| Toxicity of a Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Decontamination Solution (Decon Green) in Water and Soil Extracts |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; Ronald T. Checkai; Steven D. Turley; Michelle A. Osborn; Dennis T. Burton; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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 | The U.S. Army has developed a hydrogen peroxide-based decontaminating solution, Decon Green (DG). The components of the decon solution are less hazardous to the end-user and the environment than standard decon solutions that are in the current inventory. Toxicity studies were conducted as direct amendments of DG into water, and into soil. Aquatic organisms were exposed directly to water amended with DG. Soils amended with DG were subjected to an ... |
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| Innovative Methods for Investigating the Fate of Chemical Warfare Agents in Soil |
DEC 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald T. Checkai; Mark V. Haley; Michael Simini; Carlton T. Phillips; Charles L. Crouse; Kathy L. Matson; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Surface-controlled reactions affecting hydrolysis of organic compounds in the environment can predominate over bulk solution hydrolysis, especially in soil environments. Unpredicted residual levels of chemical warfare agents (CWA) at threat levels in the field necessitated the development of new methods for investigating the fate of CWA delivered onto soil. Design and fabrication of Soil System Units now allows determination of the fate of CWA in soil, as well as investigation ... |
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| HPLC Determination of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) in Soil and Aqueous Matrices |
NOV 2004 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Emily A. Davis; Mark V. Haley; Jan E. Kolakowski; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a novel energetic material being investigated as a potential replacement for currently used explosive and propellant formulations. The principal objective of this study was to focus on the quantitative chemical analysis of freshly amended (0.01-100 mg/kg) and weathered/aged (0.01-10000 mg/kg) CL-20 in Sassafras Sandy Loam (SSL) soil extracts. Using modified U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 8330A, the instrumental limit of detection was 0.01 mg/L. In acetonitrile ... |
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| Toxicity of Decon Green to Cerlodaphnia Dubla, Daphnia Magna, and Bivrio Fischeri |
SEP 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| The U.S. Army is developing a hydrogen peroxide-based decontaminating solution Decon Green (DG) that is effective against chemical, as well as biological agents. The components of the decon solution are less hazardous to the user than standard decon solutions (i.e., DS-2/DAM). Toxicity data exist on the individual components; however environmental information on the mixture is lacking. This report addresses the aquatic toxicity of DG, presenting studies that will provide baseline ... |
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| Inhalation Toxicity of GF Vapor in Rats as a Function of Exposure Concentration and Duration and Its Potency Comparison to GB |
AUG 2003 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Mark V. Haley; James H. Manthei; Ruth A. Way; Dave C. Burnett; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The inhalation toxicity of cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GF) was examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed by whole-body in a dynamic 750-L chamber. The objectives of this study were to 1) validate vapor detection methods for GF, starting in the lethal to near-lethal concentration range; 2) examine dose-response effects of inhaled GF vapor, analyze the relationship between concentration (C) and exposure duration (t) in determining probability of lethality; and 3) ... |
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| Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) Program, Immobilized Cell Bioreactor Toxicity Monitoring |
JUN 2003 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; Mark A. Guelta; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| Until recently, incineration was the only proven technology, adopted by the U.S. Army, that successfully destroyed chemical agents. However, public opposition to incineration redirected research to evaluate alternative technologies. Through the Alternative Technology Program, the U.S. Army adopted biodegradation as a proven method for destroying the mustard stockpile at Aberdeen Proving Ground. However, research did not address the destruction of mustard when mixed with explosives generated from the destruction of ... |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated M83-PE smoke Grenades |
JUN 2003 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Mark V. Haley; Kathy Matson; Charles Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| To reduce the possibility of flaming, the smoke formulation for the M83 smoke grenade has been modified by the addition of a bum retardant, pentaerythritol (PE). These M83-PE grenades were chemically characterized to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the combustion products produced with the addition of PE. Data was needed prior to material release and for incorporation into the item's Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCEA). Similar to other terephthalic acid (TA) ... |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated M8-PE smoke Pots |
