |
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| Authors:
Michael L. Horton; Carl T. Olson; David W. Hobson; HARRY G ARMSTRONG AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT- PATTERSON AFB OH
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| A technique for blood collection via the femoral vein was developed for use in nonanesthetized rats. The technique was useful for single or serial blood collection. Volumes of 0.1 to 1 ml were collected for serum biochemical or venous blood gas determinations. The technique was effective, reproducible, did not require anesthesia, and was less stressful than other methods of blood collection in the rat. ANNOTATION: Reprint: Femoral Venipuncture for Collection ... |
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| Urinary Metabolites of Hydrazine in Male Fischer 344 Rats Following Inhalation or Intravenous Exposure |
JUN 86 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Beth M. Llewellyn; William C. Keller; Carl T. Olson; HARRY G ARMSTRONG AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT- PATTERSON AFB OH
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| The feasibility of developing an analytical method with urine to determine the extent of a worker's exposure to hydrazine was studied. Urinary levels of hydrazine and two metabolites, monoacetylhydrazine and diacetylhydrazine, were identified and quantified from hydrazine-exposed male rats. The levels of hydrazine recovered from intravenous or inhalation exposures were compared. For all exposures, the majority of hydrazine was excreted during the first 24 hours and in acetylated forms. Urinary ... |
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| The Metabolism of Tetralin in Fischer 344 Rats |
APR 86 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Beth M. Llewellyn; Carl T. Olson; Kyung O. Yu; M. P. Serve; Richard H. Bruner; HARRY G ARMSTRONG AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT- PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Certain hydrocarbons have been shown to cause nephrotoxicity in male rats. Because of tetralin's unique structural and electrical character, tetralin metabolism in male and female Fischer 344 rats and its effects on renal damage were evaluated. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were intragastrically dosed every other day with tetralin over a 14 day period. Additionally Fischer rats were pretreated intraperitoneally with either corn oil, sodium phenobarbital, 3- methylcholanthrene or ... |
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| The Toxicology of Perfluorodecanoic Acid in Rodents, |
AUG 1983 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Melvin E. Andersen; Marilyn E. George; Marc J. Van Rafelghem; Andrea M. Back; AIR FORCE AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Perfluoro-n-decanoic acid or nonadecafluoro-n-decanoic acid (NDFDA) is a straight chain, perfluorinated, ten-carbon acid. Experiments were conducted to determine the LD50 and to evaluate survival times of rats after single intraperitoneal (IP) injections of NDFDA or of Fluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the shorter-chain analog, dissolved in propylene glycol/water (1:1, v:v). Ten male Fischer 344 rats were used in each dose group and an additional 10 rats were used in each dose group ... |
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| Evaluation of the Embryotoxicity of Hydrazine in Rats |
AUG 1982 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
William C. Keller; Carl T. Olson; Kenneth C. Back; Charles L. Gaworski; AIR FORCE AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Hydrazine (Hz) was evaluated for embryotoxic and teratogenic potential in rats. The Pregnant Fischer 344 (F-344) rats were treated with 0, 2. 5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg Hz/kg ip on gestation days 6-15. Dose-related embryolethality and maternal toxicity were observed at the two higher doses. Pregnant F-344 rats were treated with 10.0 mg Hz/kg ip on gestation days 7-9, 10-12, or 13-15. The prenatal period most susceptible to Hz toxicity ... |
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