The Fast Obscurant Grenade (FOG) is a bursting type grenade that has been developed within the Family of Tactical Obscuration Devices to fulfill the small through medium area screening obscuration need. After the health hazards were analyzed for the currently used obscurant payloads, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was chosen as the candidate smoke, while maintaining the necessary performance characteristics. Many studies have been performed evaluating the toxicity of inhaled TiO2; however, ...