| Receptor-Conjugated Nanoparticles to Detect Biological Warfare Agents |
DEC 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Ashok Kumar; Sulatha Dwarakanath; John G. Bruno; L. D. Stephenson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
 | Recent research has examined the feasibility of detecting biological warfare agents by conjugating their antibodies (receptors) with taggant nanoparticles (also known as "quantum dots"), which subsequently fluoresce upon excitation, when they are bound to a specific biowarfare agent, or its simulant. Furthermore, when they react with their target bacteria, optically excited nanoparticle-receptor conjugates generate spectra in which the intensities of primary emission peaks are diminished, while the secondary emission peaks ... |
|
| Field Evaluation of Self-Lubricated Mechanical Components for Civil Works Navigation Structures |
JUN 2004 |
173 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy D. Race; Ashok Kumar; L. D. Stephenson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| It is operationally and environmentally desirable to replace greased bronze bushings used in navigation lock machinery with self- lubricating bushings. Bronze bushings must be greased manually or with automatic lubricating machines. Grease lines are subject to damage from ice and debris. If the grease line breaks, the lubricating system fails, which may lead to component failure and delays in navigation. Introduction of grease into the riverine environment is also a ... |
|
| Electrophotographic Solid Freeform Fabrication |
30 DEC 2003 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Ashok Kumar; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
| A method for solid freeform fabrication based on electrophotographic powder deposition was investigated to study its potentials and to identity design and implementation challenges. In this technique powder is printed layer- by-layer in the shape of the cross-sections of the part using electrophotography, which is a very widely used non-impact printing method. The electrophotography process involves picking and depositing powder using an electrostatically charged photoconducting surface. Each layer of powder ... |
|
| Technology Assessment of Liquid Encapsulants for Lead-Based Paint Abatement |
DEC 2003 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy D. Race; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| An evaluation of lead-based paint maintenance options was conducted based on realistic life-cycle cost assessments of the relative durabilities of encapsulants and conventional paint when employed using the same approaches. A record of field experiences of several military installations with cost and performance of encapsulants versus maintenance painting with standard specification paints was developed. It was found that, irrespective of initial paint condition, it is generally more cost-effective to control ... |
|
| Technology Demonstration of Wet Abrasive Blasting for Removal of Lead- and Asbestos-Containing Paint |
DEC 2003 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Race; Ashok Kumar; L. D. Stephenson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| A group of 194Os-era concrete block buildings at Fort Carson, CO, must be demolished, but they are coated' with lead-based paint containing asbestos filler that must both be disposed of as hazardous waste. In order to decrease waste disposal costs, an improved method was needed to remove both coatings while rendering the lead-containing debris non-leachable). This technology demonstration showed that wet blasting using an engineered abrasive can safely and effectively ... |
|
| Technology Demonstration of Membrane Chemical Strippers for Removal of Lead-Based Paint on Plaster |
DEC 2003 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Race; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Membrane chemical strippers for removal of lead based paint were researched. The technology demonstration of the membrane chemical stripper for removal of lead based paint on plaster and assessment was conducted at an abandoned house that is now classified as a historic building at Fort Riley, Kansas in October 2002. Membrane chemical stripping was found to be generally effective at removing paint and reducing or eliminating the lead hazard. However, ... |
|
| Decision Tree for Lead-Based Paint Management on Building |
DEC 2003 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy D. Race; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| A lead hazard control decision tree was developed for buildings. The tree yields multiple outputs or decisions on 29 branches using only eight queries. This decision tree addresses both lead hazard control for child occupied buildings including family housing, childcare facilities, and schools and non-child occupied buildings such as offices, equipment, utility, storage, shop, and other non-child occupied buildings. The decision tree employs eight queries to determine a solution for ... |
|
