| Process Optimization Assessment: Fort Leonard Wood, MO and Fort Carson, CO |
NOV 2003 |
202 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; John L. Vavrin; Walter Smith; Clay Conner; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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 | This work performed a Process Optimization Assessment (POA) on behalf of Fort Leonard Wood, MO and Fort Carson, CO to identify process, energy, and environmental improvements that could significantly improve the installation's mission readiness and competitive position. A Level I assessment assumes that technical solutions are possible and that economics are approximations. No engineering measurements are made. The existing process is challenged, and new practices and new technologies are considered. ... |
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| Systems-Level Energy Audit for Main Complex, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory |
AUG 2003 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Dale Herron; David M. Schwenk; Chang W. Sohn; Eileen Westervelt; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| As a result of the CERL sustainability workshop, a Phase I energy audit was conducted for CERL main complex (Buildings 1, 2, and 3) was conducted. The goals of the audit were to review energy and water use in the current main complex building, to review and inventory energy system equipment, and to devise short- and long-term energy improvement and water conservation strategies. Baseline references on utilities consumptions and costs ... |
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| Compressed Air System Survey at Army Industrial Facilities |
JAN 2003 |
230 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Robert T. Lorand; Doug Presny; John F. Westerman; Stephen W. Aylor; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| Compressed air (CA) is an indispensable commodity used in manufacturing and maintenance facilities. As in the private sector, Department of Defense (DOD) facilities make widespread use of air compressors. Although CA is a convenient power source, CA systems are not cheap to operate. An analysis of the cost breakdown of a CA system shows that as little as 10 percent of the input power supplied to the compressor is delivered ... |
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| Demonstration of Natural Gas Engine Driven Air Compressor at Army Industrial Facilities |
JAN 2003 |
146 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Stephen J. Aylor; Robert T. Lorand; John C. Skelton; Hank Van Ormer; Paul A. Wenner; George Powers; Donald Carlson; WIlliam R. King; John F. Westerman; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| The use of air compressors by the DOD is widespread, and the variety of tools and machinery that operate on compressed air is increasing. This study involved the provision of turnkey services for the design, installation, and evaluation of a natural gas engine driven air compressor, as well as the identification of other opportunities for reducing compressed air energy operating costs. |
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| Applications Guide for Compressed Air Systems |
SEP 2001 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Yezin E. Taha; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| Compressed air (CA) is used as a source of power for tools, industrial processes, and equipment. It is often considered as a fourth utility, after electricity, gas, and water. In most plants/shops, CA is centrally generated and distributed to all users through a pipe network. Although CA systems are a very convenient power source, they are not cheap to operate. However, nearly all industrial plants can realize from 25 to ... |
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| Compressed Air System Survey at Sierra Army Depot, CA |
NOV 2000 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Ahmad R. Ganji; Shy-Sheng Liou; Bryan Hackett; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Compressed air (CA) is one of the major utilities at Sierra Army Depot (SIAD). Air compression consumes about 3.4 percent of electrical energy at SIAD, amounting to about 3.2 percent of the total energy costs. A detailed survey of the compressed air system at SIAD revealed that implementing certain measures could yield significant savings and operational improvements. Table ES- I summarizes the quantifiable energy efficiency measures related ... |
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| Compressed Air System Survey at Sierra Army Depot, CA |
NOV 2000 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Ahmad R. Ganji; Shy-Sheng Liou; Bryan Hackett; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| Compressed air (CA) is an indispensable commodity used in manufacturing and maintenance facilities. In most plants/shops, CA is centrally generated and distributed to users through a pipe network. Although a very convenient power source, CA systems are not cheap to operate. The annual cost of electricity needed to run an air compressor is near or more than the initial cost of the compressor. This study conducted complete CA system audits ... |
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| Improved Technologies for the Process Energy and Pollution Reduction (PEPR) Analysis Tool |
JUN 2000 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; WIlliam R. King; RObert T. Loran; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| As part of its strategy to meet the Department of Defense (DOD) energy efficiency goals, and to reduce emissions from industrial facilities, a Process Energy and Pollution Reduction (PEPR) software tool has been developed. The PEPR tool helps DOD facility personnel identify and quantify energy conservation and pollution prevention opportunities for the following industrial processes: load and pack (LAP) lines, explosives production, spray painting, electroplating, ... |
