| Sea Surface Height Predictions from the Global Navy Coastal Ocean Model During 1998-2001 |
DEC 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Charlie N. Barron; A. B. Kara; Harley E. Hurlburt; C. Rowley; Lucy F. Smedstad; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
 | A 1/8 degree global version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), operational at the Naval Oceanographic OffIce (NAVOCEANO), is used for prediction of sea surface height (SSH) on daily and monthly time scales during 1998-2001. Model simulations that use 3-hourly wind and thermal forcing obtained from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System are performed with/without data assimilation to examine indirect/direct effects of atmospheric forcing in predicting SSH. Model-data ... |
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| The Impact of Water Turbidity on Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Simulations in a Layered Global Ocean Model |
FEB 2004 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
A. B. Kara; Harley E. Hurlburt; Peter A. Rochford; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with an embedded bulk-type mixed layer model is used to examine the effects of ocean turbidity on sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) simulations over the global ocean. The model accounts for ocean turbidity through depth. dependent attenuation of solar radiation in the mixed layer formulation as determined from the diffusive attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (k490) ... |
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| Validation Test Report for the 1/16 Degree Global NRL Layered Ocean Model Nowcast/Forecast System |
14 APR 2003 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C. Rhodes; Harley E. Hurlburt; Alan J. Wallcraft; E. J. Metzger; Jay F. Shriver; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| This report describes validation tests for the eddy-resolving 1/16 degree global Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) nowcast/forecast system. For the nonassimilative model, maps of sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) show that the model depicts the observed positions of the major fronts. Comparisons of model SSH variability with altimetry and correlations with tide-gauge SSH time series demonstrate ocean model skill. In addition, model comparisons ... |
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| 1/32 DEGREE Global Ocean Modeling and Prediction |
2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jay Shriver; Harley E. Hurlburt; Ole M. Smedstad; Alan J. Wallcraft; Robert C. Rhodes; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This DoD HPC Challenge project is a crucial component of an effort to develop a data-assimilative 1/320 global ocean nowcast/forecast system, which includes the associated basic research and exploratory development. The need for 1/320 resolution (-3.5 km at mid-latitudes) has been demonstrated through extensive research, including essential contributions from our FY97 and FY98/00 DoD HPC Challenge projects. The ocean model, after 30 years of climatological spinup, was run interannually spanning ... |
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| Basin-Scale Ocean Prediction with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model |
2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
E. J. Metzger; Patrick J. Hogan; Ole M. Smedstad; E. Chassignet; Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Eddy-resolving simulations of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were performed using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM at 1/120 (-1 km mid- latitude) resolution. HYCOM is isopycnal in the open, straqfied ocean, but makes a dynamically smooth transition to a terrain-following coordinate in shallow water and to pressure coordinates in the mixed layer and/or unstratified regions via the layered continuity equation. This approach retains the advantages that each individual vertical ... |
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| Naval Research Laboratory Mixed Layer Depth (NMLD) Climatologies |
08 APR 2002 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
A. B. Kaba; Peter A. Rochford; Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Monthly isothermal layer depth (ILD) and mixed layer depth (MLD) fields for the global ocean are presented from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Mixed Layer Depth (NMLD) climatologies. The ILD is defined using only temperature while the MLD is defined using a density-based criterion. These fields are constructed from the I -degree monthly mean climatologies of the World Ocean Atlas 1994 (WOA94) using a method for determining layer depth that ... |
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| A Feasibility Demonstration of Ocean Model Eddy-resolving Nowcast/ Forecast Skill Using Satellite Altimeter Data |
10 MAR 2000 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; Robert C. Rhodes; Charlie N. Barron; E. J. Metzger; Ole M. Smedstad; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| A 1/16 deg Pacific Ocean model north of 20 deg S and a 1/4 deg global ocean model are used to assimilate satellite altimeter data and then to perform month-long forecasts initialized from the data assimilative states. The results constitute a feasibility demonstration of ocean model eddy-resolving nowcast/ forecast skill using altimeter data. In particular they demonstrate: (1) that satellite altimetry is an effective observing system ... |
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| Navy Altimeter Data Requirements |
10 NOV 1999 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Gregg A. Jacobs; Charlie N. Barron; Michael R. Carnes; Daniel N. Fox; Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Navy requirements for altimeter data are driven mainly by the operational systems for mesoscale ocean circulation monitoring and acoustic prediction. Specification of requirements also considers development toward future systems that will provide tidal height and currents, regional circulation in semienclosed basins, and wave heights. We provide a short synopsis of present systems for describing the ocean environment based on altimeter data. Typical mesoscale time and length ... |