| Technology Demonstration of a Microwave-Assisted Lead-Based Paint Removal Process |
DEC 2003 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Anil Tellakula; L. D. Stephenson; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The microwave-assisted paint removal process is a viable alternative to the currently used technologies for lead-based paint (LBP) removal, such as abrasive blasting and chemical stripping. Two design approaches for the microwave paint removal systems were evaluated for removal of LBP. Graphite- based susceptor materials, applied over the painted surface, were used successfully in absorbing the microwave energy and heating the paint. The heat softened the paint, which was easily ... |
|
| Technology Demonstration of Self-Healing Coatings for In-Place Management of Lead-Based Paint Hazards |
DEC 2003 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
L. D. Stephenson; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Microcapsules on the order of 50-150 microns in size have been developed that can contain and release a small quantity of self-repairing compound in liquid form when they are broken. These microcapsules are mixed in commercially available latex paints and used to overcoat lead-based paint. Should the overcoating become damaged, the microcapsules break open and release liquid coating repair and lead dust suppression compounds. In effect, the coating becomes self-healing ... |
|
| Condition Monitoring Technology for Civil Works Lock Operating Machinery |
AUG 2003 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Schimpf; L. D. Stephenson; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| This pilot project successfully demonstrated condition monitoring and predictive maintenance at Port Allen Lock by installation of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and field sensors for lock operating machinery and structural components at one of the lock's gate leafs. The need to continue such research as a more complete condition monitoring program at Port Allen Lock, and then as a part of an overall computerized control system has also been demonstrated. ... |
|
| Overcoating of Lead-Based Paint on Steel Structures |
MAR 2003 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy D. Race; Ashok Kumar; Robert A. Weber; L. D. Stephenson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Hazardous lead-based paint (LBP) has been used extensively on all types of Department of Defense steel structures and steel components. The removal of LBP is generally performed by abrasive blasting or by water jetting. Containment and disposal of surface preparation debris, worker protection, and other regulatory compliance costs combine to make removal of LBP very expensive. The Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) project reported here demonstrated the overcoating process, ... |
|
| Decision Tree for Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control and Abatement for Steel Structures |
JAN 2003 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy D. Race; L. D. Stephenson; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Many options are available for the naanagement and removal of lead- based paint (LBP) on steel structures. The waste generated by any of these paint removal strategies is often hazardous due to the toxicity and leaching characteristics of lead. A means of selecting the best available strategy for a given structure is necessary in order to balance cost, worker health, and government environmental objectives. The objective of this research was ... |
|
| Technology Demonstration of Thermal Spray Vitrification Process at Fort Drum, NY. Cost and Performance Report |
JAN 2003 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Ashok Kumar; Ray Zatorski; Robert Weber; L. D. Stephenson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The thermal spray vitrification (TSV) process was developed and patented by ERDC/CERL to remove lead-based paint from steel structures. TSV consists of spraying a molten glass from a thermal spray torch onto a painted steel surface. When the glass strikes the paint, it pyrolyzes the organic components, and lead is trapped within the glass, which cracks and spalls off the substrate. Remelting the vitrified paint residue immobilizes the lead in ... |
|
| Hazardous Asbestos and Lead Optimal Management System (HALO). Implementation Guide and User's Manual |
MAY 2002 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Aaron J. Averbuch; James J. Long; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Before the dangers of lead and asbestos in the environment were known, lead-based paints and asbestos insulation were commonly u |
|
| Materials Selection Guide for Army Installations Exposed to Severely Corrosive Environments |
MAR 2002 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