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| Process Energy and Pollution Reduction (PEPR) Level I Review at the Watervliet Arsenal, New York |
NOV 1999 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Walter P. Smith; Philip Darcy; Steve Dunstan; Darcy Byrne-Kelly; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| The U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) held a Process Optimization (PO) workshop and performed a Level I Process Energy and Pollution Reduction (PEPR) Audit 1-5 February 1999 at the Watervliet Arsenal, NY. The primary objective of the audit was to financially and technically review the Arsenal's manufacturing steps and to identify process changes that will significantly incease performance and efficiencies. A corollary objective ... |
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| Process Optimization Guide for Military Manufacturing and Maintenance Facilities |
MAR 1999 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Walter P. Smith; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Industrial facilities operated by the Department of Defense (DOD) consume significant amounts of energy and emit large quantities of pollutants. Recent Executive Orders issued by the President set goals for increased energy efficiency and reduced emissions for these industrial facilities. Cost-effective compliance with these directives and more stringent environmental regulations in the existing DOD industrial bases will require a thorough evaluation of the industrial activities and their potential for improvements. ... |
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| Development of the Process Energy and Pollution Reduction (PEPR) analysis Tool |
AUG 96 |
182 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Malcolm Fraser; Robert Lorand; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Department of Defense (DOD) industrial facilities consume large amounts of energy and emit significant quantities of air pollutants. Recent Executive Orders issued by the President set goals for increased energy efficiency and reduced emissions that must be met by these industrial facilities. To help address these needs, the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) has initiated programs to: (1) develop a Process Energy and Pollution Reduction (PEPR) screening tool ... |
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| Review of Department of Defense Industrial Processes and Process Energy |
AUG 96 |
144 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Malcolm Fraser; Robert Lorand; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Defense Energy Program Memorandum (DEPPM) 91-2 and Executive Order 12759 assign energy efficiency goals for Federal facilities for Fiscal Year 2000 (FYOO) as compared to base year FY85. Each Depanment of Defense (DOD) component is directed to prescribe policies and establish appropriate measures to improve energy efficiency of the aggregate of its industrial energy-consuming facilities by at least 20 percent in FYOO in comparison to FY85. In most instances, these ... |
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| Energy Conservation and Air Toxic Compliance Plan for Department of Defense Industrial Facilities |
JAN 96 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Jeri I. Northrup; Martin J. Savoie; Robert Lorand; Walter Smith Jr; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Defense Energy Program Policy Memorandum 91-2, Executive Orders 12759 and 12902, and the Clean Air Act Amendments all impact Department of Defense (DOD) facility operations. Because most of the technologies used by DOD industrial activities are over 40 years old, such energy and environmental directives often exceed facilities' performance capabilities. Cost-effective compliance with these directives requires a thorough evaluation of the activities and their potential for improvements. This study is ... |
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| Enhancement of the Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program (CHPECON) |
JAN 96 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; John Kinast; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Fiscal year 1986 Defense Appropriations Act (PL-99-190) Section 8110 directs the Department of Defense (DOD) to implement the rehabilitation and conversion of central heating plants to coal firing, where a cost benefit can be realized. To help Army installations comply with this law, the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) has developed the Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program (CHPECON), a PC-based software program that includes a series of ... |
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| Screening and Life-Cycle Cost Models for New Pulverized-Coal Heating Plants: An Integrated Computer-Based Module for the Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program (CHPECON) |
JUL 95 |
163 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Sheng; John A. Kinast; Richard Biederman; Christopher F. Blazek; Mike C. Lin; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Public Law 99-190 requires the Department of Defense (DOD) to increase the use of coal for steam generation, but DOD also has an obligation to use the most economical fuel. In support of the coal conversion effort, the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) has been tasked to develop a series of screening and life-cycle cost models to determine when and where specific coal-combustion technologies can economically be implemented ... |
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| Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program. Volume 2. User's Manual |
JAN 95 |
178 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Ralph Moshage; Gary Schanche; Christopher Blazek; Richard Biederman; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENERGY AND UTILITI ES SYSTEMS DIV
