To satisfy future Air Force mission requirements, the Air Force Research Laboratory(AFRL), sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), led a development program for a proof-of-concept cryocooler designed to support a cooling load of 45mW at 10.4K. Under the technology development program, Astrium (formerly Matra Marconi Space) in Stevenage, United Kingdom, developed a Stirling cycle cryocooler with four Oxford flexure compressors and a two-stage expansion cold end. The cooler ...