J. R. Myers; Ashok Kumar; L. D. Stephenson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Corrosion is the most pervasive maintenance and repair problem faced today by Army facilities managers and engineers. To successfully manage corrosion in Army structures, including electrical/mechanical systems, utility distribution networks, etc., due consideration must first be given to site- specific environmental corrosivity factors. When local corrosivity conditions are properly understood, Army engineers, builders, and managers can make more informed decisions about selecting construction materials. This report presents guidelines for properly ... |
|
| Evaluation of Galvanized and Galvalume/Paint Duplex Coating Systems for Steel Building Panels |
FEB 2002 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Race; L. D. Stephenson; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Standing seam metal roofing systems are becoming increasingly popular because of lower life-cycle cost and esthetic appeal. The coating systems most commonly used in metal roofs and metal buildings are galvanized or Galvalumed steel, factory-coated with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF) or silicone modified polyester (SMP). Specimens having these coating systems were subjected to ASTM B 117, conventional salt spray exposure testing and ASTM D 5894 Testing in the laboratory, which combines ... |
|
| Critical Evaluation of Lock Automation and Control Equipment at Corps- Operated Navigation Locks |
JUL 2001 |
295 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick Wilson; L. D. Stephenson; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| A survey of lock automation was conducted at 15 lock sites that use programmable logic controllers (PLC) by visiting the lock sites and interviewing lockmasters, operators, maintenance personnel, and District Engineers in order to evaluate system components. The lock operating components evaluated were divided into the following categories: PLC systems, Operator Interface (01), sensors and switches, and closed circuit television (CCTV) systems. Where possible, these components were evaluated according to ... |
|
| Demonstration of Onsite Wireless Control of Lock Operating Machinery |
MAY 2001 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
L. D. Stephenson; Patrick Wilson; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The operational capabilities of navigation locks, especially those using programmable logic controllers (PLCs), can be further enhanced by the implementation of onsite wireless control of lock operating machinery and systems using either a portable transmitter/receiver system or moderns interfaced to a mobile control panel. In essence, the entire lock can be operated via onsite wireless control. Onsite wireless control provides the opportunity for lock personnel to operate the locks outside ... |
|
| Critical Evaluation of Lock Automation and Control Equipment at Corps- Operated Navigation Locks |
SEP 2000 |
293 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick Wilson; L. D. Stephenson; Ashok Kumar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| A survey of lock automation was conducted at 15 lock sites that use programmable logic controllers (PLC) by visiting the lock sites and interviewing lockmasters, operators, maintenance personnel, and District Engineers in order to evaluate system components. The lock operating components evaluated were divided into the following categories: PLC systems, Operator Interface (01), sensors and switches, and closed circuit television (CCTV) systems. Where possible, these ... |
|
| Demonstration and Validation of Thermal Spray Vitrification of Lead- Containing Paint on Steel Structures |
JUL 1999 |
86 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Weber; Jeffrey Boy; Roy Zatorski; Ashok Kumar; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| In the past, red lead primer was used to control corrosion on many common steel structures maintained by the Department of Defense (DoD). Thermal spray vitrification (TSV) technology has been demonstrated as a way to remove lead-based paint coatings from steel substrates that are not suitable for overcoating. In the TSV process, lead-based paints are thermally sprayed with a specially-formulated powdered glass feedstock that absorbs and encapsulates lead. When the ... |
|
| Lead-Based Paint Hazard-Mitigation Technologies: Final Report |
APR 1999 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
David Booth; Richard Hollinger; L. D. Stephenson; Ashok Kumar; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Lead-based paints (LEP) and primers have been used in the past by the Department of Defense (DoD) to protect steel structures from corrosion. DoD owns about 200 million sq it of steel structures with lead-based paint (such as bridges, aircraft hangars, water tanks, etc.). The DoD also owns about 2 billion sq it of pre--1978 buildings with some lead-based paint. Cost-effective procedures for risk assessment, interim controls, and abatement need ... |
|
| Thermal Spray Removal of Lead-Based Paint from the Viaduct Bridge at Rock Island Arsenal, IL |