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| Public Law has directed the Department of Defense (DOD) to rehabilitate and convert its existing domestic power plants to burn more coal. Other Federal legislation requires DOD to use the most economic fuel for any new heating system. This five-volume report discusses the Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program (CHPECON), a computer program for screening potential new and retrofit steam/power generation facilities. Volume 1 is the Technical Reference. Volume 2 ... |
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| Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program. Volume 5. Emission Regulations Data Management Program |
JAN 95 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Ralph Moshage; Gary Schanche; Christopher Blazek; Richard Biederman; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Public Law has directed the Department of Defense (DOD) to rehabilitate and convert its existing domestic power plants to burn more coal. Other Federal legislation requires DOD to use the most economic fuel for any new heating system. This five-volume report discusses the Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program (CHPECON), a computer program for screening potential new and retrofit steam/power generation facilities. Volume 1 is the Technical Reference. Volume 2 ... |
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| Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program. Volume 4. Coalfield Properties Information Data Management Program |
JAN 95 |
270 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Ralph Moshage; Gary Schanche; Christopher Blazek; Richard Biederman; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Public Law has directed the Department of Defense (DoD) to rehabilitate and convert its existing domestic power plants to burn more coal. Other Federal legislation requires DoD to use the most economic fuel for any new heating system. This five-volume report discusses the Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program (CHPECON), a computer program for screening potential new and retrofit steam/power generation facilities. Volume 1 is the Technical Reference. Volume 2 ... |
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| Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program. Volume 1. Technical Reference |
JAN 95 |
235 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Ralph Moshage; Gary Schanche; Christopher Blazek; Richard Blederman; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Public Law has directed the Department of Defense (DOD) to rehabilitate and convert its existing domestic power plants to burn more coal. Other Federal legislation requires DOD to use the most economic fuel for any new heating system. This five-volume report discusses the Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program (CHPECON), a computer program for screening potential new and retrofit steam/power generation facilities. Volume 1 is the Technical Reference. Volume 2 ... |
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| Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program. Volume 3. Military Base Weather Information Data Management Program |
JAN 95 |
166 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Ralph Moshage; Gary Schanche; Christopher Blazek; Richard Biederman; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENERGY AND UTILITI ES SYSTEMS DIV
|
| Public Law has directed the Department of Defense (DOD) to rehabilitate and convert its existing domestic power plants to burn more coal. Other Federal legislation requires DOD to use the most economic fuel for any new heating system. This five-volume report discusses the Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program (CHPECON), a computer program for screening potential new and retrofit steam/power generation facilities. Volume 1 is the Technical Reference. Volume 2 ... |
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| Selection Guidelines for Central Heat Plant Controls |
NOV 94 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Steven R. Warner; Mike C. Lin; Gary W. Schandche; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| The operation and control of Central Heating Plants (CHPs) are important factors in maintaining the readiness of U.S. Army installations. Aging CHPs often experience increased interruptions, maintenance difficulties, and inefficient operation. As fuel costs increase, there is a growing need to take advantage of new, emerging control technologies. Microprocessor-based controls can provide opportunities for increased reliability, enhanced safety, better performance monitoring, and cost reduction. However, upgraded control systems cannot compensate ... |
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| Energy Supply Alternatives for the Year 2002 at the U.S. Military Academy (USMA) |
OCT 94 |
112 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Mike Binder; Richard G. Andersen; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENERGY AND UTILITI ES SYSTEMS DIV
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| The U.S. Military Academy (USMA) is concerned about how to meet present and future energy demands as the existing generating equipment and distribution facilities age. To help the installation develop an energy supply plan, the USMA asked the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories to determine options for future energy supply, taking into consideration both the projected increases in energy demands and the Army's energy conservation goals. Researchers considered 68 ... |
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| Enhancement of Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation Program for Retrofit to Coal |
SEP 94 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
John J. Kinast; Richard Biederman; Christopher F. Blazek; Mike C. Lin; Ralph E. Moshagge; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENERGY AND UTILITI ES SYSTEMS DIV
