We have shown that sulfur mustard (SM; bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide), an alkylating, vesicating chemical warfare agent, causes dermal toxicity, including skin microblisters, via the induction of both death receptor (DR) and mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes. While SM is known for its skin-vesicating properties, respiratory tract lesions are the main source of morbidity and mortality after inhalation exposure. We, therefore, investigated whether SM induces apoptotic cell death in ...
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