JUN 1998 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey H. Boy; Robert A. Weber; Ashok Kumar; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Lead-based paint has in the past been used on many steel structures to control corrosion. Peeling lead-based paint cannot be overcoated but must be removed. During removal by conventional techniques, a tight containment structure is required to keep lead dust from contaminating air, soil, or water, and special worker protection is required. These protective measures are cumbersome and expensive. This report documents a field demonstration ... |
|
| Construction Productivity Advancement Research (CPAR) Program: Cavitation- and Erosion-Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings |
JUL 97 |
149 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey H. Boy; Ashok Kumar; Patrick March; Paul Willis; Herbert Herman; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| This study demonstrated the effectiveness of thermal spray cavitation and erosion-resistant metal coatings for hydroelectric and utility plant turbines and pumps. Of 21 thermal spray coatings tested, Stellite(trade name) 6 applied by the high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) process had the lowest cavitation rate (11.7 mg/h). This was higher than the corresponding rate of 3.2 mg/h for 308 stainless steel weld reference. In slurry erosion wear testing, the volume loss for HVOF-applied ... |
|
| Field Evaluation of Cathodic Protection Systems Using Ceramic-Coated Anodes for Lock and Dam Gates |
NOV 94 |
214 pages |
| Authors:
Vincent Hock; Richard Ruzga; Ashok Kumar; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENGINEERING AND MA TERIALS DIV
|
| Since 1950, the Army Corps of Engineers has used impressed current cathodic protection (CP) systems, using either graphite or high silicon chromium bearing cast iron (HSCBCI) anodes with protective coatings. Both systems help control corrosion of hydraulic structures immersed in either fresh or salt waters, and hybrid CP systems can contain both types of anodes. Research continues in the search for better and more economical materials. This study documented the ... |
|
| Prediction of Contact Path and Load Sharing in Spiral Bevel Gears |
APR 94 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
George D. Bibel; Karuna Tiku; Ashok Kumar; NORTH DAKOTA UNIV GRAND FORKS
|
| A procedure is presented to perform a contact analysis of spiral bevel gears in order to predict the contact path and the load sharing as the gears roll through mesh. The approach utilizes recent advances in automated contact methods for nonlinear finite element analysis. A sector of the pinion and gear is modeled consisting of three pinion teeth and four gear teeth in mesh. Calculation of the contact force and ... |
|
| Application of Thermal Spray and Ceramic Coatings and Reinforced Epoxy for Cavitation Damage Repair of Hydroelectric Turbines and Pumps |
MAR 93 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Ruzga; Paul Willis; Ashok Kumar; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENGINEERING AND MA TERIALS DIV
|
| The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is one of the largest single producers of hydroelectric power in the United States. The Corps' ability to generate power can be reduced by cavitation in hydroelectric turbines. Cavitation is the damage that results from high velocity liquid flow and pressure changes. Cavitation can be repaired by traditional methods, such as welding or application of epoxy, or by the newer nonfusion methods, such as ... |
|
| MicroGPIPER Implementation Guide |
JUL 92 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Richard C. Guglomo; Vicki L. Van Blaricum; C. D. Page Jr.; Ashok Kumar; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENGINEERING AND MA TERIALS DIV
|
| The total cost of corrosion at Army facilities is a significant percentage of maintenance and repair budgets. Corrosion of underground steel pipelines used to transport and distribute natural gas often leads to property and environmental damage, and loss of valuable resources. When corrosion problems occur, facility managers must decide to repair or replace pipes. These decisions frequently consider only current needs and are often made on the basis of limited ... |
|
| Cathodic Protection Diagnostic Computer Program for Sacrificial and Impressed Current Systems: Overview and User's Manual |
SEP 91 |
152 pages |
| Authors:
Vicki L. Van Blaricum; C. D. Page Jr.; Kim Reinke; Ashok Kumar; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| The total of corrosion at Army facilities is a significant percentage of maintenance and repair budgets. Corrosion in underground gas piping is particularly costly because pipe damage is difficult to determine or assess until a leak occurs. Cost effective maintenance of underground gas piping and other structures requires that cathodic protection (CP) systems operate properly and that some measure of current and projected pipe condition be available. To meet this ... |
|
| Robotic Corrosion Inspection Crawler |
APR 91 |
|
| Authors:
Ashok Kumar; Ali Odeh; Fathi Ghorbel; Mark Spong
|
