Remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs), which is defined as the ratio of water-leaving radiance (Lw) to downwelling irradiance just above the surface (EdftObP), varies with both water constituents (including bottom properties of optically-shallow waters) and angular geometry. L*. is commonly measured in the field or by satellite sensors at convenient angles, while EdOOpP can be measured in the field or estimated based on atmospheric properties. To isolate the variations of Rrs (or ...
Using hyperspectral measurements made in the field, we show that the effective sea-surface reflectance (defined as the ratio of the surface-reflected radiance at the specular direction corresponding to the downwelling sky radiance from one direction) varies not only for different measurement scans, but also can differ by a factor of 8 between 400 nm and 800 nm for the same scan. This means that the derived water-leaving radiance (or remote-sensing ...
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