Carbon fibers are lightweight, high tensile strength synthetic strands used commercially and in military applications for aircraft and electromagnetic obscuration. Fibers with respirable diameters 10 micrometers will deposit by interception in the bronchi. Recent XM81 grenade field studies indicated that explosive dissemination produced fibers with diameters <3.0 micrometers and lengths <100 micrometers, making some of the fibrous smoke respirable. Carbon fibers were explosively generated to determine if the resultant aerosol ...
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the major component for a proposed training smoke grenade (XM82). The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has classified TiO2 as a 'nuisance dust' with threshold limit value of 10 mg/m3 of total dust (<1% quartz). Adverse pulmonary effects from TiO2 occur only when lung clearance mechanisms are overwhelmed. The purpose of this study was to determine acute toxicological effects in rats exposed by inhalation to ...
The teratogenicity of vaporized methlyphosphonic difluoride (DF) was investigated using the rat and rabbit as the experimental models. Pregnant rats and rabbits were exposed. Dams and does exposed exhibited nasal exudate and raspy breathing. These dams also had significantly lower body weights on the last three of four weighings. There were, however, no differences between the control litters and the DF-exposed litters for the parameters: litter number, mean body weight, ...
Terephthalic Acid (TPA) CAS 100-21-0 is a component in several smoke grenades and pots and is used widely in the chemical industry for the production of polyesters. Because exposure of troops could occur from the pyrotechnic dissemination of TPA, the Research Directorate (Toxicology Division) of CRDEC conducted an acute inhalation toxicological evaluation of TPA from thermally disseminated devices to mimic field exposure. Groups of amle, Fischer 344 rats were exposed ...
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