 | Inspection of corrosion damage to underground and building piping systems is required to make repair decisions. It is difficult to inspect and diagnose the outside of underground piping because the pipe is usually enclosed in casing or insulation. Emphasis of this research is on internal inspection and corrosion status assessment of gas, water, and steam pipes. Prototype designs of the robotic corrosion inspection crawler were investigated based on kinematic principles. ... |
|
| Improved Ceramic Anode Designs and Installation for Lock and Dam Gates |
APR 90 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Ashok Kumar; Mark D. Armstrong; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| The objective of this research was to design and demonstrate improved ceramic anode configurations and installation for lock and dam gates. Two new ceramic anode configurations were developed for use in impressed current cathodic protection systems. Flat disk ceramic anodes and rod ceramic anodes have been installed at two demonstration sites. It is recommended that monitoring continue at the demonstration sites for 2 years and anode placement be studied for ... |
|
| PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ULTRASONIC CREEPING WAVE PROBES |
MAR 90 |
|
| Authors:
Ashok Kumar
|
| THE USE OF ULTRASONIC CREEPING WAVE PROBES IS INCREASING VERY RAPIDLY ESPECIALLY IN THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF AUSTENITIC STEEL WELDMENTS, ETC. THIS HAS NECESSITATED THE EVALUATION OF A PROCEDURE FOR THE VALIDATION OF THESE PROBES. A CALIBRATION BLOCK HAS BEEN PROPOSED TO HELP IN THE EVALUATION OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF THE CREEPING WAVE PROBES. THE PROCEDURE TO EVALUATE THE PARAMETERS WITH THE HELP OF THIS BLOCK HAS ALSO BEEN GIVEN. ... |
|
| Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program. Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steels for Locks, Dams, and Hydroelectric Plant Applications |
DEC 89 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Ashok Kumar; Ali A. Odeh; James R. Myers; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Carbon steels and low-alloy carbon steels have been the primary source for materials used to construct locks, dams, and hydroelectric plant structures. Some components for these facilities have also been fabricated from 300-series austenitic stainless steels and the martensitic grades of 400-series stainless steels. Advanced technology alloys that have better corrosion resistance and higher strength than alloys developed earlier can be advantageous for water resource projects. This report presents typical ... |
|
| MONITORING THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON MARBLE STONE STRUCTURES, USING ULTRASONIC NDT |
SEP 87 |
|
| Authors:
V. N. Bindal; Ashok Kumar; Yudhisther Kumar; Jagdish Lal
|
| an attempt has been made to use an ultrasonic ndt method to observe changes caused by sulphuric acid, due to atmospheric pollution, on the surface of marble stone in old monuments. amongst the various ultrasonic methods studied, the back scattering method was found to be the most sensitive. the back scattering technique utilized has been described and results are given for the effect on marble stone treated with various concentrations ... |
|
| A CALIBRATION BLOCK FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ULTRASONIC SURFACE WAVE PROBES |
MAR 86 |
|
| Authors:
V. N. Bindal; Ashok Kumar
|
| for the detection of surface and subsurface defects by ultrasonic testing, surface wave probes are being used. although a knowledge of various parameters such as probe index, sensitivity, resolution, etc. of these probes would be of great help in their effective use, as yet no procedure exists in the published literature to characterize these probes. a calibration block has been proposed to evaluate the performance of ultrasonic surface wave probes. ... |
|
| STATUS OF ULTRASONIC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING STANDARDS IN INDIA |
AUG 82 |
|
| Authors:
V. N. Bindal; Ashok Kumar
|
| a review of indian standards on ultrasonic ndt and a comparative study with bsi and astm standards has been attempted. a list of calibration blocks proposed in these standards along with the important parameters which can be evaluated using the blocks has also been given. the critical study of the standards available shows that the work on standardization of probes, instruments and materials is not adequate enough. (author) |
|
| Cathodic Protection of Civil Works Structures. |
DEC 1979 |
|
| Authors:
Ashok Kumar; R. Lampo; F. Kearney; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| This report lists various design considerations for cathodic protection systems and provides several examples of such systems. It also contains the results of field surveys of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (CE) installations which have used or are using cathodic protection on hydraulic structures. These surveys indicate that (1) graphite slab anodes can be softened by oxygen attack, (2) unprotected sausage anodes are often damaged by river debris, and (3) ... |
|
Reports by Author