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| A Comparison of Wind Stresses Derived from Archived Operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 1OOO-mb Winds and Florida State University Pseudo Stresses over the Tropical Pacific Ocean, 1981-1993 |
31 AUG 1999 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; E. J. Metzger; Jay F. Shriver; Bruce W. Hundermark; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Monthly wind stresses are computed from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational 12 hrly global wind analyses. These are compared with wind stresses derived from the Florida State University (FSU) monthly pseudo stresses (observational data) over the tropical Pacific Ocean domain from 1981-1993. The FSU product is used as the standard for comparison because it was derived using the same procedures and data type. During 1982-1985, ECMWF ... |
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| Impact of Different Wind Forcing on Circulation in the Japan/East Sea |
JAN 1999 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick J. Hogan; Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEAN MONITORING AND PREDICTION SECTION
|
| The surface circulation in the Japan/East Sea (JES) can be influenced by external forcing such as flow through the straits, surface wind stress, and surface heating and cooling. All are believed to have a significant effect on the presence and/or strength of the large scale circulation features such as the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC), the Liman and North Korea Cold Currents (LCC and NKCC), the Polar Front (PF), and ... |
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| Validation Test Report for OCEANS 1.0: The 1/40 Global, Reduced Gravity NRL Layered Ocean Model |
30 JUN 1998 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
E. J. Metzger; Robert C. Rhodes; Dong S. Ko; Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEAN MONITORING AND PREDICTION SECTION
|
| The components of OCEANS 1.0 are described in this report. They consist of the marginally eddy-resolving 1/4 deg global, reduced gravity NRL (naval Research Laboratory) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) and the Pacific West Coast (PWC) model. The reduced gravity version of NLOM is capable of accurately depicting the large-scale oceanic circulation, but there are a few exceptions. The version of NLOM described here is wind-forced ... |
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| Global and Basin-Scale Ocean Modeling and Prediction |
1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Alan J. Wallcraft; Harley E. Hurlburt; Robert C. Rhodes; Jay F. Shriver; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEAN MONITORING AND PREDICTION SECTION
|
| This DoD HPC Challenge project is part of a coordinated 6.1-6.4 effort on the "Grand Challenge" problem of eddy-resolving global and basin-scale ocean modeling and prediction. This project is work towards the ultimate goal of a data assimilative 1/32 deg global ocean nowcast/forecast system including the associated basic research and exploratory development. The interim goal by 2001 is the transition of a 1/8 deg global system with embedded 1/16 deg ... |
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| Proceedings of the International Workshop on Numerical Prediction of Oceanic Variations Held in Tokyo, Japan on 7-11 Mar 1995. Dynamics of Eddy- Resolving Models of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan |
09 JUN 95 |
|
| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; Patrick J. Hogan; E. J. Metzger; William J. Schmitz; Alan J. Wallcraft; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
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| A Decadal Impact of the 1982-83 El Nino on the Northern Pacific Ocean |
MAR 95 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; Gregg A. Jacobs; Jimmy L. Mitchell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| In the recent paper published in Nature we presented evidence which indicates that the effects of equatorial El Nino episodes are more far-reaching than previously believed. In 1991 significant anomalies in both the ocean circulation and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over the North Pacific Ocean were linked with this century's largest such episode, the 1982-1983 El Nino. This decadal link is provided vy a Rossby wave which propagated across the ... |
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| Hindcasting Wind-Driven Anomalies Using Reduced-Gravity Global Ocean Models with 1/2 deg and 1/4 deg Resolution |
30 SEP 1994 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
E. J. Metzger; Harley E. Hurlburt; Gregg A. Jacobs; John C. Kindle; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Global versions of the Navy Layered Ocean Model are used to hindcast wind-driven oceanic anomalies. These versions are reduced-gravity with the lowest layer infinitely deep and at rest Grid resolutions of 0.5 (1/2 deg) and 0.25 (1/4 deg) are used. Winds at the 1000-mbar level from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts are used as forcing functions for the models over the 1981-1990 time frame. The models' ability to ... |
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| Understanding Global Climate Change with Ocean Acoustic Tomography and Models |
NOV 92 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
John L. Spiesberger; Daniel E. Frye; Harley E. Hurlburt; Mark A. Johnson; James J. O'Brien; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Paleoclimate inferred from the Vostok ice core provides tantalizing evidence that increases in atmospheric CO2 are dynamically linked with increases in atmospheric temperature (Jouzel et al., 1987; Barnola et al., 1987; Genthon et al., 1987). However, the mechanisms responsible for the temporal and spatial scales of the accompanying temperature change are not understood because, in part, the ocean's role is not well understood. New technology is required to see inside ... |
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| Preliminary Results from a Numerical Study of the New England Seamount Chain Influence on the Gulf Stream |