MAY 2003 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Mark V. Haley; Kathy Matson; Charles Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| To reduce the possibility of flaming, the smoke formulation for the M8 smoke pot has been modified by the addition of a burn retardant, penterythritol (PE). These M8-PE pots were chemically characterized to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the combustion products produced with the addition of PE. Data as needed prior to material release and for incorporation into the item's Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCEA). Similar to other terephthalic acid (TA) ... |
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| Sequencing Batch Reactor Biodegradation of Hydrolyzed GB as Sole Carbon Source |
OCT 2002 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Steven P. Harvey; Laurie F. Carey; Mark V. Haley; Paul C. Bossie; Nicholas D. Gillit; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The chemical nerve agent sarin (o-sopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) was hydrolyzed at 7.2 wt % in aqueous sodium hydroxide yielding primarily o- isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA). This hydrolysate was diluted and fed as sole carbon source to activated sludge in an aerobic sequencing batch reactor. Feed concentrations ranged from 0.25% (initial) to 0.5% (final). The reactor was operated essentially on a 15-day hydraulic residence time. Overall chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was ... |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated XM30 Main Gun Signature Simulator |
JAN 2002 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Mark V. Haley; Sandra A. Thomson; Charles L. Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Development of the Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) 2000 device has been selected as the replacement to the currently used Hoffman systems. On the M1 or M60 tanks, a laser is activated to simulate firing of the main gun, which triggers a signal to the Main Gun Signature Simulator (MGSS) to activate the XM30 simulator. The XM30 simulator was designed to produce a flash and bang so the tank ... |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated XM30 Main Gun Signature Simulator |
JUL 2001 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
J. Steven Anthony; Mark V. Haley; Sandra A. Thomson; Charles L. Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The purpose of this study was to pyrotechnically disseminate the XM30 simulators in a controlled chamber environment and to maintain a specified concentration range for chemical characterization of the combustion products. Data was needed prior to material release and for incorporation into the item's Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCEA). Characterization was to principally include compounds of toxicological significance such as benzene, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide; but, detection of other volatile ... |
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| Toxicity of a Biodegraded Chemical Warfare Agent (Mustard) to Aquatic Organisms |
JUN 2000 |
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| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; Jon A. Ware Sr.; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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 | The U.S. Army Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center (ERDEC) has investigated an alternative method for disposing of sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide, HD), a chemical warfare agent under the chemical stockpile disposal program. The mineralization of HD through hot water hydrolysis followed by biodegradation in sequencing batch bioreactors has been demonstrated to be an effective technology. Aquatic toxicity assays were conducted on hydrolyzed HD ... |
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| Federally Owned Treatment Works (FOTW) Demonstration Test, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity of HD Bioeffluents |
DEC 1998 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; Steven D. Turley; Dennis T. Burton; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
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| The U.S. Army Alternative Technology Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, has investigated an alternative method for disposing of sulfur mustard !2,2DICHLOROPHENYL SULFIDE (HD), a chemical warfare agent under the chemical stockpile disposal program. The mineralization of HD, through hot water hydrolysis followed by biodegradation in sequencing batch bioreactors, has been demonstrated to be an effective technology. In this report, the feasibility of discharging effluents, produced from the bioreactors, to a ... |
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| Dissolved Solids as HD Bioeffluent Toxicants |
DEC 1998 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