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| Public Law 99-190 requires the Department of Defense (DOD) to increase the use of coal for steam generation. However, DOD also has an obligation to use the most economical fuel. Supporting the coal conversion effort, the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) has developed a computer program for engineering personnel at Major Army Commands, installations, the Defense Logistics Agency, and other DOD facilities to analyze the technical and economic ... |
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| Adaptive Boiler Controls: Market Survey and Appraisal of a Prototype System |
JUN 94 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Steven R. Warner; Mike C. Lin; Yaoxin Qian; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Many of the Army's boilers have original, outmoded controls and problems associated with code compliance, efficiency, reliability, and availability of spare parts. With uncertain future base requirements, aging equipment, and constrained budgets, a strategic direction is evolving to selectively refurbish boilers that, meet minimum mechanical standards. The refurbishing of boilers will include installation of contemporary control systems. Because of the rapid advance in computer and electronic technologies accompanied by substantial ... |
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| Development and Field Test of the Central Energy Plant Adaptive Control System (CEPACS) |
JUN 94 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Yaoxin Qian; Dow Drake; Norman Miller; Joseph Bentsman; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Spare parts for the outdated control systems at many Army central energy plants (CEPS) are difficult to acquire. This fact, combined with recent price reductions in modern control hardware and software, has made it practical to replace these old systems with controls that incorporate modern electronics and advanced boiler-control technologies to improve safety, reliability, and efficiency. This report documents the development of a prototype Central Energy Plant Adaptive Control System ... |
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| An Economic Analysis of Converting Large Gas- and Oil-Fired Heating Plants to Coal |
APR 94 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENERGY AND UTILITI ES SYSTEMS DIV
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| Public Law 99-190 requires the Department of Defense to increase the use of coal at its facilities in the United States. This study investigated the cost effectiveness of burning coal (versus gas or oil) in 88 large heating plants located at 55 Army installations in the continental United States. Non- coal-fired plants with capacities greater than 50 MBtu/hr were selected, and the USACERL-developed Central Heating Plant Economic Evaluation (CHPECON) program ... |
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| Coal Conversion at Picatinny Arsenal and Forts Campbell, Bragg, and Gordon: A Feasibility Study |
DEC 93 |
272 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; Lee Thurber; Thomas Durbin; Ronald Tarvin; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Public Law 99-190 requires the Department of Defense to increase the use of coal at its facilities in the United States. This study investigated the feasibility of converting oil- and gas-fired heating plants to coal firing at four Army installations: Fort Bragg, NC; Fort Campbell, KY; Fort Gordon, GA; and Picatinny Arsenal, NJ. Information on the energy systems at the selected sites was gathered by site visit and survey, and ... |
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| Steam Dispatching Control System Demonstration at Fort Benjamin Harrison |
JUL 93 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher L. Diks; Ralph E. Moshage; Mike C. Lin; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Currently most Army Central steam heating systems operate by maintaining a constant steam pressure regardless of actual steam demand. This method offers some operational convenience, but is often the cause of significant energy losses. Researchers at the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) have investigated the Steam Dispatching Control System (SDCS), a control system that lowers supply steam pressure-and therefore steam temperature-to slightly above the amount needed to meet ... |
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| Steam Dispatching Control System Demonstration at Fort Benjamin Harrison |
JUL 93 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher L. Dilks; Ralph E. Moshage; Mike C. Lin; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Currently most Army Central steam heating systems operate by maintaining a constant steam pressure regardless of actual steam demand. This method offers some operational convenience, but is often the cause of significant energy losses. Researchers at the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) have investigated the Steam Dispatching Control System (SDCS), a control system that lowers supply steam pressure-and therefore steam temperature-to slightly above the amount needed to meet ... |
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| A Steam Load Forecasting Technique for Central Heating Plants |
JUN 92 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Mike C. Lin; James V. Carnahan; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
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| Because boilers generally are most efficient at full loads, the Army could achieve significant savings by running fewer boilers at high loads rather than more boilers at low loads. A reliable load prediction technique could help ensure that only those boilers required to meet demand are on line. This report presents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of forecasting heat plant steam loads from historical patterns and weather ... |
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Reports by Author
