| Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals |
05 SEP 2007 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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 | The protection of classified national security and other controlled information is of concern not only to the executive branch -- which determines what information is to be safeguarded, for the most part -- but also to Congress, which uses the information to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities. It has established mechanisms to safeguard controlled information in its custody, although these arrangements have varied over time between the two chambers and among ... |
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| GAO: Government Accountability Office and General Accounting Office |
22 JUN 2007 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| On July 7, 2004, an old congressional support agency was given a new name, while keeping the same initials (GAO): at that time, the General Accounting Office, established in 1921, was re-designated the Government Accountability Office (P.L. 108-271). The renaming, which came at the request of its head, the Comptroller General (CG), is designed to reflect the agency's evolution and additional duties since its creation more than eight decades before. ... |
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| Statutory Offices of Inspector General: Past and Present |
21 JUN 2007 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Statutory offices of inspector general (OIG) consolidate responsibility for audits and investigations within a federal agency. Established by public law as permanent, nonpartisan, independent offices, they now exist in more than 60 establishments and entities, including all departments and largest agencies, along with numerous boards and commissions. Under two major enactments -- the Inspector General Act of 1978 and its amendments of 1988 -- inspectors general are granted substantial independence ... |
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| Congressional Oversight of Intelligence: Current Structure and Alternatives |
15 FEB 2007 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Interest in congressional oversight of intelligence has risen again in 2007, in part because of the House Democratic majority's pledge to enact the remaining recommendations from the U.S. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, commonly known as the 9/11 Commission. Its conclusions in 2004 set the stage for reconsideration of the problems affecting Congress's structure in this area. The commission's unanimous report, covering a wide range of ... |
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| A Joint Committee on Intelligence and Alternatives: Proposals from the 9/11 Commission and Others |
20 DEC 2006 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| In mid-2004, the U.S. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States commonly known as the 9/11 Commission released a unanimous report covering a wide range of issues and concerns. As part of this, the panel concluded that congressional oversight of intelligence was dysfunctional and proposed two distinct solutions. These were: (1) creation of a joint committee on intelligence (JCI), modeled after the now-defunct Joint Committee on Atomic Energy ... |
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| Homeland Security Department: FY2007 Appropriations |
05 JUL 2006 |
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| Authors:
Jennifer E. Lake; Blas Nunez-Neto; Sarah A. Lister; Todd Masse; Ruth Ellen Wasem; Keith Bea; Frederick M. Kaiser; Harold D. Relyea; Barbara L. Schwemle; John Frittelli; Daniel Morgan; John D. Moteff; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| This report describes the FY2007 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Senate reported H.R. 5441, the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007, on June 29, 2006, which would provide $32.8 billion for DHS for FY2007. The House passed H.R. 5441, on June 6, 2006, and would provide $33.2 billion in net budget authority. The Administration requested a net appropriation of $31.9 billion in net budget authority ... |
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| Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals |
05 APR 2006 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The protection of classified national security and other controlled information is of concern not only to the executive branch -- which determines what information is to be safeguarded, for the most part -- but also to Congress, which uses the information to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities. It has established mechanisms to safeguard controlled information in its custody, although these arrangements vary over time between the two chambers and among panels ... |
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| Direct Assaults against Presidents, Presidents-Elect, and Candidates |
05 APR 2006 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Direct assaults against Presidents, Presidents-elect, and candidates have occurred on 15 separate occasions, with five resulting in death. Ten incumbents (about 24% of the 42 individuals to serve in the office), including four of the past six Presidents, have been victims or targets. Four of the ten (and one candidate) died as a result of the attacks. This report identifies these incidents and provides information about what happened, when, where, ... |
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| Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals |
11 JAN 2006 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The protection of classified national security and other controlled information is of concern not only to the executive branch, which determines what information is to be safeguarded for the most part, but also to Congress, which uses such information to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities. As a result, Congress has established procedures and mechanisms to protect controlled information in its custody. These arrangements, however, differ between the House and the Senate ... |
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| Congressional Oversight |
03 JAN 2006 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Congressional oversight of policy implementation and administration has occurred throughout the history of the United States government under the Constitution. Oversight the review, monitoring, and supervision of operations and activities takes a variety of forms and utilizes various techniques. These range from specialized investigations by select committees to annual appropriations hearings, and from informal communications between Members or congressional staff and executive personnel to the use of extra congressional mechanisms, ... |
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| A Joint Committee on Intelligence: Proposals and Options from the 9/11 Commission and Others |
25 AUG 2004 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| In mid-2004, the U.S. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States commonly known as the 9/11 Commission released a unanimous report covering a wide range of issues and concerns. As part of this, the panel concluded that congressional oversight of intelligence was dysfunctional and proposed two distinct solutions. These were: (1) creation of a joint committee on intelligence (JCI), modeled after the now-defunct Joint Committee on Atomic Energy ... |
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| American National Government: An Overview |
20 MAY 2003 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Power in American national government is decentralized, divided, dispersed, and limited. This distribution of power derives in part from the Constitution, through limitations imposed on the government, the system of checks and balances among the three branches, and independent bases of support and authority for each branch. The report discusses the U.S. Constitution; the separate institutions of the Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court; restrictions on serving in another ... |
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