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| The U.S. Army, through the Alternative Technology Program at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, has developed a neutralization/biodegradation process that treats hydrolyzed sulfur mustard. The effluent produced from this process has been proposed to be discharged to a Federally Owned Treatment Works. Chronic toxicity studies have shown that the effluent from the bioreactors is toxic to ceriodaphnia and fathead minnows. The effluent contains 2.4% salt, which is ... |
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| HD Hydrolysis/Biodegradation Toxicology and Kinetics |
DEC 96 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Steven P. Harvey; Linda L. Szafraniec; William T. Beaudry; Mark V. Haley; Thomas E. Rosso; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| One technology developed for potential use in the disposal of RD (2, 2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide) from the Aberdeen Proving Ground unitary chemical stockpile is hydrolysis followed by biodegradation. Stockpile RD (89.2% pure) was hydrolyzed in 90 deg C water at a concentration of 3.8 wt %. The reaction was complete (RD undetectable at 200 ppb level), and the product typically contained 90-95% thiodiglycol. The complete product was amended with 1.5 g/L ... |
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| Effluent Discharge Chemical Demilitarization Alternate Technology Research HD Chemical Neutralization and Bio-Treatment |
SEP 96 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Jon A. Ware Sr.; Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| A review was undertaken to establish technical regulatory guidance on the discharge of waste, to a Federally Owned, or Publicly Owned Treatment Works, resulting from the neutralization and biodegradation of HD mustard agent. This report is a review of specific and general pretreatment requirements, proper hazardous waste exclusion, and statute and regulatory prohibition on discharge of chemical warfare agent. A waste water discharge resulting from the proper treatment of chemical ... |
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| Toxicity and Fate Comparison between Several Brass and Titanium Dioxide Powders |
JUL 93 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Brass flakes (MD Both Industries, Ashland, MA), SF-150 Rich Gold, and four brands of titanium dioxide were tested to determine their toxicities to Daphnia magna (water flea), Ankistrodesmus falcatus (green algae), and Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae). The toxicity of the brass materials were ranked high, having EC50S below I mg/L for daphnia and algae. The fate of the brass materials were determined in fresh water of varying hardness, in synthetic ... |
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| Aquatic Toxicity and Fate of Nickel Coated Graphite Fibers, With Comparisons to Iron and Aluminum Coated Glass Fibers |
JUL 93 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The toxicity of nickel coated graphite was examined using Daphnia magna, the water flea (48 hr assay) and Cyprinodon variegatus, the sheepshead minnow (96 hr assay). Daphnia were the most sensitive test organism having a 48 hr EC50 of 1.0 mg/L soluble nickel. The sheepshead minnow showed no toxic signs up to 1000 mg/L nickel fibers. Fate studies (21 days) were conducted using various water hardness and salt water media. ... |
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| Toxicity of GD and HL Simulants and the Chemical Agent Disclosure Solution to Daphnia magna |
OCT 90 |
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| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The aquatic toxicities of GD and HL simulants and the Chemical Agent Disclosure Solution (CADS) were examined. Acute 48-hr bioassays using the water flea, Daphnia magna, were performed. The EC50 (based on a percent volume/volume dilution) was determined to be 0.401% (GD), 0.0845% (CADS), and 0.058% (HL). During field testing, the possibility exists that wind and/or rain can cause the simulants to be introduced into the surrounding bodies of water. ... |
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| The Acute Toxicity of Isopropylamine and 2-Methylcyclohexanol |
APR 89 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Wayne G. Landis; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The toxicity of isopropylamine (IPA) and 2-methylcyclohexanol (2-MCH) was determined. Acute 48-hr bioassays were performed using the water flea, Daphnia magna. Ninety-six hour, growth inhibition assays were conducted using freshwater green eucaryotic algae, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Ankistrodesmus falcatus. Isopropylamine was more toxic to the test organisms than 2-MCH. The 48-hr EC50 of IPA to daphnia was 91.5 mg/L. When buffered with 10% HCl, the 48- hr EC50 of IPA increased ... |
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| Toxicity of Jet A (Aviation Fuel) Selected Aquatic Organisms |