84 |
|
| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; J. D. Thompson; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
 | The model domain extends from Cape Hatteras to the Grand Banks and has closed boundaries except for inflow and outflow ports for the Gulf Stream at the eastern and western ends. The Gulf Stream inflow to the domain is confined entirely to the upper layer and the seamounts are confined entirely to the lower layer. Thus, this study departs from the usual design for flow over toppography where the current ... |
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| The Importance of Altimeter and Scatterometer Data for Ocean Prediction |
84 |
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| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
| The potential for ocean prediction within the next decade is discussed in terms of the crucial elements: data, computing power, and models. The paper outlines a strategy for a global ocean prediction system that is based on appropriate satellite data, Class 7 computers (approx. 1 gigaflop and 32-128 million words), and eddy-resolving basin or global scale models. The paper is focused on the prediction of meandering currents, frontal positions, and ... |
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| The Potential for Ocean Prediction and the Role of Altimeter Data |
84 |
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| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
| A skillful ocean forecasting capability will depend on adequate data input and computing power, and properly designed and adequately validated ocean models for data assimilation and forecasting . Once these conditions are satisfied, forecasts of meandering currents and eddies up to a few months appear to be a reasonable expectation. Simulation studies suggest that prediction of meandering currents and eddies requires high horizontal resolution. High vertical resolution can be obtained ... |
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| The Behavior of an Individual Current Meander in Different Dynamical Regimes, |
APR 1982 |
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| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; J. Dana Thompson Jr; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
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| This study represents a middle ground between investigations of mesoscale isolated vortices and studies of unstable currents with such large populations of eddies that the basic evolution of individual current meanders tends to be obscured. Here, the behavior of individual current meanders in different dynamical regimes is examined using a two-layer primitive-equation model and schematic geometry of the Gulf of Mexico, a geometry useful in studying a single current meander. ... |
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| A Numerical Study of the Influence of the New England Seamount Chain on the Gulf Stream: Preliminary Results, |
APR 1982 |
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| Authors:
J. Dana Thompson; Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
| There is growing evidence that the New England Seamount Chain significantly influences the path of the Gulf Stream, deflecting it southeastward and generating large meanders downstream. A ring meander extending southward or southeastward near the seamounts also appears to be a semi-permanent feature (Richardson, 1981). Whether the ring remains attached to the stream for long periods of time or whether it repeatedly separates and reattaches is not known. The dynamics ... |
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| The Dynamics of the Loop Current and Shed Eddies in a Numerical Model of the Gulf of Mexico |
OCT 1981 |
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| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; J. Dana Thompson; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
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| The dynamics of the circulation in the Gulf of Mexico have been investigated using simple, efficient numerical models capable of simulating consistently observed dynamical features, including the Loop Current and the shedding of large anticyclonic eddies from the Loop. |
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| An Implicit Form of Upstream Differencing and Its Application to a Radiation Boundary Condition |
JUL 1981 |
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| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
| An implicit form of upstream differencing is developed which is decoupled in space and is unconditionally stable. It has the same numerical diffusion as the usual explicit form. The scheme is especially attractive for use in radiation boundary conditions for semi-implicit models. (Author) |
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| A Summary of Papers Related to Mesoscale and Large-Scale Ocean Modeling. Volume I |
JUN 1981 |
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| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
| This technical note contains summaries of the important ideas and results from 13 papers related to mesoscale and large scale ocean modeling. Most of the papers represent major contributions to our understanding of the dynamics and energetics of mesoscale eddies and their interaction with ocean currents and with each other. Understanding the nature of flow instabilities associated with the generation and evolution of the eddies is an important aspect of ... |
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| The Influence of Coastline Geometry and Bottom Topography on the Eastern Ocean Circulation. |
JAN 1974 |
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| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; FLORIDA STATE UNIV TALLAHASSEE MESOSCALE AIR-SEA INTERACTION GROUP
|
| An important feature of the eastern ocean circulation is coastal upwelling. Associated with the upwelling is an equatorward surface jet and a poleward undercurrent. The present investigation focuses attention on the effects longshore variations in bottom topography and coastline geometry have on these phenomena. |
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