Laser-induced periodic pattern formation has been observed on a variety of substances. In particular, low-power laser have been used to deposit a pattern on a metal surface. For a relatively smooth surface grating, this pattern can be explained in terms of a perturbative solution of Maxwell's equations. However, as the surface grating is enhanced by this initial deposition, the perturbation solution breaks down. An alternate non-perturbative solution of Maxwell's equations ...
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