MAR 89 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Wayne G. Landis; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| JP8 (jet propulsion) is an aviation fuel being considered for replacement of diesel fuel used in the generation of smoke on the battlefield. JP8 is projected to be more economical and also be used as a fuel for the ground machinery used in the transport and dissemination of JP8. Also, fog oil has naphthene constituents above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards. JP8 trailing and testing could lead ... |
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| Evaluation of Graphite for Environmental Toxicity Using the Standard Aquatic Microcosm |
AUG 88 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne G. Landis; Nancy A. Chester; Mark V. Haley; Dennis W. Johnson; Renee M. Tauber; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The impact of a graphite dust on an aquatic ecosystem model, the Standard Aquatic microcosm (SAM), was investigated. Graphite dust produced effects that resembled eutrophication in that a diversity decreased, ammonia increased, and a photosynthesis/respiration ratio of less than one was observed in the highest concentration. Compared to brass dust, graphite has much less potential to adversely impact aquatic ecosystems. Keywords: Toxicology, Ecotoxicity, Algae, Nitrites, Nitrates. (kt/kr) |
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| Evaluation of the Aquatic Toxicity and Fate of Brass Dust Using the Standard Aquatic Microcosm |
JUL 88 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne G. Landis; Nancy A. Chester; Mark V. Haley; Dennis W. Johnson; William T. Muse Jr; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The impact of brass dust on a model aquatic ecosystem, the Standard Aquatic Microcosm (SAM), was investigated. Brass dust had dramatic effects on the interaction of trophic levels, community structure, and metabolism of nutrients. Copper was rapidly released from the dust material suspended in the water column. Brass dust has the potential to severely impact aquatic ecosystems. Keywords: Aquatic toxicology; Microcosm; Brass dust. (mjm) |
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| Confirmation of Multiple Organofluorophate Hydrolyzing Activities in the Protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila |
OCT 87 |
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| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Wayne G. Landis; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The term DFPase describes an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing an organofluoromonophosphate. Partially purified preparations of DFPase were subjected to flatbed thin-layer isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gels with an ampholine carrier of pH 4-6.5. Until recently, the separation of DFPases was completed on molecular sizing columns (sephacryl S-300).1 IEF provides information on the protein's isoelectric point. The isoelectric pH is the pH at which the net charge of the protein ... |
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| Aquatic Toxicity of Pinacolyl Alcohol |
SEP 86 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Dennis W. Johnson; William T. Muse; Wayne G. Landis; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The aquatic toxicity of a secondary alcohol, 3,3-Dimlethyl-2-butanol Pinacolyl Alcohol (PA), was determined. Acute tests were conducted on Pimephales promelas, 48 hr EC50 = 443.1 mg PA/1, and Daphnia magna, 24 hr EC50 = 513.2 mg PA/1. Growth inhibition tests (96 hr) were conducted using Ankistrodesmus falcatus, EC50 = 257.7 mg PA/1. In general, the toxicity of straight-chained alcohols increases proportionally with the molecular weights. Using the structure activity equation ... |
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| Toxicity of Brass Particulate to Daphnia magna |
NOV 85 |
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| Authors:
Dennis W. Johnson; Mark V. Haley; Gayle S. Hart; William T. Muse; Wayne G. Landis; CHEMICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The aquatic toxicity of a brass particulate was examined. Acute, 48- hour bioassays were performed using the water flea, Daphnia magna. Tests were conducted with uniform suspensions of uncoated brass particulate, brass particulate coated with a Teflon solution, silica, and titanium dioxide. The Teflon coating solution and the supernatant of the brass suspension (after settling of the brass) also were tested. The effective concentrations that would be lethal to 50% ... |
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| The Population Dynamics of the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata, on Carroll Island |
JUN 1983 |
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| Authors:
Wayne G. Landis; Dennis W. Johnson; Bernardita Infiesto; Martha C. Lamb; Mark V. Haley; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD CHEMICAL SYSTEMS LAB
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| The population dynamics and structure of the spotted turtle, Clemmys guttata, were studies from 1970 until 1982. Carroll Island was the site of chemical testing from post WW II until 1971. Special consideration was given to the impact upon the populations of turtles by the chemicals released on Carroll Island. Several findings are noteworthy. The number of juveniles on the island has steadily declined over the 12 years of sampling. ... |
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Reports by Author
